Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
Native name
Челябинский тракторный завод
TypeCompany
IndustryEngineering, industrial vehicle production, defense industry
Founded1 June 1933 (1933-06-01)[1]
Headquarters
Chelyabinsk, CHE
,
Russia
ProductsTractors, bulldozers, diesel engines, armored vehicles other
ServicesCasting and forging, research and development, physical and chemical testing, diesel engine certification, other[2]
Revenue124,700,000 United States dollar (1994) Edit this on Wikidata
Number of employees
>20,000 (2009)[3]
13,000[4] (2011)
ParentUralvagonzavod
SubsidiariesMachine building plant 'Vityaz'
Websitechtz-uraltrac.ru

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (Russian: Челябинский тракторный завод, romanized: Chelyabinskiy traktornyy zavod, abbreviated ЧТЗ, ChTZ) also known as CTZ-Uraltrak (ЧТЗ-УРАЛТРАК)[5] is a tractor construction plant in the Russian city of Chelyabinsk.

History

ChTZ in the 1930s
1958 USSR Postage stamp, Firstborn of the Soviet industry

The Chelyabinsk Tractor plant was a project of the first five-year plan.[6] The plant was founded in 1933; the first product was a 60 hp tracked tractor C-60 (Сталинец-60, Stalinets-60) fueled by petroleum ether (Benzine). In 1937 the factory produced its first diesel-powered vehicle C-65 (Сталинец-65, Stalinets-65). By 1940 the plant had produced 100,000 tractors.[1]

During World War II seven other industrial entities (including most of Leningrad's Kirov Plant and 15,000 of its workers[7]) were either wholly or partially relocated to Chelyabinsk, the resulting enterprise commonly known as "Танкоград" ('Tankograd', or 'Tank City').[note 1] The work force increased to 60,000 workers by 1944, from 25,000 during non-military production; during the conflict the works produced 18,000 tanks, and 48,500 tank diesel engines as well as over 17 million units of ammunition. Production included the KV tank from 1941, T-34 tank from 1942, KV-85 tank and IS tanks from 1943, and T-34/85 tank and SU-85 self-propelled field gun from 1944[1][8][9] By 1945 the plant had been awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 1st Class, the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Star, and other honours for its efforts in helping to defeat Nazi Germany.[1]

Post World War II conventional tractor production resumed with the С-80 (Сталинец-80, Stalinets-80) entering serial production in 1946. The plant reverted to its original name of Chelyabinsk Tractor factory in 1958. In 1961 a tractor with diesel electric transmission entered production: DET-250 (ДЭТ-250). The millionth tractor from CTZ was produced in 1984.[1]

In 1990 a tractor with a hydromechanical transmission system entered production (T-10).[1]

In 2008 the company acquired 100% of amphibious tracked machine building company "Vityaz" (Витязь);[1] both are now part of the Uralvagonzavod holding group which Uraltrak established in association with other companies.[10]

By 8 May 2022, due to sanctions imposed after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, United States officials claimed that Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant's tank production had halted, had been made “idle,” due to a lack of imported parts.[11][12] However the factory claims to have fulfilled an order for an unspecified number of diesel engines in December 2022.[13]

In 2023, the factory itself was sanctioned by the United States and Ukraine due to its supply of engines to Russian troops for military equipment. On 26 November 2023, an explosion occurred at the plant, causing a "severe fire".[14]

Operations and products

Bulldozer B10M (2004)

The organisation includes foundry and forging facilities, metal engineering facilities (CNC, lathes, heat treatment) as well as construction and assembly workshops.[3]

As of 2011, Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant produces wheeled and tracked tractors and related modified vehicles, and related parts,[15] as well as tractor engines up to ~1,000 hp (750 kW)[16] and tank engines up to 1,500 hp (1,100 kW) like th T-14's 12N360.

Since 2010 the company has manufactured fork lifts under license from Bulgarian company Balkancar Record,[17]

The company also produces road tanker vehicles, semi-trailers and pipe installation road vehicles.[18]

Subsidiaries

Since 2008 Machine engineering company 'Vityaz' (Машиностроительная компания "Витязь") has been a subsidiary of CTZ-Uraltrak.[10] The company produces the Vityaz line of tracked all-terrain vehicles with amphibious capabilities.[19]

Historical products

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The collective tank works has been described in english language sources as being named either "Kirovskiy works No.100",[8] or "Chelyabinsk Heavy Machine Plant No. 100" (ChZTM).[9]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 История – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 3 September 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  2. ↑ Услуги – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 29 July 2010, retrieved 3 December 2009
  3. 1 2 Завод сегодня – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 18 January 2009
  4. ↑ Бульдозеры, фронтальные погрузчики и другая спецтехника – ЧТЗ-УРАЛТРАК – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ) (in Russian), archived from the original on 18 January 2009, retrieved 22 July 2011
  5. ↑ Справка – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), Справка переименования и преобразования Челябинского тракторного завода, archived from the original on 15 October 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  6. ↑ Coates, W.P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1934), The second five-year plan of Development of the U.S.S.R, p. 15
  7. ↑ Историческая справка, kzgroup.ru (in Russian), ОАО «Кировский завод», archived from the original on 21 April 2012, retrieved 1 October 2012
  8. 1 2 Dunn, Walter S. (2007). Stalin's Keys to Victory: The Rebirth of the Red Army. Stackpole Books. pp. 36–38. ISBN 9780811734233. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  9. 1 2 Higgins, David (2011). King Tiger vs IS-2: Operation Solstice 1945. Osprey Publishing Limited. pp. 12–13. ISBN 9781849088633.
  10. 1 2 "ЧТЗ – Уралтрак" приобрел 100% акций ОАО "Машиностроительная компания "Витязь" (Башкирия)" [CTZ-Uraltrak has obtained 100% of shares in ОАО "Machine Engineering company 'Vityaz'" (Bashkortostan)]. tractor.ru (in Russian). 23 January 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  11. ↑ "FACT SHEET: United States and G7 Partners Impose Severe Costs for Putin's War Against Ukraine". The White House. 8 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  12. ↑ "Russia 'can't make more' tanks because of this key sanction, Biden official says". 10 May 2022.
  13. ↑ "UVZ has supplied diesel engines for new and repaired Russian tanks". BulgarianMilitary.com. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  14. ↑ "Fire reported at Russian plant manufacturing engines for military equipment". 26 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  15. ↑ Продукция – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 17 July 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  16. ↑ двигатели – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 7 October 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  17. ↑ Балканкар-ЧТЗ – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 29 September 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  18. ↑ Строммашина – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 15 October 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  19. ↑ МК Витязь – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ), chtz-uraltrac.ru (in Russian), archived from the original on 15 October 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
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