Timex Sinclair
TypeJoint venture
IndustryHome Computer
FoundedDecember 12, 1982 (1982-12-12)
DefunctJanuary 10, 1984 (1984-01-10)
FateDissolved
Headquarters
Waterbury, Connecticut
,
United States
OwnersSinclair Research, Timex Corporation

Timex Sinclair was a joint venture established in December 1982[1][2] between the British company Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation in an effort to gain an entry into the rapidly growing early-1980s home computer market in North America.[3]

History

The choice of partnership was natural, as Timex was already the main contractor for manufacture of Sinclair's ZX81 and ZX Spectrum computers at its Scottish plant in Dundee.[3]

Due to large demand another manufacturer was needed, so Timex Portugal (TMX Portugal Lda, a Portuguese Timex subsidiary[4]), with skilled and relatively cheap labor force,[4] took on the production of models to be exported to the U.S..[5] Although both the Scottish Timex branch and Timex Portugal were full subsidiaries of Timex, internal rivalry meant there was little sharing between the two plants.

Timex Portugal sold the Timex Sinclair (ex: T/S 2068) models in Portugal and Poland under the Timex Computer (ex: TC 2068)[6] brand. In order to market Timex Sinclair products in the United States, Timex Corporation created a subsidiary named "Timex Computer Corporation", and sold machines under the brand Timex Sinclair.[7][1]

Timex Sinclair ended as Timex Corporation withdrew from the U.S. home computer market in January 1984[1][2] but Timex Portugal continued to manufacture, sell and develop hardware in Portugal and Poland[8] for another ten years, with some machines also being sold in Canada and Argentina (see Czerweny computers).[4][5] A 1986 report mentions that 800.000 systems, between TC 2048, TC 2068 and FDD3000, were sold to Poland.[8]

Overall, Timex Sinclair machines were nowhere near as successful as their UK progenitors; in contrast with the ZX Spectrum, which was the best-selling computer in Britain at the time, the T/S 2068 was a relative failure, partly due to Timex Corporation leaving the computer business shortly after its introduction.[9]

Products

The T/S 1000 was introduced in July 1982,[2] with Timex Sinclair touting it as the first home computer to cost under $100 in the U.S. market.[10] In spite of the flaws in the early versions, 550,000 units were sold by the end of the year.[11]

In 1983, about 100,000 units were sold in Canada, and 400,000 in the US, with the price dropping to $49.95.[11] A new computer was announced in May. Named T/S 2000, it was based on the ZX Spectrum,[12] and would come in with 16 or 48K RAM versions, costing $150 or $200. The 16K version was cancelled, and the 48K version was released as T/S 2068.[13]

Two new computers were introduced that same year, the T/S 1500 and T/S 2068.[14] Both were more expensive ($79[15] and $199 respectively) and with low sales.[11]

Released computers

Timex Sinclair released four computers, all of them based (to some extent) on Sinclair Research's existing machines. In chronological order:

  • T/S 1000, introduced in July 1982 and essentially a modified ZX81 with 2 KB RAM.[10]
  • T/S 1500, introduced in August 1983, it was a T/S 1000 with 16 KiB RAM and a ZX Spectrum-like case and keyboard.[14][16]
  • T/S 2068 (TC 2068), released in November 1983, was a ZX Spectrum-based machine with enhancements, namely a cartridge port to make it compete with videogame consoles, which resulted in poor compatibility with software developed for the original. Based on the T/S 2000 prototype. It was marketed under the Timex Computer brand in Canada, Argentina, Portugal and Poland[17] as TC 2068.[18][19]
  • TC 2048, released in 1984, was a ZX Spectrum-based machine with a T/S 2068-like keyboard. Based on the T/S 2000 prototype and featured improved compatibility with the ZX Spectrum. Only sold in Portugal and Poland under the Timex Computer brand.[6][8][20][21]

Hardware projects

  • TC3256 was the next proposed computer. It was designed as the third generation of Timex Computer Technology, but it vanished when Timex Portugal shut down its production line.[22][23]
  • Timex FDD3000
    Timex FDD or FDD 3000, a Z80-based CP/M-compatible computer. Most people only know it as a floppy disk drive controller but in fact, it is a computer without graphics circuitry.[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The FDD or FDD 3000 could be used in three different ways:
    • as a disk drive controller for a TC 2048 or T/S 2068 or ZX Spectrum, running TOS (Timex Operating System)
    • as a CP/M system, using a TC 2048 or T/S 2068 computer running the Timex Terminal Emulator as a console.
    • as a CP/M system, using the Timex Terminal 3000, a terminal keyboard, as a console.[33]

Peripherals

Timex Computer Corporation, under the Timex Sinclair brand, and Timex Portugal, under the Timex Computer brand, produced a number of different peripherals for the Timex computer line:

Timex Sinclair

  • TS1016 - Timex 16K RAM Pack for use on a T/S 1000. Can be used on a T/S 1500.[34]
  • TS1050 - Not a real peripheral, but a "suitcase" to carry T/S 1000, tapes and peripherals[35]
  • TS1510 - A cartridge player for T/S 1500. It can be used on T/S 1000 with a 16K RAM Pack[36]
  • TS2020 - Analog Tape Recorder[37][38]
  • TS2040 - Thermal Printer[39][40][41]
  • TP2040 - Thermal Printer (badging variation, with "Printer" instead of "Sinclair")
  • TS2050 - Communications Modem[42][43]
  • TS2060 - Bus Expansion Unit (vaporware)[44][45]
  • TS2065 - Timex Microdrives (vaporware)[46][47]
  • TS2080 - 80 column dot matrix printer (vaporware)[48][49]
  • TS2090 - Command stick. Joystick to be used on T/S 2068 internal ports[50][51]

Timex Computer

Neptun 156 monitor. It came in matching black or grey colours.
  • TS1040 - A multi-voltage power supply (printer + tape recorder (T/S 2020) + T/S 1000 + TC 2048 or T/S 2068)[52]
  • TC2010 - A digital tape recorder[53]
  • TC2080 - A serial 80 column dot matrix printer[54][55]
  • Timex FDD - A "cut down" computer that can be used as a floppy disk controller[24][25][26]
  • Timex FDD3000 - A "cut down" computer that can be used as a floppy disk controller (an upgraded Timex FDD)[27][28][29][30][31][32]
  • Timex Terminal 3000 - A "cut down" computer to be used as a CP/M terminal with FDD3000[33]
  • Timex RS232 - A serial RS232 interface[56][57]
  • Sound/Joystick Unit - A sound amplifier for SLCD sounds and Kempson(?) Joystick Interface[58]
  • Neptun 156 - To export the Timex Computer to Poland (as the Unipolbrit UK2086),[59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Timex Portugal had to be paid in goods. It chose to import the Neptun 156 12" green monochrome monitor, manufactured in Poland by Unimor company.[66][67] Based on the Neptun 150 TV receiver, it proved very popular in Portugal and was frequently sold in bundles with the TC computers.[68][69][70]
  • Timex Printer 2040 - same as the TS2040 printer.[71][40]

Software

Timex Sinclair

Timex Computer Corporation, under the Timex Sinclair brand, released 9 business, 20 home management, 30 education and 25 game titles on cassette for the T/S 1000 and T/S 1500.[72][73] Four titles on cartridges were also released.[72]

For the T/S 2068, 4 business, 13 home management, 29 education and 24 game titles were released on cassette.[74] Seven titles were released on cartridges.[74]

Timex Computer

Timex Portugal sold/developed the following software, under the Timex Computer brand:[75]

  • TOS (Timex Operating System) - Operating system for the FDD/FDD3000[76]
  • CP/M for FDD3000 - Advanced operating system for the FDD3000
  • Basic 64 - Sinclair Basic extensions for the TC 2048 and TC 2068, supporting the extra video modes
  • Timeword - A word processor in cartridge that can save to TOS disks or to a tape recorder
  • ZX Spectrum Emulator - for the TC 2068 and T/S 2068, in cartridge

References

  1. 1 2 3 "TIMEX COMPUTER CORPORATION :: Texas (US) :: OpenCorporates". opencorporates.com.
  2. 1 2 3 "Timex Abandons Line of Low-Cost Home Computers". Toledo Blade 23. February 23, 1984. p. 32.
  3. 1 2 AMERICAN EXPRESS BOOSTS SALES OF THE ZX81 (PDF). Sinclair Research Limited. 1982.
  4. 1 2 3 Luckman, Paul (February 7, 2022). "Timex Portugal, Clive Sinclair and Maggie Thatcher". The Portugal News.
  5. 1 2 J.C.M. (April 6, 2017). "Quando na Caparica se faziam computadores para todo o mundo". Correio da Manhã.
  6. 1 2 "TIMEX COMPUTERS TC-2048". OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum.
  7. ↑ "Timex Computer Corporation – Timex/Sinclair Computers". Timex/Sinclair The Authoritative Website for Timex/Sinclair Computers.
  8. 1 2 3 "Poland". World of Spectrum. Archived from the original on 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  9. ↑ "Timex Portugal, Clive Sinclair and Maggie Thatcher". www.theportugalnews.com. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  10. 1 2 "Timex Corp. Introduces New Computer". Ocala Star-Banner. April 22, 1982. pp. 5C.
  11. 1 2 3 "Timex clocks out of home-computer business". The Financial Post. March 3, 1984. p. 34.
  12. ↑ Blechman, Fred (1983). "Glimpse of the Series 2000". Timex Sinclair User. Vol. 1, no. 3. pp. 21–25.
  13. ↑ "Timex/Sinclair 2000 – Timex/Sinclair Computers". Timex/Sinclair - The Authoritative Website for Timex/Sinclair Computers.
  14. 1 2 Mace, Scott (November 14, 1983). "Q&A: Dan Ross". InfoWorld. Vol. 5, no. 46. p. 109.
  15. ↑ Mace, Scott (June 20, 1983). "TRS-80 MC-10 'battles' T/S 2000". InfoWorld. Vol. 5, no. 25. p. 1.
  16. ↑ Mitchell, Peter W. (1983-09-06). "A summer-CES report". Boston Phoenix. p. 4. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  17. ↑ "worldofspectrum.org - timex - poland". Archived from the original on 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  18. ↑ Timex Sinclair 2068 PERSONAL COLOR COMPUTER USER MANUAL. Timex Computer Corporation. 1983.
  19. ↑ Advertisement (December 1983). "Now from Timex...a powerful new computer". BYTE. p. 281. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  20. ↑ "TC-2048 Timex Computers". www.old-computers.com.
  21. ↑ "Timex Computer 2048". Timex Computer World. 2001.
  22. ↑ "Timex Computer 3256 - Portugal".
  23. ↑ "15110 – Bem-vindo ao Museu [EN] – New – LOAD Guia". Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  24. 1 2 "Timex FDD - Portugal". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  25. 1 2 "Timex Floppy Disk Drive Set". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  26. 1 2 "Timex Floppy Disk Drive Systems". Archived from the original on 2020-01-18. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  27. 1 2 "Timex FDD 3000 -- 8bit Projects For Everyone". 8bit.yarek.pl. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  28. 1 2 "Timex FDD3000". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  29. 1 2 "Timex FDD 3 -- 8bit Projects For Everyone". 8bit.yarek.pl. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  30. 1 2 "Timex FDD 3000 -- 8bit Projects For Everyone". 8bit.yarek.pl. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  31. 1 2 "Timex FDD3000". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  32. 1 2 "Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Timex Peripherals/Timex FDD 3000 Floppy Disk/". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  33. 1 2 "Timex Terminal 3000 - Portugal". www.timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  34. ↑ "TS 1016 RAM pack". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  35. ↑ "TS1050 Carrying Case". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  36. ↑ "TS 1510 Command Cartridge Player". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  37. ↑ "TS 2020 Cassette Recorder". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  38. ↑ "Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Timex Peripherals/TS2020 Tape Recorder/". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  39. ↑ "TS 2040 Printer". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  40. 1 2 "Review: The Timex Sinclair 2040 Printer". www.atarimagazines.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  41. ↑ "Timex Sinclair 2040, Timex USA". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  42. ↑ "TS 2050 Modem". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  43. ↑ "The Timex Sinclair 2060 Bus Expansion Unit". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  44. ↑ "TS 2060 Bus Expansion Unit". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  45. ↑ "The Timex Sinclair 2060 Bus Expansion Unit". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  46. ↑ "TS 2065 Microdrive". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  47. ↑ "Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Timex Peripherals/TS2065 Microdrives/". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  48. ↑ "TS 2080 80 Column Printer". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  49. ↑ "Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Timex Peripherals/TS2080 Printer/". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  50. ↑ "TS 2090 Commandstick". www.timexsinclair.com. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  51. ↑ "Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Timex Peripherals/TS2090 Command Stick/". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  52. ↑ "Timex Sinclair 1040 - Multi-Power Supply". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  53. ↑ "Timex Computer 2010". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  54. ↑ "Timex Computer 2080". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  55. ↑ "Timex Computer 2080 - Portugal". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  56. ↑ "Timex Interface RS232 manual". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  57. ↑ "Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Timex Peripherals/Timex Interface RS232 (Timex Computer, Portugal)/". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  58. ↑ "Joystick-Sound Unit". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  59. ↑ Unipolbrit is a portmanteau word of Uni, from Unimor company and Polbrit company (which itself is pol, from Poland and brit from British). The number 86 in 2086 is from the last two digits of the year of the production start.
  60. ↑ "Unipolbrit Komputer 2086". k1.spdns.de. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  61. ↑ "Unipolbrit Komputer 2086 -- 8bit Projects For Everyone". 8bit.yarek.pl. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  62. ↑ "Unipolbrit Komputer 2086 - MCbx". archive.sundby.com. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  63. ↑ Świątek (cybernetyka), Roman (1988). Programowanie mikrokomputera Unipolbrit 2086 w języku BASIC (in Polish). Biuro Wydawnicze ZZDZ.
  64. ↑ "Unipolbrit 2086". 62.129.235.93. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  65. ↑ "Poland". Archived from the original on 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  66. ↑ "Unimor "Neptun M-156 B" (monitor) | UNITRA-Klub". unitraklub.pl. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  67. ↑ "Neptun 156 156B - Pictures - MCbx". oldcomputer.info. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  68. ↑ oldcrap.org (2018-07-31). "Neptun M156B Monitor". Old Crap Vintage Computing. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  69. ↑ "Elwro 500 -- 8bit Projects For Everyone". 8bit.yarek.pl. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  70. ↑ "Neptun 156 156B - Pictures - MCbx". oldcomputer.info. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  71. ↑ "Timex Sinclair 2040 - Portugal". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  72. 1 2 "Archived copy". worldofspectrum.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  73. ↑ Timex Price List May 1983 (PDF). Timex Computer Corporation. 1983.
  74. 1 2 "Archived copy". worldofspectrum.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  75. ↑ "Archived copy". worldofspectrum.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  76. ↑ "Timex Operating System". timex.comboios.info. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
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