Tavastia Castle
Native names
Finnish: Hämeen linna
Swedish: Tavastehus slott
Tavastia Castle
Tavastia Castle today
TypeCastle
EtymologyTavastia, referring to the region and people of Finland
LocationHämeenlinna, Tavastia Proper, Finland
Coordinates61°00′14″N 24°27′29″E / 61.00389°N 24.45806°E / 61.00389; 24.45806
Built13th century
Original useMilitary fortress
Restored1953–1988
Current useMuseum
OwnerFinnish National Board of Antiquities
Websitehttp://www.kansallismuseo.fi/en/hame-castle

Tavastia Castle or Häme Castle (Finnish: Hämeen linna, Swedish: Tavastehus slott) is a medieval castle in Tavastia Proper, Finland. It is located in Hämeenlinna, the city between Helsinki and Tampere. Originally located on an island, the castle now sits on the coast of lake Vanajavesi. The castle consists of a central keep and surrounding curtain walls, enclosed by a moat. The keep originally had five turrets, but only two are apparent today. The curtain wall has a gatehouse, battlements, an octagonal brick corner turret, and a round gun turret. The lower tiers of the keep and curtain wall are of masoned granite and the upper tiers are red brickwork.

Although the exact date is disputed, the castle is generally considered to have been constructed in the 13th century. In addition to its status as a military fortress and home for Swedish nobility, the castle has seen use as a prison, and is currently a museum operated by the Finnish National Board of Antiquities. The castle is one of the main tourist attractions of southern Finland, being the centerpiece of the city and a popular venue for events, including renaissance fairs.[1][2][3]

History

The castle's age is disputed. Traditionally, the construction of the castle has been connected to Birger Jarl's Second Swedish Crusade, which would date the castle in the mid-13th century. However, there are no archeological finds from the castle that can be firmly dated to a period earlier than the 1320s. An earlier fortification from the early 1300s only some 20 kilometres (12 mi) away in Hakoinen also contests Tavastia Castle's age, as only one castle ("Tauestahus") is listed in Tavastia in a royal document from 1308.[4] Also, the Russian Novgorod First Chronicle only mentions one castle during their plundering of Tavastia in 1311, its description also matching with the castle in Hakoinen.[5]

Tavastia Castle at the end of the 1650s

In the mid-1500s, under Gustav I, the castle lost much of its military importance. Some restoration was conducted in the early 1600s, and in 1639, the castle's nearby settlements gained official city status as Hämeenlinna. The castle continued to be neglected by Swedish rule throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, as its military interests shifted to the southern Baltic sea. Tavastia Castle was briefly ceded to the Russian army during the Great Northern War, after which the castle's defensive systems were upgraded with bastions.

Painted by Hjalmar Munsterhjelm in 1872

After the Finnish War, when Finland became the Grand Duchy of Finland under Russian rule, the castle was turned into a prison. It served as such until 1953, when massive restoration work started. The castle has been a public museum since 1979, the facilities of which can also be rented for private events.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Hämeenlinna Historia". Kansallismuseo. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Historia". Visit Häme. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  3. ↑ "Hämeen linna, Hämeenlinna". Museovirasto Restauroi. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  4. ↑ "Letter by King Birger". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.. In Latin. Hosted by the National Board of Antiquities.
  5. ↑ Novgorod Chronicle Archived 2017-10-24 at the Wayback Machine. English translation.
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