Teen Mom
Also known asTeen Mom OG
GenreReality television
Developed byLauren Dolgen
Starring
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons9
No. of episodes169 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producers
Camera setupMultiple
Running time42 minutes
Production company11th Street Productions
Original release
NetworkMTV
ReleaseDecember 8, 2009 (2009-12-08) –
December 7, 2021 (2021-12-07)
Related

Teen Mom (renamed Teen Mom OG, starting with the fifth season) is an American reality television series broadcast by MTV. It is the first spin-off of 16 and Pregnant, and it focuses on the lives of several young mothers as they navigate motherhood and strained family and romantic relationships.[1] Its first run consists of four seasons originally aired between December 8, 2009, and October 9, 2012, while another four seasons have aired during its second run that began on March 23, 2015. Season 9 premiered on January 26, 2021.[2]

The series originally focused on the lives of Maci Bookout (now McKinney), Catelynn Lowell (now Baltierra), Amber Portwood, and Farrah Abraham, who were featured on the first season of 16 and Pregnant. Are You the One? participant Cheyenne Floyd and television personality Bristol Palin joined in the second half of the seventh season replacing Abraham who departed from the show. However, Palin departed the show following an announcement on Instagram in April 2019. In August 2019, Mackenzie McKee from Teen Mom 3 joined the cast as a guest mom for the last few episodes of season eight. Mackenzie McKee officially became a main cast member on season 8b.

The show's success has allowed for the development of the spin-offs Teen Mom 2, Teen Mom 3, Teen Mom: Young and Pregnant, Teen Mom: Young Moms Club, Teen Mom: Family Reunion, and Teen Mom: Girls' Night In.[3]

On May 22, 2022, the series was merged into Teen Mom 2, with cast members of each series transitioning to a combined series titled Teen Mom: The Next Chapter, which premiered on September 6, 2022.[4][5]

Cast

Farrah Abraham

An aspiring model,[6] Farrah Abraham (from Council Bluffs, Iowa) is the mother of Sophia Laurent Abraham, whose father, Derek Underwood, was killed in a car accident on December 28, 2008, two months before her birth.

In January 2010, Farrah's mother, Debra Danielson, was charged with assault in an Iowa court for hitting her.[7] As a result of the fight with her mother, Farrah and Sophia moved out of her mother's house.

She started seeing a therapist to discuss the rocky relationship with her family, because she could not cope with her mothers actions as well as dealing with her emotions regarding Underwood and his death. Farrah eventually proved to Derek's family through a paternity test that Derek was in fact Sophia's father and then was faced with a lawsuit filed by Derek's mother for grandparents' visitation rights, despite no previous contact with Sophia.

She published her autobiography, My Teenage Dream Ended in August 2012. In May 2013, Vivid Entertainment released a sex tape featuring Abraham having sex with porn star James Deen. Abraham defended her decision to make and sell her porn video, claiming that she wanted to "celebrate [her] awesome body".[8]

In October 2017, Farrah was fired from the show by producer Morgan J. Freeman. He explained her choice to return to the adult entertainment industry was in conflict with the overall message of Teen Mom.

Maci McKinney

Maci McKinney (née Bookout) (from Chattanooga, Tennessee), the mother of Bentley Cadence Edwards, is described by MTV as the classic teenage overachiever who is popular, athletic, and successful in school.[9][10] She had aspirations to go away to college with her friends after she graduated from high school, but her dreams are now on hold as she struggles to take care of Bentley, take online courses at the local state college, and maintain her relationship with Ryan, Bentley's father.[11] Maci gets fed up with Ryan when he does not help her juggle parenthood, school, and work to her satisfaction.[6]

Bookout said the reason she participated in the show was because she wanted to get a good message across[11] and stated: "I really just wanted to show girls how hard it was to be a teen parent. I wanted girls who might get pregnant to see there are options out there to move forward with your life and still have goals."[10] She has gone back to college after dropping her online classes, and now is majoring in journalism and hopes to write a book about her experience being 16 and pregnant. She also speaks at local high schools about the challenges of teen pregnancy.[11]

In December 2014, Maci announced she was expecting her second child, a daughter, with her boyfriend of two years, Taylor McKinney, due in June 2015.[12][13] Bookout gave birth to their daughter, Jayde Carter, on May 29, 2015.[14] Bookout welcomed her third child (her second with Taylor McKinney), son Maverick Reed on May 31, 2016.[15] Bookout married Taylor McKinney on October 8, 2016.[16]

Catelynn Baltierra

Catelynn Lowell Baltierra (from Marine City, Michigan) is the birth mother of Carolynn "Carly" Elizabeth. Described as a smart and funny high school senior, she struggles to go back to her normal life after her emotional decision to place Carly for adoption. Catelynn is an integral part of the show, letting prospective teen moms know that there are options. She demonstrates that one can go on after becoming a "birth mom", and being completely mature and selfless by choosing parents for her baby via adoption. Carly's adoptive parents are Brandon and Theresa.[9] Catelynn moves back home with her parents but learns that her mother and stepfather, who is also the father of her boyfriend Tyler, have still not accepted her decision to place her daughter for adoption. During the season, Catelynn comes to terms with being a birth mother, moves in with Tyler and his mother when her mother and her stepfather move into an apartment in another city, and gets engaged to Tyler. She and Tyler both get tattoos in Carly's honor.

Lowell then gave birth to daughter Novalee "Nova" Reign on January 1, 2015.[17] Lowell and Baltierra were married on August 22, 2015.[18] The couple welcomed daughter Vaeda Luma, on February 23, 2019.[19] The couple's youngest daughter, Rya Rose, was born in August 2021.[20][21]

Amber Portwood

Amber Portwood (from Anderson, Indiana) is the mother of Leah Leann Shirley. Amber's journey into parenthood has been tough; she struggles to parent Leah, and stay with her fiancé Gary. She used to be a self-declared party girl, but now discovers she has little time to do anything besides take care of Leah. Amber dropped out of high school when she discovered she was pregnant, but now is working to obtain her GED.

She has many troubles with her baby's father, Gary. The problems have led to physical violence in front of her child, Leah, including an incident where Amber beats him so severely, he is left with permanent scars. Amber eventually gets arrested for domestic violence against Gary.[9] She had a younger sister, Candace, who died of SIDS when Amber was 5.[22] As of June 2012, Amber was serving a five-year jail sentence, the result of a December 2011 arrest for possession of drugs and failing to complete a court-ordered rehab program. On November 4, 2013, she was released from Indiana's Rockville Correctional Facility (four years early).

Over the course of filming, Portwood became engaged to Matt Baier, an author and onetime DJ. Originally, the wedding was scheduled for October 10, 2016; however, the wedding plans were suspended when it was revealed that, unbeknownst to Portwood, Baier had several children by different women and had fallen behind on child support payments, and that he had reached out to fellow Teen Mom castmates Farrah Abraham and Jenelle Evans before finally pursuing Portwood.[23] The couple reconciled.[24] Portwood said she would be inviting all of the Teen Mom stars, "[e]very single one from Teen Mom 2 and Teen Mom OG."[23]

Portwood met Baier over Twitter in 2014 and she says "she put him through a test to see if he really liked her, and not just because she was on TV". Both Portwood and Baier have a love of music and past addiction problems in common, according to Portwood.[24] On the 2016 check-up with Dr. Drew, Portwood announces that she and her ex-fiancé Gary have agreed to share 50-50 custody of their 7-year-old daughter, Leah.

Following the sixth-season finale and reunion show, Portwood announced she would not be returning to the series. In a series a tweets, Portwood claimed: "If I was treated fairly it wouldn't be an issue but it's been nothing but disrespect since the reunion show. Which keeps continuing today. [...] Nothing has been dealt with or has made me feel any safer to even move on with people who have continuously hidden things from the network. The day I'm shown some respect by the people I've worked with for 8 years is the day I'll be back. I've sacrificed a lot for this show."[25]

Portwood subsequently returned for the seventh season, her upcoming wedding being one of the show's focuses.[23] Portwood and Baier ended their relationship around the summer of 2017 after Portwood learned of Baier's infidelity.[26]

Whilst filming Marriage Boot Camp, Portwood met Andrew Glennon, who was onset working as a cameraman. They began a relationship and welcomed their first child, a boy named James Andrew Glennon, on May 8, 2018.[27] On July 5, 2019, Portwood was arrested for domestic battery against Glennon, effectively ending their relationship. She denies the details of the charges.[28]

Footage of Amber Portwood's violent behavior towards her child's father, Gary Shirley, including an assault in which Shirley refused to physically defend himself, prompted an investigation from both the police department of Anderson, Indiana, and that city's branch of the state Child Protective Services, along with sparking hundreds of public complaints questioning Portwood's suitability to be a mother. Police searched Portwood's apartment, finding "evidence that requires further investigation," but would not specify what had been found at the time; it was later revealed that Portwood had been caught with a large quantity of marijuana and crack cocaine.

During the incidents, MTV failed to stop Portwood's attacks on her partner, and it appears the crew also failed to inform the police of her crimes, with authorities only investigating the case and pressing charges when later contacted by concerned viewers following broadcast of the material.[29] This despite the fact that the show featured a Public Service Announcement concerning domestic violence and showed links to a domestic violence related website.[30]

On October 20, 2010, The Today Show aired a segment revolving around the depicted domestic abuse in both seasons. NBC's Dan Abrams discussed the possible legal consequences Portwood could face under Indiana law, including the felony charge of conducting abuse in the presence of a child under 14 (namely, the couple's 2-year-old daughter, Leah) and misdemeanor charges including but not limited to domestic assault and battery. On November 3, it was reported that Portwood agreed to allow Indiana CPS to monitor her for up to six months in exchange for CPS's allowing her to maintain custody of Leah.

On November 18, after an extensive investigation, Portwood was charged with three counts of domestic violence, two of them felonies, in connection with separate incidents of on-camera abuse of Shirley.[31] The same day, MTV released a statement concerning the charges filed on Portwood: "We are cooperating with all parties and hope for a quick and fair resolution that allows everyone involved to move forward in a positive manner."[32]

In December 2011, Portwood was arrested for the Class D felony of possession of a controlled substance and was later charged with violating her probation on her earlier domestic-violence charges by breaching conditions including behaving well in society, obtaining a GED certificate, completing six months of anger-management training, paying her probation fees, and setting up a $10,000 college fund for Leah. She was held without bond in Madison County Jail until her January 27, 2012, hearing on both charges, at which she entered a guilty plea and the court scheduled a sentencing hearing for February 6 of that year.

On February 6, Portwood was given a five-year suspended sentence with the provision that all charges would be dropped if she went to and completed rehab. In March 2012, Portwood failed to take a required drug test, violating the associated condition of her suspended sentence and putting herself in jeopardy of having the five-year suspended sentence reimposed. At the ensuing probation violation hearing, the judge in the case declined to reimpose any portion of the suspended sentence, instead requiring Amber to complete 30 days of daily drug tests. Portwood subsequently dropped out of her rehabilitation program and was charged with a third violation of her probation; in June 2012, the court reimposed Portwood's five-year sentence in its entirety.[33] On June 13, 2012, Portwood began serving her five-year sentence, during which she is expected to attend substance abuse classes and earn her GED.[34]

On December 20, 2013, Portwood made an appearance on the talk show Dr. Phil. She revealed that she has been released from jail early due to good behavior and now has her GED. Portwood also revealed that she was high on prescription and illegal medication for most episodes of Teen Mom and that she is sober with no intent of ever using again. Portwood is working on obtaining a joint-custody agreement with her ex-boyfriend Gary Shirley and is trying to focus on being a good mom to her daughter. She also has established an organization to help teens stay off drugs.[35]

On July 5, 2019, Portwood was arrested in Indianapolis, Indiana and charged with two counts of domestic battery and one count of criminal recklessness with a deadly weapon, after she struck Glennon in the neck while Glennon held James in his arms, threatened to commit suicide by overdosing on clonazepam, and used a machete to attempt and break into the room where Glennon was hiding with their son.

Cheyenne Floyd

Cheyenne Floyd (from Los Angeles, California) first appeared on the third season of MTV's Are You the One? in 2015. The next year, she was cast on season 28 of The Challenge, where she first met Cory Wharton from Real World: Ex-Plosion. Floyd gave birth to her first daughter, Ryder, on April 7, 2017, when she was 24 years old. Cheyenne and Wharton were not in a relationship at the time, but they decided to raise their daughter together.[36][37] Ryder inherited a rare genetic disease: Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.[38]

In 2020, Floyd reprised her relationship with former boyfriend Zach Davis.[39] Shortly after, the couple announced they were expecting their first baby[40] and later got engaged at their baby shower.[41] Their son, Ace Terrell Davis, was born on May 27, 2021.[42]

Bristol Palin

Bristol Palin (from Palmer, Alaska) announced her pregnancy and engagement to Levi Johnston at the 2008 Republican National Convention.[43][44] Tripp Easton Mitchell Johnston-Palin was born on December 27, 2008.[45] Palin and Johnston ended their engagement in March 2009.[46]

In 2015, Palin announced her engagement to Dakota Meyer.[47] Palin gave birth to the couple's first daughter, Sailor Grace Palin, on December 23, 2015.[48] Their second daughter, Atlee Bay, was born on May 8, 2017.[49] The couple divorced in 2018.[50]

Mackenzie McKee

Mackenzie McKee (née Douthit) (from Miami, Oklahoma) became pregnant with her first child with then-boyfriend, Josh McKee, and gave birth to their son, Gannon Dewayne McKee, on September 12, 2011. Douthit and McKee married on August 17, 2013.[51] Their first daughter, Jaxie Taylor, was born on February 7, 2014.[52][53] The couple's third child, Broncs Weston, was born on August 15, 2016.[54]

Timeline of cast members

Cast member Seasons
Teen Mom Teen Mom OG
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Farrah Abraham Main
Catelynn Baltierra Main
Maci McKinney Main
Amber Portwood Main
Cheyenne Floyd Main
Bristol Palin Main
Mackenzie McKee Guest Main

Episodes

SeasonEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast aired
18December 8, 2009 (2009-12-08)January 26, 2010 (2010-01-26)
212July 20, 2010 (2010-07-20)October 12, 2010 (2010-10-12)
312July 5, 2011 (2011-07-05)September 20, 2011 (2011-09-20)
412June 12, 2012 (2012-06-12)August 28, 2012 (2012-08-28)
52010March 23, 2015 (2015-03-23)May 25, 2015 (2015-05-25)
10January 4, 2016 (2016-01-04)February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22)
62715August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)November 28, 2016 (2016-11-28)
12April 17, 2017 (2017-04-17)June 26, 2017 (2017-06-26)
73018November 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)April 9, 2018 (2018-04-09)
12October 1, 2018 (2018-10-01)December 17, 2018 (2018-12-17)
82412June 10, 2019 (2019-06-10)August 19, 2019 (2019-08-19)
12March 17, 2020 (2020-03-17)June 2, 2020 (2020-06-02)
92412January 26, 2021 (2021-01-26)April 13, 2021 (2021-04-13)
12September 7, 2021 (2021-09-07)November 23, 2021 (2021-11-23)

Reception

In a 2014 study done on the cultivation effects of reality television, an Indiana University study found that young girls who regularly watched Teen Mom had an unrealistic view of teen pregnancy.[55][56]

In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook likes found that Teen Mom was "most popular in rural Kentucky and least popular in New York City. As with 16 and Pregnant, it's much more popular among women — 94 percent of 'likes' come from women, second only to Pretty Little Liars".[57]

Ratings

The pilot episode was the network's highest-rated premiere in over a year, with 2.1 million total viewers;[58] the record was surpassed by the controversial series Skins, which had 3.26 million viewers. The first-season finale brought in 3.6 million viewers.[59] The second-season finale pulled in over 5.6 million viewers.[59]

International versions

CountryLocal titleNetworkBroadcast
Australia Teen Mom Australia[60] MTV Australia
10 Shake		 7 July 2019 – present
Italy Teen Mom Italia MTV Italy 13 October 2022 – present
Poland Teen Mom Poland[61] MTV Poland 2014
United Kingdom Teen Mom UK[61] MTV UK 2 November 2016 – present

References

  1. ↑ "MTV Brings Viewers a "16 and Pregnant" Labor Day Marathon Beginning Monday, September 7 at 12:30pm ET/PT". The Futon Critic. September 2, 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  2. ↑ Ossad, Jordana (December 18, 2020). "Teen Mom OG is Going to Show What Life is Like in Today's 'New Normal'". MTV News. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  3. ↑ "MOM-UMENTAL EVENT: THE TEEN MOM FRANCHISE IS HAVING A FAMILY REUNION". MTV. November 30, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  4. ↑ McGahan, Michelle (2022-08-17). "Baby Mama Drama! 'Teen Mom: The Next Chapter' Cast, Premiere Date and More". Us Weekly. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  5. ↑ Longeretta, Emily (2022-08-12). "MTV Announces 'Teen Mom: The Next Chapter' Cast and Premiere Date: Watch First Trailer (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  6. 1 2 Way, Mish (December 10, 2009). "Teen Mom: The Most Depressing Show On Earth". Hearty magazine. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  7. ↑ "Update: Mother of 'Teen Mom' Star Officially Charged with Assault". Us Weekly. January 20, 2010. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  8. ↑ Farrah Abraham Sex Tape Released: Former 'Teen Mom' Star Gets It On With James Deen In Porn Video HuffPost.
  9. 1 2 3 "Teen Mom cast". MTV Networks. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  10. 1 2 Rancilio, Alicia (January 3, 2010). "'Teen Mom' shows interrupted lives". Associated Press. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 Ross, Robyn (December 21, 2009). "Teen Mom's Maci: "I Can Make It Through Anything Thrown at Me"". TV Guide. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  12. ↑ In Touch Weekly (December 29, 2014). "'TEEN MOM' MACI BOOKOUT REVEALS: "I'M PREGNANT!"". In Touch Weekly. United States. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  13. ↑ McRady, Rachel (December 29, 2014). "Teen Mom's Maci Bookout Pregnant With Second Child, Expecting With Boyfriend Taylor McKinney". Us Weekly. United States. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Maci Bookout Welcomes Baby Girl". MTV. May 29, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Maci Bookout Welcomes Son Maverick Reed". MTV News. May 31, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  16. ↑ "Inside 'Teen Mom' Star Maci Bookout's Wedding to Taylor McKinney". Us Weekly. October 12, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  17. ↑ Webber, Stephanie (January 1, 2015). "Teen Mom Catelynn Lowell Gives Birth, Welcomes Second Baby Girl With Tyler Baltierra". Us Weekly. United States. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  18. ↑ "At Long Last! Teen Mom OG's Catelynn and Tyler Say "I Do"". 2015-08-22.
  19. ↑ "Catelynn Lowell Details Baby Vaeda's Arrival, Reveals Why She and Tyler Baltierra Changed Her Name Last Minute". US Weekly. 14 March 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  20. ↑ "Catelynn Lowell and Tyler Baltierra Welcome Baby Girl". MTV. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Catelynn Lowell and Tyler Baltierra Reveal Baby R's Name". MTV. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  22. ↑ Teen Moom Finale Special: Check-Up with Dr. Drew – Part 2 (October 4, 2011).
  23. 1 2 3 Fernandez, Alexia (14 April 2017). "Amber Portwood Goes Wedding Dress Shopping & Faces Doubts About Marriage in Teen Mom OG Supertease". People. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  24. 1 2 Nolasco, Stephanie (12 April 2017). "'Teen Mom's' Amber Portwood and Matt Baier get candid about their engagement, past addiction issues". Fox411. Fox News. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  25. ↑ Harnick, Chris (December 16, 2016). "Amber Leaving Teen Mom After Unfair Treatment". E! Online. United States: NBCUniversal. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  26. ↑ Heintz, Megan (August 23, 2017). "Amber Portwood confirms break up on Instagram". In Touch Weekly.
  27. ↑ "Teen Mom's Amber Portwood Confirms She Is Expecting Baby No2". E! Online. United States: NBCUniversal. February 13, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  28. ↑ "'Teen Mom OG' Star Amber Portwood Claims Andrew Glennon Is Dating Someone New After Her Arrest". Reality TV. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  29. ↑ Anderson ‘Teen Mom’ being investigated for assault | Archives | heraldbulletin.com
  30. ↑ "'Teen Mom' Program Shows Domestic Violence Against Dad". nationalparentsorganization.org. Archived from the original on 2020-03-22.
  31. ↑ Duke, Alan (November 19, 2010). "'Teen Mom' star charged with domestic violence felonies". CNN. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  32. ↑ "MTV Releases Statement About Amber Portwood's Criminal Charges". MTV Networks. November 18, 2010. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  33. ↑ Huffingtonpost Celebrity, "Amber Portwood Prison: 'Teen Mom' Sentenced To 5 Years," huffingtonpost.com, June 5, 2012.
  34. ↑ Stanhope, Kate (June 14, 2012). "Teen Mom's Amber Portwood Begins Prison Sentence". TV Guide. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  35. ↑ Dr. Phil Television program. December 20th, 2013
  36. ↑ Ossad, Jordana. "Are you the One? and Challenge Alum Cheyenne Welcomes Her Very Own Princess". MTV. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  37. ↑ Ossad, Jordana. "Challenge Parents: Cory Wharton and Cheyenne Floyd Reveal They Share a Daughter". MTV. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  38. ↑ Guglielmi, Jodi. "Teen Mom's Cheyenne Floyd Opens Up About Her Daughter Ryder's Genetic Disorder: It 'Scares Me'". People. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  39. ↑ Mauch, Ally. "Teen Mom's Cheyenne Floyd Confirms She's Back Together with Ex Zach Davis in Kissing Photo". People. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  40. ↑ Boucher, Ashley. "Teen Mom OG Star Cheyenne Floyd Is Pregnant with Baby No. 2: 'We Are Extremely Blessed'". People. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  41. ↑ Jackson, Dory. "Teen Mom OG's Cheyenne Floyd Gets Engaged to Zach Davis at Her Baby Shower: 'Today Was Perfect'". People. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  42. ↑ Cardoza, Riley (29 May 2021). "Teen Mom OG's Cheyenne Floyd Gives Birth to 2nd Child, Her 1st With Boyfriend Zach Davis". US Weekly. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  43. ↑ Gil Kaufman (October 13, 2008). "Sarah Palin's Future Son-In-Law Levi Johnston Denies He's Being Forced To Marry Bristol". MTV. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  44. ↑ Michael D. Shear; Karl Vick (September 2, 2008). "No Surprises From Palin, McCain Team Says: Daughter's Pregnancy and Trooper Controversy Were Revealed Before Pick, According to Campaign Aide". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  45. ↑ Lorenzo Benet; Sandra Sobieraj Westfall (January 12, 2009). "A Baby for Bristol: Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin Becomes a Grandma". People Magazine. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  46. ↑ "Palin engagement over". The Age. Melbourne, Australia. Associated Press. March 13, 2009. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  47. ↑ Marquina, Sierra (16 March 2015). "Bristol Palin Shares Engagement Video With New Fiance Dakota Meyer at Rascal Flatts Concert — Watch!". Us Weekly. United States. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  48. ↑ "Bristol Palin Gives Birth to a Baby Girl". E! Online. December 24, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  49. ↑ "Bristol Palin And Husband Dakota Meyer Welcome Baby Girl". Huffington Post. May 8, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Bristol Palin's Ex Confirms Divorce Finalized: Couple Sharing 50/50 Custody Of Kids". Radar Online. August 2, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Mackenzie Douthit Wedding Photos: Teen Mom 3 Star Marries Josh McKee". Us Weekly. 21 August 2013.
  52. ↑ "Teen Mom 3 Mackenzie Douthit Gives Birth To A Baby Girl Named Jaxie". 7 February 2014.
  53. ↑ Cox, Lauren (14 February 2014). "Mackenzie McKee Shares First Pics & Video Of Baby Jaxie Taylor".
  54. ↑ Harper, Kathleen (August 16, 2016). "Mackenzie Douthit-McKee: 'Teen Mom 3' Star Welcomes 3rd Baby A Month Early".
  55. ↑ Martins, Nicole; Jensen, Robin E. (2 November 2014). "The Relationship Between "Teen Mom" Reality Programming and Teenagers' Beliefs About Teen Parenthood". Mass Communication and Society. 17 (6): 830–852. doi:10.1080/15205436.2013.851701. S2CID 144163373.
  56. ↑ "Study: Heavy viewers of 'Teen Mom' and '16 and Pregnant' have unrealistic views of teen pregnancy: IUB Newsroom: Indiana University". news.indiana.edu. 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  57. ↑ Katz, Josh (2016-12-27). "'Duck Dynasty' vs. 'Modern Family': 50 Maps of the U.S. Cultural Divide". The New York Times.
  58. ↑ Weprin, Alex (December 9, 2007). "Cable Ratings: 'Teen Mom' Premiere Delivers For MTV". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  59. 1 2 Weprin, Alex (December 29, 2009). "MTV Orders Unscripted 'If You Really Knew Me'". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  60. ↑ "Airdate: Teen Mom Australia".
  61. 1 2 LaCroix, Emy (March 8, 2018). "'Teen Mom' International: See The Farrahs and Jenelles From Around The World". InTouch Weekly. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
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