Television is one of the most popular forms of media and information in Bangladesh.[1] It was one of the first countries in South Asia to introduce television on 25 December 1964, in the then East Pakistan under the state-owned television network Pakistan Television Corporation in its capital, Dhaka. After the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, the Dhaka television station of PTV was renamed to Bangladesh Television, which had a monopoly on the country's television industry until 1997, with the launch of ATN Bangla on satellite television. Since then, the number of privately owned television channels saw a tremendous rise in the Bangladeshi television market.

As of 2019, 64% of households in Bangladesh had a television set,[2] with cable television dominating the pay television market there.[3] This is a tremendous increase compared to the data from 1975, when less than 0.2% of Bangladeshi households had a television set.[4]

Bangladesh Television currently serves as the sole television broadcaster provided on terrestrial television,[1] as Ekushey Television, formerly provided on terrestrial from its launch in 2000, was shut down two years later, although it did resume broadcasting later but on satellite television.[5] All television sets in Bangladesh shall be licensed for ownership.[6] Bangladesh has a total of thirty-nine television channels currently on the air, thirty-five of which are privately owned. Several television channels were even taken off the air. Pirate television stations have also existed in Bangladesh.[7]

History

Early ages

Masuma Khatun in Pakistan Television's studios in Dacca, 1970

Television programming in the then East Pakistan was first commenced in 1964, when Pakistan Television established a television station in Dacca, the first after Lahore, and broadcast from the DIT Bhaban on a four hour basis. On 4 March 1971, PTV's Dacca television station was unofficially renamed to "Dhaka Television", and on 23 March, it began showing the flag of Bangladesh and playing the national anthem of Bangladesh and several pro-Bangladesh songs, as a part of the station to join the struggle for independence from Pakistan.[8] After the independence of Bangladesh, the station was immediately renamed to Bangladesh Television, and became a government owned entity. In 1975, Bangladesh Television moved its studios and facilities in a newly built headquarters in Rampura.

Bangladesh Television had established fourteen relay terrestrial television stations up to 2003, the first one being in Natore in 1974, which cover up to more than 90% of Bangladesh's territory[9] Bangladesh Television was the first television station in the region of South Asia to commence full-time color broadcasts in December 1980,[4] followed by Pakistan Television of Pakistan and Doordarshan of India in 1982.[9] As Bangladesh Television was the only television channel available in the country at the time, its viewership and popularity soared.

Rise of satellite television

Satellite television was introduced in Bangladesh in 1992, with over ten foreign channels having presence in the country at the time.[10] The first Bengali-language satellite television channel based in Bangladesh, ATN Bangla, was launched in 1997, followed by Channel i in 1999.[11] Satellite television saw a tremendous increase in popularity among Bangladeshis at that period, and thus, Bangladesh Television began to stagnate.

The headquarters of Ekushey Television, Bangladesh's only privately owned terrestrial television network until its closure in 2002.

As a privately owned terrestrial television network in Bangladesh did not exist at the time, A.S. Mahmud, along with the UK-based Simon Dring, had plans to establish Ekushey Television in the late 1990s.[12] It was officially launched on 14 April 2000, and quickly gained widespread popularity around Bangladesh.[13] However, the channel was forced to cease all transmissions in 2002, shortly after the BNP government took over,[14] leaving BTV the sole Bangladeshi television network to broadcast on terrestrial television today, even though Ekushey Television did resume broadcasting but on satellite television in 2007. During Ekushey Television's closure, Bangladesh saw a significant increase in privately owned television channels.

NTV was the first among them to be launched in 2003, followed by RTV and Boishakhi Television in 2005, and Channel 1 and Banglavision in 2006. However, several television channels were short-lived and were shut down by the government, such as ATV, TEN, Ruposhi Bangla (not to be confused with the unrelated Indian channel of the same name), Sonar Bangla, and Falguni. In 2009, Jamuna Television began test transmissions, and was later shut down by the BTRC for broadcasting after its license had already been expired, though it would later return to the air in 2014.[15]

A DSNG van of Jamuna Television, a Bangladeshi news channel.

In 2007, Bangladesh's first exclusively news channel, CSB News, went on the air, but was later shut down after airing footages of anti-government protests.[16] The number of news channels in Bangladesh, however, tremendously rose, with the launch of ATN News and Independent Television, and test broadcasts of Somoy in 2010, and later its official broadcasts in 2011. It was later decided by the Government of Bangladesh in 2009 to rule Bangladesh Television as the only television broadcaster in Bangladesh to legally broadcast on terrestrial television.[17] On 27 April 2010, Channel 1 was shut down by the BTRC due to illegal activity.[18] On 30 July 2011, Maasranga Television, Bangladesh's first high definition television channel, began operations.[19] On 21 June 2012, Ekattor, Bangladesh's first news channel broadcasting in full HD was launched.

On 6 May 2013, Diganta Television and Islamic TV were obliged to cease all transmissions by the BTRC.[20] On 27 June 2013, ULAB established the first student television station in Bangladesh, ULAB TV.[21] On 2 December 2014, Bangladesh's first music-oriented television channel, Channel 16, was accused of illegally broadcasting via an Israeli satellite and even after its license had already been expired, and left unrenewed, and demanded the channel to shut down.[22][23]

The country's first children's television channel, Duronto TV, was launched on 5 October 2017.[24] In May 2019, BEXIMCO launched Akash DTH, Bangladesh's first DTH satellite television provider.[25][26] On 2 October 2019, all Bangladeshi television channels began broadcasting via the Bangabandhu-1 satellite.[27] During the COVID-19 pandemic, both BTV and Sangsad Television broadcast live educational lessons for primary and secondary level students.[28] On 9 November 2020, Bangladesh's first sports-oriented television channel, T Sports, began broadcasting.[29] On 30 July 2021, Nexus Television, Bangladesh's first non-fiction infotainment television channel, began operations.[30] Coinciding the Bangladeshi Victory Day on 16 December 2021, business-related Spice Television began test transmissions.[31] The channel later officially began transmissions on 9 June 2022 as Ekhon.[32] On 30 June 2022, Global Television began transmissions.[33]

Digital television in Bangladesh

State-owned Bangladesh Television began test transmissions on digital terrestrial television in Dhaka, Chittagong, and Khulna on 25 January 2011.[34] Bangladesh adopted the DVB-T system for digital television broadcasts in 2014.[35] On 4 November 2021, as a part of the Digital Bangladesh campaign, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting urged all cable operators to provide set-top boxes. All satellite television channels in Dhaka and Chittagong were announced to be migrated to digital satellite television by 30 November. It was also announced that by 31 December 2021, all divisional and metropolitan cities of Bangladesh, along with Jessore, Gazipur, Narayanganj, Tangail, and Pabna, will switch over to digital satellite television, but this decision was later delayed by the High Court of Bangladesh.[36][37][38]

The government later announced that the installation of set-top boxes to stream television channels will be made obligatory in all divisional and metropolitan areas by 1 June 2022.[39] This decision was postponed again by the High Court for three more months on 31 May 2022.[40][41]

List of television channels

Bangladesh Television is the state-owned television broadcaster of Bangladesh

The Government of Bangladesh has permitted 45 local privately owned television channels to broadcast as of 2019,[42] of which 35 channels are currently broadcasting. All of the private television channels in Bangladesh broadcast solely on satellite and cable television, and BTV Dhaka, BTV Chittagong, and Sangsad Television are the only three television channels in the entire country that broadcast on terrestrial television.[43] Bangladesh Television broadcasts nationwide terrestrially via its fourteen relay stations.

State-owned Bangladesh Television, the owner of BTV Dhaka and BTV Chittagong, is the oldest television broadcaster in Bangladesh, having to be founded in 1971. For a brief period of time, Ekushey Television was the first and only privately owned terrestrial channel in the country, and was also the first of its kind in South Asia,[12] until its closure in 2002. Bangladesh has four state-owned television channels, which are BTV Dhaka, BTV Chittagong, BTV World, and Sangsad Television, the country's parliamentary television channel. The network announced to establish six more television stations in the future. In total, there are 38 television channels currently on-air in Bangladesh.

State television channels

  • BTV National - Bangladesh's oldest and the main television station of Bangladesh Television, went on air on 25 December 1964 under Pakistan Television. Renamed to Bangladesh Television after Bangladesh's independence. Mostly branded on air as 'BTV'.
  • BTV Chattogram - BTV's first regional television station, established on 19 December 1996, initially broadcasting for one and half hour. Over the years, its broadcast time had significantly increased, and began broadcasting on a full-day basis on 19 December 2021.
  • BTV World - Relays BTV Dhaka's transmissions worldwide via satellite television, launched in 2004.
  • Sangsad Television - Bangladesh's parliamentary television channel, launched in 2011. It broadcasts live from the Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban.

Private television channels

Bangladesh has a high number of mixed entertainment television channels, namely ATN Bangla, Channel i, Ekushey Television, NTV, RTV, Boishakhi Television, Banglavision, My TV, Mohona Television, Deepto TV, Nagorik, and many more. It also has several news channels, which are ATN News, Ekattor, Somoy TV, DBC News, Independent Television, Jamuna Television, News24, and Channel 24. Bangladesh has one television channel dedicated to other specific genres, such as Gaan Bangla for music programming, Duronto TV for children's programming, T Sports for sports programming, Nexus Television for non-fiction programming,[44] and Ekhon for business programming.

Several unlicensed television stations, namely Bengali Movie SK TV, Channel 5, Channel 7, DM TV, Movie Bangla TV, Bangla Music TV, SB TV, Ctg TV, Ananda Bangla TV, CTN TV, and Rang TV, have existed in Bangladesh.[7][45]

Foreign television in Bangladesh

The first presence of foreign television in Bangladesh occurred in 1992, when Bangladesh Television began relaying CNN and BBC broadcasts. Later, satellite television was introduced in the country, with citizens gaining access to foreign television channels for the first time. Prior to that, wealthy families in Bangladesh illegally had access to foreign television via satellite or cable television smuggled from the country's border with India.[46] Foreign television channels, typically the ones from India, such as Star Plus, Star Jalsha, and Zee Bangla,[47][48] broadcast in clean feed after being obliged to do so since October 2021.[49] The broadcast of Bangladeshi advertisements in foreign television channels is prohibited according to the Cable Television Network (Regulation) Act of 2006.[50] As of December 2020, the Government of Bangladesh has approved 90 foreign channels to broadcast in the country.[51]

However, there were numerous cases of Bangladesh banning foreign television channels. Several of them were accused of negative affects towards Bangladesh's social and religious values, so they were banned by the government in 2002, but their bans have been lifted over time.[52][53] Later, on 29 July 2006, all satellite and cable television channels went off air in Bangladesh, but all besides thirteen Indian ones resumed broadcasting over time.[54] In 2007, ten satellite television channels, including FashionTV, were banned in Bangladesh after being accused of airing obscene content.[55] In February 2013, fearing the rise of the Hindi language among children in Bangladesh, the government banned the Indian feeds of Disney Channel and Disney XD, along with Turner-owned Pogo, from broadcasting in the country. They were also accused of doing so without authorization.[56][57] After the July 2016 Dhaka attack, UAE-based Peace TV and Peace TV Bangla were banned by the Government of Bangladesh.[58]

In 2017, Bangladesh's high court rejected a 2014 proposal to ban three Indian channels, which are the aforementioned Star Jalsha, Star Plus, and Zee Bangla.[59][60] Due to them broadcasting local Bangladeshi commercials, worth 10 billion BDT, the government imposed a blackout on all channels owned by India-based Zee Entertainment Enterprises in Bangladesh on 2 April 2019, although they would later resume broadcasts there a day later.[61][62] After failing to resolve their dispute with Jadoo Vision Ltd. and for using various excuses to avoid paying their dues, cable operators have temporarily shut Star India channels in November 2020.[63]

On 2 October 2021, cable operators in Bangladesh imposed a blackout on several foreign television channels that did not provide clean feeds, constituted in a 2006 policy. Cable operators have already been informed about foreign channels without clean feeds in August. However, on 5 October 2021, the foreign channels resumed broadcasting in Bangladesh via clean feeds.[64][65][66] Later, eleven of them were temporarily blacked out again for sneakingly airing commercials during breaks.[67] In March 2022, due to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, cable operators in Bangladesh blacked out Russian state-owned RT without notice.[68]

Television providers

Satellite dish of Akash DTH in Dhaka
Provider Owner Began operations Satellite or cable
Akash DTH[69] BEXIMCO 2019 Satellite
Bengal Digital[70] Bengal Communication Limited 2016 Cable
Jadoo Digital[71] Digi Jadoo 2016 Cable
United Communication Services[72] 2003 Cable

Internet television

The BTRC only allows licensed internet service providers to broadcast television channels over the internet. In October 2016, the BTRC blocked internet protocol television and video on demand services in Bangladesh, which were gaining popularity among urban people, although the ban was lifted two years later in 2018.[73][74] In 2019, BDCOM Online Ltd launched the first IPTV service in Bangladesh.[75] The RAB raided the headquarters of the IPTV channel Joyjatra Television on 30 July 2021 after the arrest of Helena Jahangir, the channel's owner, and found no valid documents, and demanded for the channel's shutdown.[76] Prior to their shutdown in September 2021, around 59 IPTV channels have been broadcasting illegally in Bangladesh without valid licenses.[77][78] Later, in November 2021, fourteen IPTV channels gained approval from the government to broadcast.[79]

List of IPTV channels

Channel name Notes Source(s)
BNvoice TV [79]
Chdnews24 TV [79]
Deshbandhu TV [79]
FlixsrkTV [79]
HerNet TV The first women's oriented Bangladeshi IPTV channel; launched on 22 July 2019 [80]
Jagaran TV Launched on 13 June 2021 [81]
Jagarani TV [79]
JATVBD [79]
Mati Entertainment TV [79]
Movie Bangla TV [79]
News21bangla TV [79]
Rajdhani TV [79]
Ruposhi Bangla TV [79]
Shobuyprime TV [79]

References

  1. 1 2 "Bangladesh Television, Local TV". Bangladesh.com. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Beximco Communications Delivers A New World Of TV Entertainment To Bangladesh". Forbes. 21 September 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "Al Jazeera English Channel on Bangladesh's first-ever DTH platform". Al Jazeera. 29 July 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  4. 1 2 "The Power of Television". The Daily Star. May 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  5. ↑ "Bangladesh's ETV resumes telecast as ban ends". Reuters. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  6. ↑ "Govt revises television licence fees". Dhaka Tribune. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  7. 1 2 Mehedi, Rashed (17 February 2016). অবৈধ টিভি চ্যানেলের রমরমা বাণিজ্য. Samakal. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  8. ↑ Shagor, Faridur Reza (8 November 2014). "Bangladesh Television in the 70s". The Daily Star. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  9. 1 2 Al Faruk, Abdullah (2 June 2019). বাংলাদেশে টেলিভিশনের অগ্রযাত্রার কথা. Techtunes (in Bengali). Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  10. ↑ "Satellite TV Channel". Banglapedia. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  11. ↑ "About Us". Channel i. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  12. 1 2 Chowdhury, Afsan (1 June 1999). "Move over BTV". Himal Southasian. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  13. ↑ Deepita, Novera (2006). "From BTV to ETV and beyond: The television revolution". The Daily Star.
  14. ↑ Lawson, Alastair (2 July 2002). "Blow for Bangladesh TV station". BBC. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  15. ↑ Haroon, K M (11 October 2012). নতুন নতুন টিভি চ্যানেল: অদক্ষতা ও অপরিকল্পনার অভিন্ন কোরাস. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
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  17. ↑ টেরেস্ট্রিয়াল সুবিধা একমাত্র বিটিভির. BBC Bangla (in Bengali). 27 April 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
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  19. ↑ "Maasranga Television goes on air". The Daily Star. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  20. ↑ "Diganta, Islamic TV taken off air". bdnews24.com. 6 May 2013.
  21. ↑ "First Campus TV launced at ULAB". The Daily Star. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
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  24. ↑ "First children's TV channel 'Duronto' starts its journey". Dhaka Tribune. 6 October 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  25. ↑ "Beximco launches DTH service Akash". The Daily Star. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  26. ↑ টিভি দেখার নতুন অভিজ্ঞতা. Prothom Alo. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  27. ↑ বঙ্গবন্ধু স্যাটেলাইটে আজ থেকে সব টিভি চ্যানেলের সম্প্রচার. Ekushey Television. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  28. ↑ "BTV, Sangsad TV to air lessons for secondary level students from Sunday". Dhaka Tribune. 28 March 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  29. ↑ খেলা দেখুন টি-স্পোর্টসে (in Bengali). Kaler Kantho. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  30. ↑ যাত্রা শুরু করল নেক্সাস টেলিভিশন. The Daily Star (in Bengali). 30 July 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  31. ↑ স্পাইস টিভি পরীক্ষামূলক সম্প্রচার শুরু করছে আজ. Barta24 (in Bengali). 17 December 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  32. ↑ যাত্রা শুরু করলো দেশের প্রথম ব্যবসাকেন্দ্রিক টিভি ‘এখন’. Jago News 24 (in Bengali). 10 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  33. ↑ পূর্ণাঙ্গ সম্প্রচারে গ্লোবাল টেলিভিশন. GlobalTVBD (in Bengali). 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  34. ↑ "BTV At a Glance". Bangladesh Television. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  35. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ↑ "Govt urges dish cable users to install set top box by November 30". Dhaka Tribune. 4 November 2021. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  37. ↑ Sultana, Marium (7 November 2021). "Cable operators in dilemma on switch to digital system by Nov 30". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  38. ↑ "HC postpones Govt's decision to set up TV set-top box". The Business Standard. 22 November 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  39. ↑ "Set-top box for cable TV mandatory from 1 April". The Business Standard. 1 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  40. ↑ ‘সেট টপ বক্স’ স্থাপনের সিদ্ধান্তে ফের স্থগিতাদেশ. BDNews24 (in Bengali). 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  41. ↑ "HC grants three more months for converting to digital set-top boxes". The Business Standard. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  42. ↑ সম্প্রচারের অপেক্ষায় ১১টি টিভি চ্যানেল. Prothom Alo. 18 November 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  43. ↑ ৫৮তম বর্ষে এইচডি সম্প্রচারে বিটিভি. Banglanews24.com (in Bengali). 25 December 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
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  47. ↑ "Why 3 Indian channels' telecast won't be stopped: HC". The Daily Star. 19 October 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  48. ↑ "60pc Bangladeshi women watch 'Star Jalsha'". The Daily Star. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
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  50. ↑ "Govt bans local ads on downlinked foreign TV channels". Daily Bangladesh. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
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  52. ↑ "Bangladesh pulls plug on foreign channels". BBC. 19 May 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  53. ↑ "Bangladesh lifts TV ban". BBC. 20 May 2002. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  54. ↑ "Bangladesh bans 13 Indian channels". The Times of India. 10 August 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  55. ↑ "Bangladesh bans 10 foreign TV channels". Reuters. 25 April 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  56. ↑ "Bangladesh bans cartoons to halt Hindi invasion". Hindustan Times. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  57. ↑ "Govt slaps ban on Hindi-dubbed Doraemon telecast". BDNews24. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  58. ↑ "Bangladesh to ban Islamic TV channel, Peace TV". BBC. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  59. ↑ "No restrictions on telecast of Indian TV channels in Bangladesh". BDNews24. 29 January 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  60. ↑ "Writ seeking ban on Indian 3 TV channels rejected". JagoNews24. 29 January 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  61. ↑ 'জি’ নেটওয়ার্কের সব চ্যানেল বাংলাদেশে বন্ধ. Jugantor. 2 April 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  62. ↑ "ZEE TV channels back on air after 24-hour blackout in Bangladesh". BDNews24.com. 3 April 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  63. ↑ "Bangladesh cable operators take Star Group channels off air". BDNews24. 5 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  64. ↑ Kamruzzaman, Md. (2 October 2021). "Dozens of foreign television stations in Bangladesh go black". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  65. ↑ "Everything you wanted to know about clean feed but were afraid to ask". Dhaka Tribune. 4 October 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  66. ↑ "Bangladesh resumes broadcast of 24 foreign TV channels". The Financial Express. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  67. ↑ শুরু হয়ে আবার বন্ধ ১১ বিদেশী চ্যানেলের সম্প্রচার. The Sangbad (in Bengali). 6 October 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  68. ↑ Abdullah, Mamun (10 March 2022). হঠাৎই বাংলাদেশে রুশ চ্যানেল আরটি’র সম্প্রচার বন্ধ. Dhaka Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  69. ↑ "Beximco launches DTH service Akash". The Daily Star. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  70. ↑ 'বেঙ্গল ডিজিটাল সেট টপ বক্সে'র যাত্রা শুরু. Prothom Alo. 19 January 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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  72. ↑ "About". United Communication Services. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  73. ↑ "IPTV services to be blocked". The Daily Star. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  74. ↑ "IPTV, video on demand available again". The Daily Star. 14 December 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  75. ↑ "First IPTV launches". The Daily Star. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  76. ↑ "RAB: No valid documents for Helena Jahangir's Joyjatra IP TV office". Dhaka Tribune. 30 July 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  77. ↑ "BTRC shuts 59 unregistered, illegal IPTVs". Dhaka Tribune. 19 September 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  78. ↑ "59 unlicensed IPTV channels shut down". The Daily Star. 20 September 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  79. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "14 IPTV channels get conditional approval". The Daily Star. 8 November 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  80. ↑ নারী বিষয়ক অনলাইন টিভি 'হারনেট'-এর যাত্রা. Samakal (in Bengali). 23 July 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
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