The Girl's Realm was a sixpenny monthly magazine[1]: 127 , published by Hutchinson that ran for seventeen volumes from November 1898 to November 1915.[2][note 1]

Publishing history

In August 1898 it was announced that Hutchinson was to launch a magazine for young gentlewomen which would "reflect everything of interest to girlhood" and be up-to-date, bright, amusing, interesting and instructive.[4] The new magazine was intended to be a companion to The Lady's Realm,[5]: 166  also owned by Hutchinson, which had been launched in 1896.[3]: 166 

The first issue of The Girls' Realm was published in November 1898 with the Irish journalist and children's author Alice Corkran as both a contributor and editor.[6][7] The first edition had 140 illustrations and 25 articles printed on art paper and was well reviewed.[8][9] The Daily News of 26 October 1898, stated the issue: [6]

  • far out-distances anything of the kind hitherto offered – World
  • The variety in this number is extraordinary. . . The public reflects great credit on all concerned in its production... – Daily News:
  • appears to mix all the desirable ingredients of a girl's reading in happy proportion. – Queen

Other reviewers were similarly positive:

  • We have read this new venture and can most cordially recommend it – Elgin Courant, and Morayshire Advertiser.[10]
  • . . . a very promising initial number – Bristol Mercury[11]

The first edition offered "many valuable prizes" including two Swift bicycles (worth £50 the pair) a Singer Sewing machine (worth £16) and other prizes.[12] One of the competitions was for the translation into English, from French, of a story by Madame Darmesteter.[10]

Corkran was the editor for three years, resigning in early 1902 but remained involved with the magazine as a contributor and as the founder and guiding spirit of the Guild of Service and Good Fellowship.[13][14][15]

The magazine ceased to be an independent publication in 1915. Several other women's journals closed at the same time including The Lady's Realm (November 1896 – October 1914), the 'parent' of Girl's Realm, Hearth and Home (1891 – 1914), and Young Woman (1892 – 1915).[16] The Girl's Realm was bought in 1915 and combined with Woman at Home to become Woman at Home and Girl's Realm, and in 1917 it was jointly owned by George Newnes and Hodder and Stoughton.[17] The reason for the merger was the paper shortage in World War I.[18] Given the focus of the magazine on modern girlhood outside the home, it must have been a difficult fit with Woman at Home.

Audience

The Girl's realm differed from earlier magazines that targeted middle-class girls. It was self consciously modern and promoted education, modern pastimes such as photography and physical activity for girls. It encouraged girls to do things beyond the domestic sphere with regular features on girl's schools, sport, and modern hobbies.[1]: 278-9  The magazine established itself as a thoroughly modern publication from its inception.[5]: 165 

In A Chat with the Girl of the Period in Volume 1 of the magazine[note 2] Alice Corcoran defined here audience when she wrote to her readers that the modern girl is tired of being taken to see her brother play football, she wants to kick at it herself . . . is tired of living in a doll's house . . . will never take a back seat . . . claims that she has as much right to a good education as her brothers . . . wants to lead a professional life. [19]: 85 

Class was always an underlying issue. The Bristol Mercury complained of the first issue that it was absurd for one writer to talk of a girl of 17 being given a dress allowance of £100 as this would not be typical of the intended readership.[11]

The 1901 competition

On the third anniversary of the magazine Corkran launched a competition for which the first prize was a Swift bicycle (worth £22). Readers had to cut out a coupon and send it in with their vote for whichever of fourteen women they considered to be their favourite character. When the magazine got their vote, they sent out a further 25 coupons so the reader could canvas for more votes among other girls that they knew, the object of the competition was to introduce the magazine to as many potential readers as possible.[1]: 284  All girls who submitted 25 votes got a small silver charm. The winner of the competition, A. Mary Field, of Highgate, had collected 3,242 votes, through working via a network of headmistresses of girl's schools. The magazine was so pleased with the success of the competition that they added another 19 consolation prizes to the 34 prizes initially advertised, so that every girl who collected over 400 votes would be rewarded.[1]: 284-5 

In all, 2,876 girls participated in the competition and between them they submitted over 300,000 votes. The fourteen characters covered a broad range of endeavours.

Results of the Girl's Realm voting competition.
CharacterNo of Girlsas %No. Votesas %
1Florence Nightingale. the founder of modern nursing.1,18041.03%120,77640.17%
2Grace Darling. the lighthouse keepers daughter who rowed out with her father to rescue people from shipwreck.65122.64%67,60922.49%
3Joan of Arc. the Maid of Orléans, a French hero of the Hundred Years' War57620.03%62,80320.89%
4Flora MacDonald. who helped Bonnie Prince Charlie evade capture after the Battle of Culloden.1224.24%11,9473.97%
5Elizabeth Fry. the Quaker and prison reformer.812.82%7,5042.50%
6Alice Ayres. a nursemaid who died after rescuing her charges from a fire.491.70%5,1031.70%
7Frances Mary Buss. a pioneer of women's education381.32%6,1422.04%
8Lady Hallé. a virtuoso violinist, chamber musician, and teacher.341.18%4,0641.35%
9Harriet Beecher Stowe. the American abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.331.15%3,9411.31%
10Rosa Bonheur. a French artist, widely consider to be the most famous female painter of the 19th century321.11%3,0821.03%
11Jenny Lind. a popular Swedish opera singer.280.97%2,9480.98%
12Mrs Siddons. the Welsh-born English actress, the best-known tragedienne of the 18th century.210.73%1,8760.62%
13Elizabeth Barrett Browning. an English poet who married the poet and playwright Robert Browning.190.66%1,7680.59%
14Baroness Burdett-Coutts. one of the wealthiest women in England who spent most of her wealth on philanthropy.120.42%1,0980.37%
15Total2,876300,661

The Girl's Realm Guild

One of the innovations of the magazine was the magazine's Guild of Service and Good Fellowship. The guild was founded in April 1900 by Alice Corkran and charged a nominal subscription to members. The guild supported a cot at the Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, and also provided a scholarship to the Royal College of Music. Other activities included providing Christmas treats, one in Bethnal Green for 117 children and one in Kensal Green for 360 children, with the Guild members themselves providing the presents.[20] The guild had over 2,300 members by 1905.[21]

Fund-raising events included tableaux vivant at Covent Garden in 1909, opened by the Duchess of Connaught and featuring Royal personages in the tableaux.[22] In 1911 the Guild was fundraising for the King Edward Memorial Cottage where girl workers of gentle birth and limited means could take a holiday, either as invited guests or by paying a small contribution.[23] By 1912, the Guild's trust fund was said to be distributing £450 annually and that more than 100 girls had benefited.[24] The objective of the trust was not said to be that of assisting needy girls of gentle birth to acquire a profession al training.[25]

The Guild survived the closure of the magazine, and fund-raising continued, including a Gilbert and Sullivan Bazaar at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square on 26 and 27 November 1920.[26] The same venue was the scene of another fundraiser All in a Garden Fair on 22 and 23 November 1922. The Girl's Realm Guild office was at 2 Harrington Gardens in 1928, when it was selling tickets for the revival of L'Enfant Prodique, a French mime play, presumably a fund-raising event.[27]

Notes

  1. ↑ Muddiman has the magazine as launching in 1898 and being in progress, that is, still in publication in 1920.[3]: 169  However he also lists Girl's Realm with the first issue on 29 February 1908, and the final issue on 27 February 1915, at which stage it was combined with Our Girls.[3]: 195 
  2. ↑ Probably January or February 1899, as it was on page 216 of the volume.[19]: 84 

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Rodgers, Beth (2012). "Competing Girlhoods: Competition, Community, and Reader Contribution in ""The Girl's Own Paper"" and ""The Girl's Realm""". Victorian Periodicals Review. 45 (3): 277–300. doi:10.1353/vpr.2012.0033. JSTOR 41638148. S2CID 144932213. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via JSTOR.
  2. ↑ Watson, George, ed. (1969). The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature. Vol. 3: 1800-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 1854. ISBN 0-521-07255-7. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The Internet Archive.
  3. 1 2 3 Muddiman, Joseph George; Austin, Roland (1905-04-03). Tercentenary handlist of English & Welsh newspapers, magazines & reviews. London. Retrieved 2020-07-25 – via The Internet Archive. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ↑ "Here, There, and Everywhere". Westminster Gazette (Tuesday 30 August 1898): 8. 1898-08-30. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  5. 1 2 Moruzi, Kristine (2016-05-23). Constructing Girlhood through the Periodical Press, 1850-1915. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-16150-9. Retrieved 2020-09-01 – via Google Books.
  6. 1 2 "Advertisement by Hutchinson". The Daily News (Wednesday 26 October 1898): 7. 1898-10-26. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  7. ↑ "Social Record". Hull Daily Mail (Friday 07 October 1898): 2. 1898-10-07. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ↑ "London Correspondence". North British Daily Mail (Saturday 08 October 1898): 5. 1898-10-08. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  9. ↑ "Advertisement by Hutchinson". Westminster Gazette (Wednesday 28 September 1898): 3. 1898-09-28. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  10. 1 2 "The October Magazines". Elgin Courant, and Morayshire Advertiser (Tuesday 11 October 1898): 7. 1898-10-11. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  11. 1 2 "Magazines for October". Bristol Mercury (Wednesday 19 October 1898): 3. 1898-10-19. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ↑ "Advertisement by Hutchinson". Truth (Thursday 06 October 1898): 6. 1898-10-06. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  13. ↑ "Jottings of a Journalist by C. K. S.". The Tatler (Wednesday 09 April 1902): 33. 1902-04-09. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  14. ↑ "Christmas Carols". Mid Sussex Times (Tuesday 16 December 1902): 7. 1902-12-16.
  15. ↑ "The Woman at Home". Globe (Friday 07 April 1916): 6. 1916-04-07.
  16. ↑ Versteeg, Margaret; Thomas, Sue; Huddleston, Joan. "The Lady's Realm – Indexes to Fiction". Victorian Fiction Research Guides. Retrieved 2020-08-27.
  17. ↑ Simmonds, H. (1917). The Street of Ink, an Intimate History of Journalism. London: Cassell and Company, Ltd. p. 290. hdl:2027/umn.31951001793405x. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The Hathi Trust (access may be limited outside the United States).
  18. ↑ Moruzi, Kristine (2015-05-29). "Doing their Bit: The Great War and Transnationalism in Girls' Fiction". In Bradford, Clare; Reimer, Mavis (eds.). Girls, Texts, Cultures. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-77112-021-0. Retrieved 2020-09-02 – via Google Books.
  19. 1 2 Beethan, Margaret; Boardman, Kay, eds. (2001). Victorian women's magazines: An anthology. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5879-0. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via Google Books.
  20. ↑ "The Girl's Realm Guild". The Queen (Saturday 21 September 1901): 29. 1901-09-21. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ↑ "Girl's Realm Guild". The Queen (Saturday 21 January 1905): 28. 1905-01-21. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ↑ "Society Tableaux at Covent Garden". The Tatler (Wednesday 08 December 1909): 13. 1909-12-08. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ↑ "Queen Alexandra". The Queen (Saturday 04 March 1911): 80. 1911-03-04. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  24. ↑ "Bazaar of Many Nations". The Queen (Saturday 11 May 1912): 41. 1912-05-11. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  25. ↑ "Bazaar of Many Nations". The Queen (Saturday 27 April 1912): 68. 1912-04-27. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  26. ↑ "Notes from Here and There". The Tatler (Wednesday 22 September 1920): 46. 1920-09-22. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  27. ↑ "Notes from Here and There". The Tatler (Wednesday 15 February 1928): 64. 1928-02-15. Retrieved 2020-08-27 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
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