Hsipaw
သီပေါမြို့
Thibaw
Town
Hsipaw
Hsipaw
Hsipaw is located in Myanmar
Hsipaw
Hsipaw
Location in Myanmar
Coordinates: 22°37′N 97°17′E / 22.617°N 97.283°E / 22.617; 97.283
Country Myanmar
State Shan State
Population
 (2005)
 • Religions
Buddhism
Time zoneUTC+6.30 (MST)

Hsipaw (Shan: သီႇပေႃႉ; Tai Nuea: ᥔᥤᥴ ᥙᥨᥝᥳ), also known as Thibaw (Burmese: သီပေါ), is the principal town of Hsipaw Township in Shan State, Myanmar on the banks of the Duthawadi River. It is 200 kilometres (120 mi) north-east of Mandalay.

History

The capital of Hsipaw was originally On Baung. From the 1450s, it was a faithful vasal of the Kingdom of Ava (1364-1527). After the fall of the latter before the Shans, a prince of On Baung, Sao Hkhun Mong, was crowned King of Ava (1543-1546). A few decades later, King Bayinnaung, who reigned in Hanthawaddy Kingdom, sent an army against On Baung, whose prince, like the other Shan princes, had to recognize his sovereignty to keep his throne (1557). The shans also had to cede part of their states, including Mogok, but the prince of On Baung obtained confirmation of his pre-eminence over the other shans princes.

The dynasty of On Baung was maintained, paying tribute to the successive Burmese dynasties: Toungoo dynasty (1535-1752) then Konbaung dynasty (1752-1885). In 1714, its capital was transferred to Hsipaw. Sao Kya Tung was his Saopha for the King of Burma Mindon Min, as a reward for his help against Pagan Min.

In February 2021, the Tatmadaw attacked the Restoration Council of Shan State’s camps in Hsipaw Township, breaking the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) according to the RCSS.[1]

Shan Saopha

Hsipaw State was perhaps one of the most well known and powerful saopha Shan States. According to the biography of Sao Nang Hearn Hkam (the chief wife, Madhidevi of Sao Shwe Thaik, the first president of Myanmar and another saopha of Hsenwi), Hsipaw, along with Kengtung and Yawnghwe were the wealthiest and most powerful saopha states in Shan State.

The Saophas played fluctuating roles in regional Shan and national Burmese politics from the 11th century all the way until the 1962 military coup by General Ne Win.

Hsipaw is famous for the Bowgoy Pagoda, situated in Bowgoy Village about 6 miles (9.7 km) away from Hsipaw.

Princes of Hsipaw

  • 58 BC Sao Hkun Hkam Saw 1st
  • Sao Hkun Hkam Naw 2nd
  • Sao Hkun Hkam Hko 3rd
  • 165–201 Sao Hkun Hkam Pan
  • 201–250 Paw Aik Phyao 9th
  • 250–252 Awk Ai Lung 10th
  • Paw Pan (Sao Hpa Lung Hkam Pan) 11th
  • Hso Pan Hpa 12th (son of Hso Hom Hpa, the saopha of Möng Mao
  • 957 Hkun Tai Hkam
  • 1058 Hso Oom Hpa 38th
  • 1395–1404 Nwe San Hpa
  • 1404–1439 Hso Kyaung Hpa 52nd
  • 1439–1460 Hso Thein Hpa
  • 1460–1473 Hkam Yat Hpa
  • 1473–1500 Hso Ku Hpa
  • 1500–1541 Hso Tamla
  • 1541–1542 Sao Hkun Möng (son of Hso Tamla)
  • 1542–1552 Hso Hom Hpa (son of Sao Hkun Möng)
  • 1552–1557 Hso Yeam Hpa (son of Hso Hom Hpa)
  • 1557–1557 Sao Kyaing Löng (Hso Bien Hpa)
  • 1557–1558 Hso Pak Hpa (son of Sao Hkun Möng)
  • 1558–1564 Hso Hkoen Hpa (son of Sao Kyaing Löng)
  • 1564–1577 Hso Saw Hpa 62nd (son of Hso Hom Hpa)
  • 1577–1593 Hso Kaw Hpa 63rd (son of Sao Hkun Möng ex-saopha of Mongpai and ex-King Mobye Narapati of Ava)
  • 1593–1626 Tap Hseng Hkam
  • 1626–1639 Hkun Hkam Hlaing 65th (son of Tap Hseng Hkam)
  • 1639–1653 Nwe Hkam Pan (son of Tap Hseng Hkam)
  • 1653–1660 Hso Kyaw Hpa (son of Nwe Hkam Pan)
  • 1660–1664 Hso Tai Hpa
  • 1664–1675 Hso Sai Hpa (son of Hso Kyaw Hpa)
  • 1675–1702 Hso Waing Hpa 70th
  • 1702–1714 Sao Okka Wara
  • 1714–1718 Sao Okka Seya
  • 1718–1722 Sao Sam Myo
  • 1722–1752 Sao Hkun Neng
  • 1752–1767 Sawra Tawta
  • 1767–1788 Sao Myat San Te
  • 1788–1809 Sao Hswe Kya
  • 1809–1843 Sao Hkun Hkwi
  • 1843–1853 Sao Hkun Paw
  • 1853–1858 Sao Kya Htun (d. 1866)
  • 1858–1866 Hkun Myat Than
  • 1866–1882 Sao Kya Hkeng (Sao Hkun Hseng deposed 1882-86) (d. 1902) 1st time
  • 1882–1886 Sao Hlaing Pa
  • Mar 1886–8 May 1902 Sao Kya Hkeng (Sao Hkun Hseng) 2nd time
  • 8 May 1902–May 1928 Sao Hkun Hke (b. 1872 - d. 1928) (from 2 Jan 1928, Sir Sao Hke)
  • 1928–Jul 1938 I Sao Ohn Kya (b. 1893 - d. 1938)
  • 1938–1947 administered by British India
  • 1947–1959 Sao Kya Hseng (b. 1924 - d. 1962)

Pretender

Climate

Climate data for Hsipaw (1981–2010 extremes 2001–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.4
(92.1)		 35.0
(95.0)		 42.3
(108.1)		 41.0
(105.8)		 42.0
(107.6)		 38.0
(100.4)		 37.0
(98.6)		 36.2
(97.2)		 38.0
(100.4)		 36.0
(96.8)		 33.0
(91.4)		 32.0
(89.6)		 42.3
(108.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27.2
(81.0)		 29.9
(85.8)		 33.4
(92.1)		 35.1
(95.2)		 33.4
(92.1)		 32.2
(90.0)		 31.4
(88.5)		 31.5
(88.7)		 31.8
(89.2)		 31.0
(87.8)		 28.7
(83.7)		 26.6
(79.9)		 31.0
(87.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7)		 9.5
(49.1)		 12.8
(55.0)		 18.1
(64.6)		 21.5
(70.7)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.4
(74.1)		 22.5
(72.5)		 20.5
(68.9)		 16.2
(61.2)		 12.0
(53.6)		 17.7
(63.9)
Record low °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2)		 5.0
(41.0)		 7.0
(44.6)		 13.8
(56.8)		 16.9
(62.4)		 21.0
(69.8)		 21.0
(69.8)		 21.0
(69.8)		 18.0
(64.4)		 13.3
(55.9)		 10.7
(51.3)		 5.0
(41.0)		 4.0
(39.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 7.3
(0.29)		 21.5
(0.85)		 30.1
(1.19)		 65.8
(2.59)		 159.9
(6.30)		 183.3
(7.22)		 329.3
(12.96)		 336.3
(13.24)		 194.3
(7.65)		 78.6
(3.09)		 48.6
(1.91)		 12.6
(0.50)		 1,467.6
(57.78)
Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[2]

References

  1. ↑ "Burma Army Undermines Peace Agreement, RCSS Says". 12 February 2021.
  2. ↑ "Myanmar Climate Report" (PDF). Norwegian Meteorological Institute. pp. 23–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
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