A display of the 14 tribal flags in Eyre Square, Galway

The Tribes of Galway (Irish: Treibheanna na Gaillimhe) were 14 merchant families who dominated the political, commercial and social life of the city of Galway in western Ireland between the mid-13th and late 19th centuries. They were the families of Athy, Blake, Bodkin, Browne, Darcy/D’Arcy, Deane, Font, French, Joyce, Kirwan, Lynch, Martyn, Morris and Skerritt. Of the 14 families, 12 were of Anglo Norman origin, while two—the Darcy (Ó Dorchaidhe) and Kirwan (Ó Ciardhubháin) families—were Normanised Irish Gaels.[1]

History

The Tribes were merchant families who prospered from trade with continental Europe. They dominated Galway's municipal government during the medieval and early modern eras.[2]

The Tribes distinguished themselves from the Gaelic peoples who lived in the hinterland of the city. Many of these families spoke Irish as a second or even first language. However, the feared suppression of their common faith joined both groups together as Irish Catholics after the Irish Rebellion of 1641. During the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1653), Galway took the side of the Confederate Catholics. Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, the English government punished the Tribes. Galway was besieged and after it surrendered in April 1652, the Tribes had to face the confiscation of their property by the New Model Army.

The Tribes lost much of their power within Galway city after English Parliamentarians took over the Galway Corporation in 1654. Cromwell's forces referred to them by the derogatory name, "The Tribes of Galway", which the families later adopted as a mark of defiance.[3]

Galway's urban elite gained a restoration of some of their power during the reign of the King Charles II (1660–1685) and his successor James II. However, Jacobite defeat in the War of the Two Kings (1689–91), marked the end of the Tribes' once overwhelming political influence on the life of the city. Power passed to the small Protestant population. Garrison members of the Tribes who owned land in Galway and Mayo were protected by the advantageous surrender provisions that were signed on 22 July 1691.

Notable members

Athy

Blake

Bodkin

Browne

Darcy/D’Arcy (Ó Dorchaidhe)

Deane

Font (ffont)

French (ffrench)

Joyce

Kirwan (Ó Ciardhubháin)

Lynch

Martin (Ó Máirtín)

Morris

Skerrett

Modern use

Similar to the nicknames used for other Irish counties, Galway city and county and its people are known as the tribesmen. This nickname is derived from this term.[5]

The tribes also lend their names to 14 of the roundabouts in or around the boundaries of Galway city. The roundabouts are signposted on navy blue signs containing the tribe's name in the Irish language.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ O'Sullivan, M.D. (1983). Old Galway: the history of a Norman colony in Ireland (reprint ed.). Kennys Bookshops & Art Galleries. p. 17.
  2. ↑ O'Sullivan, M.D. (1983). Old Galway: the history of a Norman colony in Ireland (reprint ed.). Kennys Bookshops & Art Galleries. p. 3. ISBN 978-0906312216.
  3. ↑ Hardiman, James (1820). The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway. Dublin: W. Folds and Sons. pp. 6–7.
  4. ↑ "Sir Laurence Kirwan". The Guardian. 21 April 1999. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  5. ↑ Hughes, Martin (2007). Irish language & culture. Oakland, California: Lonely Planet. p. 196. ISBN 9781740595773.
  6. ↑ "Galway, the city of tribes and developers". The Irish Times. 9 November 2004. Retrieved 25 June 2023.

Bibliography

  • Henry, William, Role of Honour:The Mayors of Galway City 1485–2001Galway, 2002. ISBN 0-906312-50-7
  • Martyn, Adrian, The Tribes of Galway:1124–1642, Galway, 2016. ISBN 978-0-9955025-0-5
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