Tiruvannamalai
Central Arcot District
District of Tamil Nadu
Clockwise from top-left: Arunachalesvara Temple at Tiruvannamalai, Seeyamangalam Jain Temple, Vandavasi & Arani Fort, View of Eastern Ghats, Tirumalai Jain Temple
Location in Tamil Nadu
Location in Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 12°25′N 79°7′E / 12.417°N 79.117°E / 12.417; 79.117
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictTiruvannamalai
CityTiruvannamalai
Municipalities1.Tiruvannamalai, 2.Arani, 3.Cheyyar, 4.Vandavasi
Total Urban areas22
North Arcot26.1.1989
Named forKing Sambhuvarayar
HeadquartersTiruvannamalai
TalukasTiruvannamalai, Kilpennathur, Arani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Polur, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Thandarampattu, and Vembakkam
Government
 • BodyDistrict collectrate
 • CollectorMurugesh I.A.S
Area
 • District of Tamil Nadu6,191 km2 (2,390 sq mi)
 • RankSecond
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • District of Tamil Nadu2,464,875
 • Rank4th rank in Tamil Nadu
 • Density654/km2 (1,690/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,496,343
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code[[ISO 3166-2:IN|]]
Vehicle registrationTN-25, TN-97
Coastline0 kilometres (0 mi)
Largest cityTiruvannamalai
Sex ratio1000:994 ♂/♀
Literacy79.33%
Legislature Strength12
Lok Sabha constituencyArani and Tiruvannamalai
Vidhan Sabha constituencyArani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Kalasapakkam, Peranamallur, Polur, Tiruvannamalai city, Tiruvannamalai rural, Thandarampattu, Pudupalayam, chettupattu and Vandavasi
Precipitation5,646 millimetres (222.3 in)
Websitetiruvannamalai.nic.in

Tiruvannamalai district (previously known as Central Arcot, Tiruvannamalai Sambhuvarayar District) is the second largest district in Tamil Nadu by area after Dindigul District and one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu, in South India. It was formed in the year 1989 through the bifurcation of North Arcot into the Tiruvannamalai Sambuvarayar and Vellore Ambedkar districts. The city of Tiruvannamalai is the district headquarters.

The district is divided into 12 Taluks—Arani, Chengam, Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Thandarampattu, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Kilpennathur, Jamunamarathoor, Cheyyar and Vembakkam. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males.

History

Tiruvannamalai is one of the most venerated places in Tamil Nadu. In ancient times, the term "Annamalai" meant an inaccessible mountain. The word "Thiru" was prefixed to signify its greatness, and coupled with the two terms, it was called Thiruvannamalai. Thiru means 'holy' or 'sacred' and is traditionally used in front of names in all parts of Tamil Nadu like Thiruneermalai (Lord Ranganatha), Thirunageswaram (Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva), Thirumayam (Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva), Thirumayilai (Lord Adikeshava Perumal and Lord Kapali Eshwaran), Tiruvannamalai (Lord Shiva), Thiruchendur (Lord Muruga), Tiruchirappalli (Rockfort Lord Thaiyumanavar and Lord Sriranganathar), Thiruttani (Lord Muruga), Tiruchengode (Lord Shiva), Thiruchitrambalam (Lord Shiva), Thirumanancheri (Lord Shiva), Thirunallar (Lord Shani Eshwaran), Thiruporur (Lord Muruga), Thirukkadaiyur (Lord Shiva), Tirukalukundram (Lord Vedagiriswarar temple), Thirukarugavur (Lord Garbharakshambigai temple), Tirunelveli, Tiruppur, Tiruvallur and many more.

The temple town of Tiruvannamalai is one of the most ancient heritage sites of India and is a centre of the Saiva religion. The Arunachala hill and its environs have been held in great regard by the Tamils for centuries. The temple is grand in conception and architecture and is rich in tradition, history and festivals. The main Deepam festival attracts devotees from far and wide throughout South India. It has historic places besides Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Arani, Vandavasi, Devikapuram connected to East India and French companies. Arani and Vandavasi had important places in the history of pre-independence. In the late Chola period the district was ruled by the Cholan of Sambuvarayar having Padavedu near Arani as HQ. We can now find the fort and note along with a Shiva temple namely Kailasanathar in Arani town.

After independence Tiruvannamalai was under North Arcot District. The civil district of North Arcot was divided into Vellore District and Tiruvannamalai District in October 1989. P. Kolappan was the first Collector of Tiruvannamalai District. On the whole Tiruvannamalai is traditionally rich in Historic and spiritual values but lacks in industrial growth.

Geography

The district shares borders with Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu districts in the east, Villupuram and Kallakurichi districts in the south, Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri districts in the west, and Vellore, Ranipet and Tirupattur districts in the north.

Climate

The average annual rainfall of the study area is 987 mm, out of which 80 percent is received during monsoon. The soils of the study area have an Ustic moisture regime and Hyperthermic temperature regime. Tiruvannamalai District comes under the Eastern Ghats (TN uplands) and Deccan plateau, hot semiarid region with red loamy soil with cropping period of 90 to 150 days. Excepting hills, the district falls in the North Eastern agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. The average annual rainfall of the study area is 987.4 mm, out of which 80 percent is received during monsoon. The soils of the study area have an Ustic moisture regime and Hyperthermic temperature regime.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901754,287—    
1911875,117+1.50%
1921942,378+0.74%
19311,070,320+1.28%
19411,173,298+0.92%
19511,223,154+0.42%
19611,328,359+0.83%
19711,524,349+1.39%
19811,785,798+1.60%
19912,042,979+1.35%
20012,186,125+0.68%
20112,464,875+1.21%
source:[2]

According to 2011 census, Tiruvannamalai District had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[3] A total of 272,569 were under the age of six, constituting 141,205 males and 131,364 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 22.94% and 3.69% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 66.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[3] The district had a total of 588,836 households. There were a total of 1,238,177 workers, comprising 265,183 cultivators, 351,310 main agricultural labourers, 37,020 in house hold industries, 316,559 other workers, 268,105 marginal workers, 27,458 marginal cultivators, 173,753 marginal agricultural labourers, 9,700 marginal workers in household industries and 57,194 other marginal workers.[4]

Religions in Tiruvannamalai district (2011)[5]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 93.08%
Islam
 
 3.72%
Christianity
 
 2.72%
Other or not stated
 
 0.48%

Hindus are the major religion. The Arunachalesvara Temple in Tiruvannamalai is particularly famous. Muslims live in urban areas while Christians are mostly rural.

Languages of Tiruvannamalai district (2011)[6]

  Tamil (94.31%)
  Urdu (2.66%)
  Telugu (2.36%)
  Others (0.67%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 94.31% of the population spoke Tamil, 2.66% Urdu and 2.36% Telugu as their first language.[6]

Politics

Source:[7][8]
District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Tiruvannamalai 62 Chengam (SC) M. P. Giri Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
63 Tiruvannamalai E. V. Velu Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
64 Kilpennathur K. Pitchandi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA Deputy Speaker
65 Kalasapakkam P. S. T. Saravanan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
66 Polur S. S. Krishnamoorthy All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
67 Arani Sevvoor S. Ramachandran All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
68 Cheyyar O. Jothi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
69 Vandavasi (SC) S. Ambeth Kumar Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA

Administration

Tiruvannamalai District has an area of 6,191 km2. It is bounded on the north by Vellore District and Tirupattur District, on the east by Kanchipuram District, on the south by Villupuram District, and on the west by Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts. Tiruvannamalai District is divided into 3 sub districts (Arani, Tiruvannamalai and Cheyyar), twelve taluks, 27 blocks and 1,061 villages covering an area of 631,205 ha. The twelve taluks of Tiruvannamalai are listed below:

TalukHeadquartersAreaRevenue villagesPopulation
(2011)		Pop density
1Tiruvannamalai-UrbanTiruvannamalai102 km2135409,8263,382 /km2
2Tiruvannamalai-RuralKul Pennathur102 km277169,7593,382 /km2
3ThandarampattuThandarampattu691 km263179,559593 /km2
4ChengamChengam510 km2121280,581639 /km2
5AraniArani327 km255294,976673 /km2
6PolurPolur509 km2111251,685645 /km2
7KalasapakkamKalasapakkam532 km252140,301618 /km2
8JavvadhumalaiJamunamarathoor645 km24247,271291 /km2
9CheyyarTiruvethipuram344 km2131218,188618 /km2
10VandavasiVandavasi645 km2161275,079652 /km2
11ChettupattuChettupattu493 km276146,806588 /km2
12VembakkamVembakkam310 km291124,188581 /km2

List of cities having population of one lakh and above as per 2011 Census:[9]

City Population City Population
1 Tiruvannamalai 3,80,543 9 Gandhinagar-Lakshmipuram 45,571
2 Arani 1,43,783 10 Kalambur 31,751
3 Vandavasi 1,16,452 11 Vettavalam 28,059
4 Polur 1,01,420 12 Pudupalayam 25,374
5 Tiruvethipuram 87,901 13 Thyagi Annamalai Nagar 24,329
6 Chengam 74,901 14 Peranamallur 22,619
7 Chettupattu 59,580 15 Adamangalam-Pudur 21,750
8 Kalasapakkam 46,910 16 Kizh-Pennathur 21,308

Taluks

The district is composed of Talukas namely Tiruvannamalai taluk, Tiruvannamalai Rural Arani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Polur, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet Thandarampattu, and Vembakkam

Economy

In the District Arani and Tiruvannamalai regions are the highest revenue-generating regions.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Tiruvannamalai one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[10] It is one of the six districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[10]

Agriculture

Tiruvannamalai District is known for its two major businesses, agriculture and silk saree weaving. Rice cultivation and processing is one of the biggest businesses in this district. 112013 hectares of paddy cultivation is irrigated by 1965 lakes and 18 reservoirs and small dams. It has 18 regulated markets through which the farmers sell their agri products directly to the government. Through these regulated markets, 271411 metric tonnes of paddy harvested in 2007. There are many rice mills to process paddy found throughout the district. The modern rice mill near Cheyyar is the biggest government owned mill and Arani has around 278 rice mills. Kalambur is also has around 20 Rice mills and known for variety of rice called Kalambur Ponni rice. Kalambur Ponni rice is famous across the state and being shipped to places like Chennai, Coimbatore, Vellore, and the like.

Silk weaving

The district has a large populace of weavers who are specialize in making Silk sarees. Hand looms are often engaged for weaving, although recently some have turned to mechanized methods of using Power looms. Arani taluk contributes high percent of Silk weaving. Arani is the most important revenue earning town in the district. Though the town is not popular off the state, a bulk of India's Silk apparels is produced by the people of Arani.

Industrialization

The district started to industrialize following the establishment of the industrial complex near Cheyyar by the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT).[11] This is evidenced by the recent announcements of a 250-acre (1.0 km2) hi-tech Special Economic Zone for automative components, a 300-acre (1.2 km2) electronics hardware park and the commitment from the Taiwanese Shoe Company to set up its unit.[12] In November 2009 the Tamil Nadu cabinet approved the Mahindara and Mahindra's Rs 1800 core automobile project in 450 acres. This unit will produce tractors, SUVs and commercial vehicles and auto parts.[13] Aluminum die cast unit by Ashley Alteams, a joint venture by Ashok Leyland and Finland-based Alteams Oy started its production in January 2010.[14] This High pressure die cast will manufacture automobile and telecommunication components with initial capacity of 7000 ton per year.[15] One of the largest sugar mills in the country - Cheyyar co-operative sugars - is situated near Cheyyar.

Factories

Since Tiruvannamalai District has its capital at Tiruvannamalai City, there are many factories around Tiruvannamalai. Scent factories are large in number due to the high production of flowers around Tiruvannamalai. They are listed as follows: 1. Hindusthan house hold factories, 2. Sarala birla factory of aroma oil, 3. Parthiban cottages aroma oil factory. The Tamil Nadu government is planning for a SIPCOT at naidumangalam and kilpennathur both near Tiruvannamalai. Arani has the factories related to rice and silk with in the town and in the Taluk area. As well, there are few other mills near Arani, such as Lakshmi Saraswathi Cotton mills Arni Pvt Ltd and some engineering industry.

Arahanthgiri Jain Math

Arahanthgiri Jain Math is a Jain math that was established at this ancient Jain site on 8 February 1998, at Thirumalai, Near Arani.[16] The complex includes three Jain caves, four Jain temples and a 16-meter-high sculpture of Neminatha thought to date from the 12th century that is the tallest Jain idol in Tamil Nadu.

Villages

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2011 Census of India" (Excel). Indian government. 16 April 2011.
  2. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  3. 1 2 "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  4. ↑ "District Census Handbook 2011 - Tiruvannamalai" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  5. ↑ "Table C-01 Population By Religion - Tamil Nadu". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  6. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  7. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  8. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  9. ↑ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above.
  10. 1 2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  11. ↑ "SIPCOT.com website". Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
  12. ↑ "TN setting up electronic hardware park". Business Line. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
  13. ↑ "TN clears M&M's 1800 cr auto project near Chennai". The Times Of India. 12 November 2009.
  14. ↑ Jagannathan, K. T. (20 January 2010). "Ashley Atleams plant inaugurated at Cheyyar". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  15. ↑ "MACHINIST - Ashley Alteams commissions Rs.130 crore manufacturing facility in Cheyyar". machinist.in. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  16. ↑ "Arihantagiri - Tirumalai". Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  17. ↑ Kurumbhur
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