Tẹẹ
Native toNigeria
RegionTai, Rivers State
Native speakers
310,000 (2006)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3tkq
Glottologteee1242

Tẹẹ ([tɛ̀ː]), or Tai, is an Ogoni language and the language of the Tai tribe of the Ogoni people of Rivers State, Nigeria. It is to a limited degree mutually intelligible with Khana, the main Ogoni language, but its speakers consider it to be a separate language.

Phonology

The Tẹẹ sound system is typical of an Ogoni language and identical to that of Khana, with the exception of four or five voiceless sonorants not found in that language. The voiceless [w] is also found in other Ogoni languages, and voiceless [j] and [l] are also found in other languages of Nigeria.

Vowels

There are seven oral vowels, /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/, spelt (i e ẹ a ọ o u), and five nasal vowels, /ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ/ (spelt this way also). All may occur in long or short forms.

Consonants

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-
velar
central lateral plain lab.
Plosive voiceless p t k kʷ <kw> k͡p <kp>
voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ <gw> ɡ͡b <gb>
Fricative voiceless s
voiced z
Nasal voiceless (m̥) <hm> n̥ <hn>
voiced m n ɲ <ny> ŋʷ <nw>
Approximant voiceless l̥ <hl> ȷ̊ <hy> w̥ <hw>
voiced ɹ <r> l j <y> w

A glottal stop [ʔ] appears before any otherwise vowel-initial stem. The alveolar consonants are apical.

Tẹẹ includes a rather unusual series of voiceless sonorants. The voiceless palatal /ȷ̊/ sounds rather like the voiceless palatal fricative [ç], but is not as noisy (that is, there is not much random-frequency noise in its sound spectrum). Similarly, /l̥/ is a voiceless approximant, not a voiceless fricative *[ɬ]. The voiceless bilabial nasal, /m̥/, is only known to occur in one word, /àm̥èː/ (an unidentified abdominal organ), and then only for some speakers. All of the voiceless sonorants are actually voiced during the second half of their enunciation. That is, /n̥/ is pronounced [n̥͡n] However, they are considerably shorter than their voiced homologues, and hence cannot be considered /hC/ sequences with an otherwise unattested consonant */h/.

Tone

Tẹẹ has three tones: high, mid and low.

  • The high tone is indicated by an acute accent : á, ã́, é, ẹ́, ẽ́, í, ĩ́, ó, ọ́, ṍ, ú, ṹ;
  • The low tone is indicated by a grave accent  : à, ã̀, è, ẹ̀, ẽ̀, ì, ĩ̀, ò, ọ̀, õ̀, ù, ũ̀;
  • The middle tone is indicated with no diacritic.

References

Citations
  1. ↑ Tẹẹ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bibliography
  • Ladefoged, Peter (October 1995). "Voiceless approximants in Tee". Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages III. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics. 91: 85–88.
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