Tonekabon
Persian: تنكابن (شهسوار)
City
Cheshmeh Kileh
Dasht-e Daryasar, Mount Sialan
Sehezar Valley
Tonekabon is located in Iran
Tonekabon
Tonekabon
Coordinates: 36°48′55″N 50°52′16″E / 36.81528°N 50.87111°E / 36.81528; 50.87111[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceMazandaran
CountyTonekabon
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total55,434
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Websitetonekabon.ir

Tonekabon (Persian: تنكابن, also Romanized as Tonekābon; formerly known as Shahsavar (Persian: شَهسَوار), also Romanized as Shahsavār and Shahsawār)[3] is a city in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as both capital of the county and the district.[4] The languages of Tonekabon are Mazandarani[5][6] and Gilaki.[7][8]

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 43,128 in 13,087 households.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 45,338 people in 14,975 households.[10] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 55,434 people in 18,878 households.[2]

Etymology

Toneka was a large and fortress-like city with a fence and a hard and strong surface in the west of Ruyan district. Shortly after the destruction of Toneka Castle, a lower city was built from the ruins of the old city, and it was called Toneka Bon (Persian: تنکابن, lit. 'Lowest point of the Toneka'). This name was extended to all the lands that formed the local rulers.

Geography

Tonekabon is located on the coast of the southern Caspian Sea, 257 kilometres (160 mi) north of Tehran, between Ramsar and Chalus.

The town of Tonekabon is nearby along the Caspian Sea, and Tonekabon County has common borders with Qazvin Province to the south.

In its northern regions it has a moderate and humid climate and in the southern portions cold weather prevails. The Cheshmeh Kileh River flows through it.

Climate

Tonekabon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.

History

The territory of Tonekabon was originally part of Gilan. Numerous evidences discovered in various parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in the past. The ancient Tonekabon came under the realm of the Royan territory, also called Rostamdar. The Padusbanan held the power of this vicinity till the reign of Shah Abbas Safavid I. Thereafter until the year 1209 CE. which was the beginning of the reign of Aqa Mohammad Khan Qajar and the Qajar dynasty, the city was known as Feiz.

After the downfall of the Qajar dynasty, the city was renamed Shahsavar. After the 1979 Revolution the name was returned to its original historic one, Tonekabon. Most present-day people of the city still use the Shahsavar name.

Economy

A famous variety of orange, Shahsavari Orange, is grown in the city and bears its former name. The other products of Tonekabon are kiwi fruit, rice, and tea. Tonekabon has a semi tropical climate. The temperature is mild year round.

The "Ghalegardan high lands" and "Dohezar Valley" are famous resort areas in the Alborz (Elburz) mountain range, southwest of Tonekabon. There are also dense forests in Dohezar and the Sehezar Road areas of the Alborz.

Tourist attractions

Glacial lake in Alam Kuh
  • Alam Kuh
  • Sialan
  • Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
  • Wildlife Museum
  • Municipality Palace of Tonekabon
  • Do Hezar Forest Park
  • Se Hezar Forest Park
  • Toneka Castle
  • Markuh Castle
  • Se Hezar Hot water
  • Sang Bon Cheshmeh Waterfall
  • Chaldarreh
  • Daryasar Plain
  • Dinar Sara
  • Beles Kūh
  • Kouhsar Waterfall
  • Falakdeh Hot water
  • Tonekabon Fish Market
  • Garma Poshteh Village

Notable people

See also

  • Populated coastal places in Iran
  • Populated places on the Caspian Sea

References

  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (1 June 2023). "Tonekabon, Tonekabon County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Tonekabon can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3087648" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  5. ↑ «تنکابن». دانشنامه جهان اسلام. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۷-۰۷-۰۷.
  6. ↑ parsi.wiki. Archived from the original on 16 اكتبر 2016. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  7. ↑ «تنکابن». دانشنامه جهان اسلام. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۷-۰۷-۰۷.
  8. ↑ parsi.wiki. Archived from the original on 16 اكتبر 2016. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  9. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  10. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
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