Tim Raines
Raines with the Newark Bears in 2011
Left fielder
Born: (1959-09-16) September 16, 1959
Sanford, Florida, U.S.
Batted: Switch
Threw: Right
MLB debut
September 11, 1979, for the Montreal Expos
Last MLB appearance
September 29, 2002, for the Florida Marlins
MLB statistics
Batting average.294
Hits2,605
Home runs170
Runs batted in980
Stolen bases808
Teams
As player

As coach

Career highlights and awards
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction2017
Vote86.0% (tenth ballot)

Timothy Raines Sr. (born September 16, 1959), nicknamed "Rock",[1] is an American professional baseball coach and former player. He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos. A seven-time All-Star, four-time stolen base champion, and National League batting champion, Raines is regarded as one of the best leadoff hitters and baserunners in baseball history.[2][3][4] In 2013, Raines began working in the Toronto Blue Jays organization as a roving outfield and baserunning instructor.[5] He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017.

Early life

Raines was born in Sanford, Florida, to Ned and Florence Raines. He attended Seminole High School in Sanford.[6] Raines was one of seven children. Two of his brothers, Levi and Ned III, played minor league baseball.[7] As a baseball player at Seminole, Raines stole home plate ten times. He also rushed for 1,000 yards in eight football games and set two school track and field records that lasted for several years.[8] Raines reportedly received over 100 scholarship offers to play college football.[9]

Career

Montreal Expos

The Montreal Expos selected Raines in the fifth round of the 1977 Major League Baseball draft.[10] After debuting with six games as a pinch runner in 1979, he played briefly as a second baseman for the Expos in 1980 but soon switched to playing the outfield, and rapidly became a fan favorite due to his aggressiveness on the basepaths. In his strike-interrupted 1981 rookie season, he batted .304 and set a then Major League Baseball rookie record with 71 stolen bases,[note 1] breaking the previous mark of 56 steals set by Gene Richards in 1977.[12] Raines was caught stealing for the first time in 1981, after having begun his career with a then major league record 27 consecutive successful stolen bases. Raines was the runner-up for the National League's Rookie of the Year Award in 1981, which was won by Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Fernando Valenzuela.

Raines' performance dipped in 1982,[13] as he hit .277 with a .353 on-base percentage.[14] At the end of the season, Raines entered treatment for substance abuse, having spent an estimated $40,000 that year on cocaine.[13] To avoid leaving the drug in his locker, Raines carried it in his hip pocket, and slid headfirst when running the bases.[15] He used cocaine before games, in his car, after games, and on some occasions between innings in the clubhouse.[16] Raines would later testify at the Pittsburgh drug trials in September 1985.

In 1983, Raines stole a career high of 90 bases, the second-highest total in franchise history, and scored 133 runs, a franchise record. He was named Expos Player of the Year in 1983, 1985, and 1986. In each season from 1981 to 1986, Raines stole at least 70 bases. He had a career-high .334 batting average in 1986, winning the National League Batting Championship. Raines maintained a consistently high on-base percentage during this period and a rising slugging percentage, reaching a career peak of .429 in 1987. Although he never won a Gold Glove Award, Raines was an excellent defensive player who led the National League with 21 assists in 1983 and, with 4 double plays, tied for the league lead in double plays by an outfielder in 1985.

Raines became a free agent on November 12, 1986,[14] but in spite of his league-leading play no team made a serious attempt to sign him[17] (in a period when Major League Baseball owners colluded to keep salaries down). On May 1, 1987, hours after being permitted to negotiate again with Montreal, Raines signed a new deal with the Expos for $5 million over three years and a $900,000 signing bonus.[17] In his first game back, on May 2, facing the Mets, although Raines had not participated in spring training or any other competitive preparation for the season, he hit the first pitch he saw off the right-field wall for a triple. Raines finished the game with four hits in five at-bats, three runs, one walk, a stolen base, and a game-winning grand slam in the 10th inning.[18][19] Even without having played in April, Raines led the Expos in runs, walks, times on base, runs created, and stolen bases, in addition to batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage.[20] He also garnered MVP honors in the All-Star Game as he delivered a game-winning triple in the 13th inning. Raines would, in 1992, be one of dozens of players retroactively awarded collusion damages, receiving over $865,000.[21]

Post-Expos career

The Expos traded Raines to the Chicago White Sox on December 20, 1990, along with Jeff Carter and a player to be named later (PTBNL), later identified as Mario Brito, in exchange for Iván Calderón and Barry Jones.[14] Raines later admitted he left Montreal because he wanted to win a World Series and did not believe the Expos "had what it took".[22]

Raines playing for the Chicago White Sox, 1995

In his first season in the American League, Raines hit for a .268 average but with a .359 on-base percentage; he was second on the team in runs scored as the White Sox finished the season in second place in the American League Western Division. His average improved in 1992 to .294 with a .380 on-base percentage. In 1993, despite missing nearly six weeks in April and May due to a torn ligament in his thumb he sustained while stealing a base, he managed to hit .306 with 16 home runs as the White Sox won the American League Western Division title.[23] In the 1993 American League Championship Series against the Toronto Blue Jays, Raines posted a .444 batting average and scored five runs in a losing cause.[24]

On December 28, 1995, the White Sox traded Raines to the New York Yankees for future considerations; in February 1996, the teams agreed on Blaise Kozeniewski as the return.[25] With the Yankees, Raines received two World Series rings in 1996 and 1998. While his playing time was curtailed due to injuries,[18] he contributed to a loose clubhouse atmosphere,[26][27] and was productive when he came up to the plate.[14] With the Yankees, Raines stole his 800th base on June 10, 1998.

In January 1999, Raines signed as a free agent with the Oakland Athletics. After a kidney biopsy on July 23, Raines was diagnosed with lupus and spent the rest of the year undergoing treatment and recovery.[27][28]

Recovery and return

Raines was signed by the Yankees as a free agent on February 1, 2000,[29] but was released on March 23.[14] On December 21, Raines was signed by the Expos.[14] At the Expos home opener in 2001, Raines received what he described as the longest and loudest standing ovation in his entire career, resulting in the pitcher walking him on four pitches.[30] With limited playing time, Raines batted .308, with a .433 on-base percentage and a .436 slugging percentage. That same year, he was inducted into the team's Hall of Fame.

Raines underwent surgery on May 31 due to a left shoulder strain, and spent time rehabilitating with the Expos Triple-A club, the Ottawa Lynx. On August 21, 2001, Raines and his son, Tim Raines Jr., became the first father-son pair to play against each other in an official professional baseball game, when the Lynx played the Rochester Red Wings (the two had faced each other earlier in the year during spring training).[31] Raines returned to the major league club on August 22.

On October 3, the Expos traded Raines to the Baltimore Orioles, thereby permitting Raines to play in a major league game with his son.[32][33] On October 4, Raines Jr. played center field and Raines Sr. played left field for Baltimore, becoming the second father and son team to play for the same major league team (a feat previously accomplished by Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.).[34]

Raines played his last season in 2002 with the Florida Marlins. He is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four decades, was the last active player who was involved with the Pittsburgh drug trials, and also the last MLB batter to wear a batting helmet with no ear flap. (Julio Franco, who retired in 2007, was also eligible to wear a batting helmet with no ear flap, but preferred not to do so.)[35]

Career statistics

Raines at the 2018 All-Star Legends & Celebrity Softball Game

In a 23-year career, Raines played in 2,502 games accumulating 2,605 hits in 8,872 at bats for a .294 career batting average along with 170 home runs, 980 runs batted in, a .385 on-base percentage and a .425 slugging percentage. He ended his career with a .987 fielding percentage. Raines stole at least 70 bases in each of his first six full seasons (1981–1986), leading the National League in stolen bases each season from 1981 to 1984, with a career high of 90 steals in 1983. Raines also led the National League in runs scored twice (1983 and 1987). Raines batted over .300 in five full seasons and over .320 from 1985 to 1987, winning the 1986 National League batting title with a .334 average. He also had six full seasons with an on-base percentage above .390.

With 808 steals in his career, Raines has the fourth-highest total in major league history, behind Rickey Henderson, Lou Brock and Ty Cobb.[36] Some sources, such as Baseball Reference, also place Raines behind Billy Hamilton, who recorded over 900 steals from 1888 to 1901;[36] however, nearly 800 of these were achieved prior to 1898, when the definition of a steal was altered, and these early steals are not officially recognized.[37] Raines's career stolen base percentage (84.7%) was the highest in major league history for players with 300 or more attempts, until he was surpassed by Carlos Beltrán with an 86.4% success rate.[38] (Note that caught stealing data is incomplete prior to the 1951 season.)[39] Raines set an American League records of 40 consecutive successful steal attempts between July 1993 and August 1995 (the record was broken by Ichiro Suzuki in May 2007, when he completed 45 consecutive steals).

Among switch hitters, Raines ranks sixth in career hits (2,605), fourth in runs (1,571), walks (1,330) and times on base (3,977), fifth in plate appearances (10,359), seventh in singles (1,892), doubles (430), total bases (3,771) and at bats (8,872), eighth in triples (113) and tenth in extra base hits (713). He held the Expos/Washington Nationals franchise records for career runs (947) until May 22, 2021, when Ryan Zimmerman scored his 948th run for the franchise. Raines holds the Nationals/Expos franchise records for steals (635), singles (1,163), triples (82) and walks (793), and was the seventh player whose career began after 1945 to retire with over 1,500 runs and 100 triples.[note 2] His 1,966 games in left field ranked seventh in major league history when he retired.

From 1983 to 1987, Total Baseball rated him as one of the National League's five best players each season. He is also listed as the 40th greatest non-pitcher in major-league history according to Bill James's win shares formula, one place ahead of Mark McGwire.

League leading statistics

Reference: Baseball-Reference.com Leader and Record Board Index[40]

  • Led the National League in batting average in 1986 (.334), the third switch hitter to win the NL batting title
  • Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413)
  • Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75)
  • Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 (90)
  • Led the major leagues in runs scored in 1983 (133) and 1987 (123)
  • Led the National League for times on base in 1983 (282), 1984 (281), and 1986 (274)
  • Led the National League in outfield assists in 1983 (21)
  • Tied for the National League lead in double plays by an outfielder in 1985 (4)

Expos records

Reference: Montreal Expos Batting Leaders from baseball-reference.com[41]

  • Single-season record for plate appearances (731 in 1982)
  • Single-season record for runs (133 in 1983)
  • Career record for runs (947)
  • Single-season record for triples (13 in 1985); shared with Rodney Scott and Mitch Webster
  • Career record for singles (1,163)
  • Career record for triples (82)
  • Career record for walks (793)
  • Career record for times on base (2,440)
  • Career record for stolen bases (635)
  • Career record for runs created (1,047)
Raines' uniform number 30 was retired by the Montreal Expos.

Honors and awards

Raines was a National League All-Star in 7 consecutive seasons (1981–1987), and was named the Most Valuable Player of the 1987 All-Star Game.[42]

In 1981, The Sporting News named Raines the National League Rookie of the Year.[43]

Raines finished in the top 10 in voting for the NL Most Valuable Player Award three times (1983, 1986, 1987). He won a Silver Slugger Award as an outfielder in 1986 when he led the National League in both batting average and on-base percentage.

In 2013, Raines was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.[30]

On January 18, 2017, Raines was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.[44] He was formally inducted on July 30. His plaque depicts him in an Expos cap.

The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida, Raines' alma mater, has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at the school.[45] Raines was also gifted a ceremonious key to the city of Sanford in March 2019, and the Sanford Historical Museum dedicated an exhibit to Raines, filling it with memorabilia from his career.[45]

Baseball Hall of Fame candidacy

Raines was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2017, appearing on 86.0% of ballots cast. He was eligible for election to the Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2008, and various sabermetricians and commentators had supported his induction prior to his being elected in 2017.[46][47][48][49][50]

History of Hall of Fame vote support[14]
Year of Hall of Fame balloting Percentage
2008 24.3%
2009 22.6%
2010 30.4%
2011 37.5%
2012 48.7%
2013 52.2%
2014 46.1%
2015 55.0%
2016 69.8%
2017 86.0%

Coaching career

Raines began his coaching career in 2003 as manager of the Class A-Advanced Brevard County Manatees affiliate of the Expos. He was promoted to the major league team in 2004 and was present for the Expos' final games as a Montreal franchise.

He was a coach for the White Sox from November 2004 until October 2006.[51] During the 2005 World Series Championship season, Raines served as first base coach. During the 2006 season, he served as bench coach. He was the hitting coach for the minor-league Harrisburg Senators in 2007,[52] but was not retained by the team for 2008. Raines signed a two-year contract to manage the Newark Bears of the Atlantic League, starting in 2009. After the 2010 season, the Bears moved to the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, and the team announced Raines would return to manage in 2011.[53] In 2012, he was an assistant coach and Director of Player Development for the Bears.[52] The Toronto Blue Jays hired Raines as a minor league baserunning and outfield coach in 2013.[52][54][55]

Personal life

Tim Raines Jr. as hitting coach for the Aberdeen IronBirds in 2018

In 1979, Raines married Virginia Hilton, a classmate at Seminole High School. The couple had two children: Tim Jr. ("Little Rock"), and André ("Little Hawk").[56] In high school, he was a running back. Discussing his decision to play professional baseball instead of football he stated, "...in football I was a running back, so in the NFL my career would have probably lasted six or seven years and in baseball I ended up playing 23 years. In baseball you can play a long time so I think it's better when you think of it in that way."[57] In 2007, he moved to Estrella Mountain Ranch, a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona, and married Shannon Watson from Arnprior, Ontario.[58] She had twin babies in 2010.[59] In 2017, Raines published his autobiography, written with journalist Alan Maimon, Rock Solid: My Life in Baseball's Fast Lane.[60]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Broken by Juan Samuel with 72 in 1984[11]
  2. ↑ The previous six were Willie Mays, Lou Brock, Pete Rose, George Brett, Robin Yount and Paul Molitor.

References

  1. ↑ Raines received this nickname at an Expo rookie camp when he was seventeen, based on his physique. Abel, Allen (May 28, 1981). "Raines defies Doubleday". The Globe and Mail. p. 55.
  2. ↑ In 2001, Bill James ranked Raines as the second-greatest leadoff player in MLB history. James, Bill (2001). New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, The. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 684–685. ISBN 0-684-80697-5.
  3. ↑ McLaughlin, Dan (December 27, 2007). "The Path to Cooperstown: Tim Raines and the Tablesetters". HardballTimes.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  4. ↑ Stark, Jayson; Peter Gammons (December 29, 2007). "Debate: Is Tim Raines a Hall of Famer?". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  5. ↑ "Toronto Blue Jays add Tim Raines to coaching staff: report". thestar.com. December 31, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
  6. ↑ Porter, David L. (2004). Latino and African American Athletes Today: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 311. ISBN 9780313320484. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  7. ↑ Fimrite, Ron (June 25, 1984). "Don't Knock The Rock". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  8. ↑ Buchalter, Bill (September 25, 1994). "Seminole's top star still Raines at school". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  9. ↑ Jaffe, Jay (January 25, 2017). "Tim Raines talks his journey to Hall of Fame". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  10. ↑ "1977 Major League Baseball Draft". thebaseballcube.com. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  11. ↑ Durso, Joseph (August 15, 1989). "Samuel Is Making an Impact". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Expos' Raines makes off with SB record". The Sun. San Bernardino, California. Associated Press. August 30, 1981. p. D-6. Retrieved September 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  13. 1 2 Fimrite, Ron (June 25, 1984). "Don't Knock the Rock". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 baseball-reference.com. "Tim Raines". Sports Reference. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  15. ↑ Vecsey, George (August 21, 1985). "SPORTS OF THE TIMES; To Test or not to Test?". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ Farber, Michael (2004). "Raines beats $1,000-a-week habit". In Brunt, Stephen (ed.). The Way it Looks From Here. Alfred A. Knopf. Originally published in The Gazette on 1982-12-11.
  17. 1 2 Anderson, Dave (May 5, 1987). "SPORTS OF THE TIMES; Nobody Wanted Raines". The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  18. 1 2 Keri, Jonah (December 29, 2007). "Raines: 'I played the game with excitement, focus'". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  19. ↑ "Retrosheet Boxscore: Montreal Expos 11, New York Mets 7". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  20. ↑ baseball-reference.com. "1987 Montreal Expos Statistics and Roster". Sports Reference. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  21. ↑ Chass, Murray (December 15, 1992). "BASEBALL; Big Collusion Winners: Clark, Parrish, Dawson". The New York Times.
  22. ↑ Tim Raines (October 22, 2017). "22 October 2017 episode". Tout le monde en parle. Season 14. Episode 05 (in French and English). Montreal. 34m12s minutes in. Ici Radio-Canada Télé. Retrieved October 25, 2017. I didn't leave because I didn't like Montreal... I left because I was in a situation where: I'm a veteran, I want to win a World Championship, we didn't have what it takes to win a World Championship... and that's why I ended up going to Chicago. Not because I didn't like Montreal, but I wanted to go to a team that has a chance to win and... unfortunately we didn't win there and I ended up going to New York and winning, but, that was what it was all about, it wasn't about the city, and that's why I came back to Montreal, because, you know, I wanted to finish my career in Montreal.
  23. ↑ "1993 American League Standings". Baseball Reference. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  24. ↑ "1993 American League Championship Series". Baseball Reference. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  25. ↑ "SPORTS PEOPLE: BASEBALL;Yankees Finish Trade". The New York Times. February 7, 1996. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  26. ↑ Olney, Buster (October 16, 1998). "WORLD SERIES PREVIEW: YANKEES VS. PADRES – IN THE CLUBHOUSE; Before the Yankees Take the Field..." The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  27. 1 2 El-Bashir, Tarik (August 31, 1999). "Raines Returns, as Do the Laughs". The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  28. ↑ McKeon, Ross (August 7, 1999). "Raines diagnosis: Lupus". SFGate.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  29. ↑ Olney, Buster (February 2, 2000). "Raines Gets a Shot At Resuming Career". The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  30. 1 2 "Tim Raines, George Bell among Canadian Hall inductees | bluejays.com: News". Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
  31. ↑ CBC Sports (August 22, 2001). "Father-son combos common in baseball". CBC.ca. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  32. ↑ CBC Sports (October 3, 2001). "Orioles add elder Raines". CBC.ca. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  33. ↑ "Tim Raines Sr. joins son on Orioles". ESPN.com. Associated Press. October 3, 2001. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
  34. ↑ "Charlton's Baseball Chronology – 2001". BaseballLibrary.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  35. ↑ Phillips, Thomas D.; Touching All the Bases: Baseball in 101 Fascinating Stories, p. 109 ISBN 0810885522
  36. 1 2 "Career Leaders & Records for Stolen Bases". baseball-reference.com. Sports-Reference, LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  37. ↑ Shenk, Larry. "'Sliding Billy' Hamilton a pioneer of basestealing". mlb.com. MLB Advanced Media, LP. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  38. ↑ "Career Leaders & Records for SB %". baseball-reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  39. ↑ Edes, Gordon (October 2, 2013). "Jacoby Ellsbury: Sultan of swipe". espn.com. ESPN, Inc. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  40. ↑ baseball-reference.com. "Baseball-Reference.com Leader and Record Board Index". Sports Reference. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  41. ↑ baseball-reference.com. "Washington Nationals Batting Leaders". Sports Reference. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  42. ↑ baseball-reference.com. "Baseball-Reference All-Star Game Index". Sports Reference. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  43. ↑ The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Sterling Publishing. 2007. p. 1768. ISBN 978-1-4027-4771-7.
  44. ↑ "After slow burn, Tim Raines blazes his way into the Hall of Fame". ESPN. January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  45. 1 2 Comas, Martin E. (March 7, 2019). "Sanford to honor baseball Hall-of-Famer Tim Raines — 'the greatest athlete to come out of Sanford'". orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  46. ↑ Stark, Jayson; Peter Gammons (December 29, 2007). "Debate: Is Tim Raines a Hall of Famer?". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  47. ↑ Pearlman (June 13, 2007). ""Rock" belongs in Cooperstown". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  48. ↑ Sheehan, Joe (March 24, 2000). "The Daily Prospectus: A Hall of Famer Retires". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  49. ↑ Jazayerli, Rany (March 31, 2000). "The Case for Tim Raines: An In-Depth Look". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  50. ↑ Darowski, Mike (February 17, 2006). "Hall of Fame Case: Tim Raines". The Rule V Baseball Blog. Archived from the original on March 5, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  51. ↑ ESPN.com (October 14, 2006). "White Sox fire bench coach Raines". ESPN. ESPN.com. Retrieved October 28, 2006.
  52. 1 2 3 Berry, Adam (January 2, 2013). "Raines to coach in Blue Jays' farm system". Major League Baseball. MLB Advanced Media. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  53. ↑ "Rock Takes the Raines for 2011 Season" (Press release). Newark Bears. November 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  54. ↑ "Former Expos star Tim Raines joins Blue Jays staff for 2013". The Sporting News. SportingNews.com. January 1, 2013. Archived from the original on April 1, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  55. ↑ Engel, Heather (March 29, 2014). "Raines thrilled with game's return to Montreal". Independent Sport News (ISN). Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  56. ↑ Fimrite, Ron (June 25, 1984). "Don't Knock the Rock". Sports Illustrated. CNN/Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
  57. ↑ Benjamin, Samori (July 21, 2008). "Rock Solid". wbaisports.com. WBAI Sports. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
  58. ↑ Elliott, Bob (August 11, 2007). "Elliott on Baseball". canoe.ca. Canoe Inc. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
  59. ↑ "The Jonah Keri Podcast, Episode 11 (Part 1)". The Jonah Keri Podcast. 16:35 minutes in. Archived from the original on August 19, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  60. ↑ Dixon, Michael (May 8, 2017). "Tim Raines Offers Unique Perspective into MLB History in 'Rock Solid' Autobiography". sportsnaut.com. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2019.

Further reading

  • King, Norm. "Tim Raines". SABR.
  • Raines, Tim (2017). Rock Solid: My Life in Baseball's Fast Lane. with Alan Maimon. Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1629374000.
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