2010

Van Garderen came to a team with the most wins in 2009 thanks to prolific sprinters Mark Cavendish and André Greipel. He finished 9th in his first stage race, the Volta ao Algarve, climbing to 5th place on the third stage to the Alto do Malhão summit. In the Tour of Turkey, he came second on two stages and second overall, 29 seconds behind Giovanni Visconti. Van Garderen supported leader Michael Rogers over the 6th and 8th stages of the Tour of California; he finished 28th overall and Rogers won. Van Garderen started the Critérium du Dauphiné as joint leader of Team HTC–Columbia with Kanstantsin Sivtsov and Peter Velits. After nearly upsetting Alberto Contador in the prologue, he came 4th in the Stage 3 time trial to move to 2nd overall. He lost time on mountain stages and finished 3rd. Van Garderen rode a strong Vuelta a España with having a very strong first 2 weeks of the race. His level of performance dropped after that but was still a valuable domestique to Velits, who went on to third place overall in the race.

2011

In 2011, van Garderen got second place on stage 3 of the Volta ao Algarve^[13] and second place in the opening time trial in the Tour de Suisse, behind Fabian Cancellara of Leopard Trek.^[14] His strong showing in the Tour of California also earned him the best young rider jersey. He was chosen to be a part of the Tour de France squad. This was van Garderen's first Tour de France and he was riding in support of Tony Martin and Peter Velits.^[15] In stage 8, van Garderen won enough points on a Category 2 climb to earn a King of the Mountains jersey and Most Aggressive Rider honors. He was the first American to wear the King of the Mountains jersey in the history of the Tour de France – Greg LeMond briefly led the mountains classification during the 1986 Tour de France, but since he was also the overall leader at the time, he did not wear the mountains jersey. During his dramatic stage 8 ride, he was referred to as the "Bozeman Boss" by commentator Phil Liggett.^[16] He would finish in 82nd place. At the Tour of Utah, Van Garderen won the third stage time trial.^[17]

2012

Van Garderen, wearing the white jersey as leader of the young rider classification, during the stage nineteen individual time trial of the 2012 Tour de France.

After HTC–Highroad was disbanded, Van Garderen joined BMC Racing Team along with his HTC–Highroad team-mate Marco Pinotti.^[2] Van Garderen won the young rider's jersey at Paris–Nice in early March,^[18] having held the jersey for the entire race.

Van Garderen was selected for the Tour de France as one of the main domestiques for defending champion Cadel Evans. He enjoyed a strong first week, coming fourth in the prologue and wearing the white jersey – for the best-placed rider aged 25 or under in the general classification – until stage 7, where he lost time on the first summit finish of the Tour. He regained the jersey with fourth place on Stage 9, an individual time trial. On Stage 11, Van Garderen attempted to help Evans in an unsuccessful long range attack by breaking away from the yellow jersey group minutes before his leader did, but the attempt orchestrated by BMC Racing Team was foiled. He proved stronger than Evans on that day, pacing his leader up the final climb. He would go on to finish in fifth place overall while becoming the third American to win the young rider classification, after Greg LeMond in 1984 and Andrew Hampsten in 1986.

In August, Van Garderen finished second in the USA Pro Cycling Challenge behind Christian Vande Velde (Garmin–Sharp).^[19] He had previously won the second stage of the race in a two-man sprint with Vande Velde, earning the yellow jersey in the process.^[20] He surrendered the jersey to his fellow countryman the next day, took it back on stage 4 and lost it on stage 6.

2013

Van Garderen at the 2013 Tour of California

Van Garderen opened his 2013 campaign with the Tour de San Luis, where he finished second in the overall standings. He also showed strong appearances as the European cycling season opened in March, finishing Paris–Nice in fourth,^[21] and Critérium International in third place.^[22] In May, Van Garderen won the first major stage race of his career, the Tour of California.^[23] He performed well in all the key stages, coming in second at stage two's hilltop finish,^[24] then winning the individual time trial on stage 6.^[25] He topped it off by defending the lead on stage 7, a mountaintop finish to Mount Diablo.^[26] He somewhat lacked form at the Tour de France, finishing in 45th position.^[27] He was part of the breakaway on the eighteenth stage of the race, finishing at Alpe d'Huez, where he finished second behind Christophe Riblon.^[28] He then went on to win the USA Pro Cycling Challenge, which included a lot of high altitude racing across Colorado.^[29]

2014

Early in 2014 he won stage 4 of the Volta a Catalunya, a summit finish at the Vallter 2000 ski resort.^[30] He ultimately finished the race third overall, seven seconds behind race winner Joaquim Rodríguez.^[31] The Tour de France started out with hilly parcours in Yorkshire, with van Garderen finishing ninth on the second stage into Sheffield, won by Vincenzo Nibali.^[32] After losing two minutes to Nibali on the fifth stage, which included cobbles – to which he disapproved of^[33] – van Garderen lost a further minute two days later following a crash.^[34] His BMC Racing Team also lost domestique Darwin Atapuma, who suffered a broken leg in the same crash.^[35] Over the remainder of the race, van Garderen placed sixth or higher on five stages, and ultimately finished fifth overall,^[36] as the race reached its conclusion in Paris.^[37] He repeated his success of the previous year at the USA Pro Cycling Challenge,^[38] winning the general classification and two stages,^[39][40] and finished the season with a gold medal in the team time trial at the UCI Road World Championships.^[41]

2015

In 2015, van Garderen started his season at the Tour of Oman, where he took second place behind Rafael Valls.^[42] He earned his first victory of the year on the fourth stage of the Volta a Catalunya, which was the queen stage. However, he was too far down in the overall standings to affect the general classification.^[43] In June, he rode the Critérium du Dauphiné as a preparation for the Tour de France. He battled with Chris Froome who edged him in the overall classification by ten seconds and finished second.^[44] In spite of a strong first two weeks,^[45] he abandoned the Tour de France during Stage 17 due to illness a day after the second rest day. At the time of his abandon, he was in third place overall.^[46]

2016–2018

He chose to not attend the 2016 Summer Olympics over concerns of the zika virus.

He was named in the start list for the 2017 Giro d'Italia.^[47] He won stage 18,^[48] marking his first stage victory in a Grand Tour. His 2017 Vuelta a España got off to a good start with the BMC Racing Team winning the opening stage, a team time trial. Van Garderen ultimately recorded a 10th-place finish in the general classification, his third top-ten finish at a Grand Tour.

During the 2018 Tour de France he was involved in a rare tie for the Yellow Jersey following a team time trial, which Team BMC won. As there had not yet been an individual time trial to measure rider times to a 1,000th of a second his teammate Greg Van Avermaet was awarded the overall race lead due to his higher finishes within the peloton during the previous stages.^[49]