25°55′48″N 86°15′00″E / 25.9300°N 86.2500°E / 25.9300; 86.2500

Supaul district
District of Bihar
Ram Janaki Mandir, Birpur
Ram Janaki Mandir, Birpur
Location of Supaul district in Bihar
Location of Supaul district in Bihar
Country India
StateBihar
RegionMithila
DivisionKosi
HeadquartersSupaul
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesSupaul
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesNirmali, Pipra, Supaul, Triveniganj, Chhatapur
Area
 • Total2,410 km2 (930 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,229,076
 • Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy72.86 per cent
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
PIN
8521xx (Supaul)[1]
Major highwaysNH 57, NH 106, NH 107 NH 327E NH 327A SH 91 SH 76 Indo-Nepal border road
Websitesupaul.nic.in

Supaul district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India. The town Supaul is the district's administrative headquarters. The district, which was split from the former Saharsa district on 14 March 1991, occupies 2,410 km2 (931 sq mi).

History

Supaul, which was previously a part of Saharsa district, is now part of the Mithila region.[2] Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan people, who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).[3]

During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha, along with Kuru and Pañcāla, became one of the major political and cultural centres of South Asia. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas.[4] The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.[5]

Geography

Supaul district occupies 2,425 km2 (936 sq mi)[6] and is bounded by Nepal to the north, Araria district to the east, Madhepura and Saharsa districts to the south, and Madhubani district to the west. Supaul district is a part of Kosi division. The Koshi River flows through the district, which is regularly affected when it floods.

Notable people

Sub-divisions

The Supaul district comprises the following four sub-divisions:

  • Supaul Sadar
  • Birpur
  • Triveniganj
  • Nirmali

Blocks

There are a total of eleven blocks in the Supaul District:[10]

  • Basantpur (Parts of Birpur Sub-division)
  • Raghopur (Parts of Birpur Sub-division)
  • Pratapganj (Parts of Birpur Sub-division)
  • Supaul (Parts of Supaul Sadar Sub-division)
  • Kishanpur (Parts of Supaul Sadar Sub-division)
  • Saraigarh-Bhaptiyahi (Parts of Supaul Sadar Sub-division)
  • Pipra (Parts of Supaul Sadar Sub-division)
  • Triveniganj (Parts of Triveniganj Sub-division)
  • Chhatapur (Parts of Triveniganj Sub-division)
  • Nirmali (Parts of Nirmali Sub-division)
  • Marauna (Parts of Nirmali Sub-division)

Politics

Supaul Lok Sabha is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state. This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.

District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Supaul 41 Nirmali Aniruddha Prasad Yadav Janata Dal (United) MGB
42 Pipra Ramvilas Kamat Janata Dal (United) MGB
43 Supaul Bijendra Prasad Yadav Janata Dal (United) MGB
44 Triveniganj Veena Bharti Janata Dal (United) MGB
45 Chhatapur Neeraj Kumar Singh BJP NDA

Economy

Agriculture is the major occupation of this district and rice is the main crop.

In 2006, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Supaul as one of the country's 250 most backward districts out of a total of 640.[10] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar that receive funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[10] From December 2012, Bivha International Child Fund has funded education in Supaul's Koshi division. Several programs are funded for education, agriculture from Bivha International School, Bivha Rural Development fund, national banks, NABARD, and World Bank.

A dairy farm, which produce approximately 100,000 litres (22,000 imp gal) of milk per day has been established by Bivha Corporation in Simrahi Bazar, Supaul. There is also an egg farm, which produces approximately 20,000 eggs per day, which was established by M/S Koshi in Parsauni village.[11][12]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901350,636—    
1911361,484+0.31%
1921349,040−0.35%
1931369,329+0.57%
1941372,219+0.08%
1951431,547+1.49%
1961663,339+4.39%
1971854,589+2.57%
19811,087,762+2.44%
19911,342,841+2.13%
20011,732,578+2.58%
20112,229,076+2.55%
source:[13]
Religions in Supaul district (2011)[14]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 81.20%
Islam
 
 18.36%
Other or not stated
 
 0.44%

According to the 2011 census, Supaul district had a population of 2,229,076,[15] roughly equal to the nation Latvia[16] or the US state of New Mexico.[17] This gives it a ranking of 204th in India (out of a total of 640) districts.[15] The district has a population density of 919 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,380/sq mi).[15] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 28.62%.[15] Supaul has a sex ratio of 925 females for every 1000 males[15] and a literacy rate of 59.65%. 4.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.89% and 0.46% of the population respectively.[15]

Languages of Supaul district (2011)[18]

  Maithili (76.31%)
  Hindi (12.43%)
  Urdu (9.30%)
  Bengali (1.25%)
  Others (0.71%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 76.31% of the population in the district spoke Maithili, 12.43% Hindi, 9.30% Urdu and 1.25% Bengali as their first language.[18]

Urban and Rural Supaul

Supaul District urban population 2011

According to the 2011 census, out of the total population of Supaul, 4.74 percent live in urban regions of the district. In total, 105,558 people lives in urban areas; there were 55,788 males and 49,770 females. The sex ratio in the urban region of Supaul district is 1,000 males to 892 females as per 2011 census data. The sex ratio of children in Supaul district was 1,000 males to 932 females in 2011. The child population (ages 0–6) in urban region was 17,654, of which there were 9,140 males and 8,514 females, comprising 16.38% of the urban population. The average literacy rate in Supaul district as per census 2011 was 72.74%; the rate in males was 80.78% and in females it was 63.64%. The exact figure of 63,939 people in the urban regions were literate, of which males numbered 37,684 and females numbered 26,255.

Supaul District rural population 2011

As per 2011 census, 2,123,518 people, 95.26% of the population of Supaul district, live in rural areas and villages. of which 1,099,495 were male and 1,024,023 were female. In rural areas of the district, the sex ratio is 931 females per 1,000 males. If the sex ratio of children is 945 girls per 1,000 boys. The child population of six years or below was 419,703 in rural areas, of which 215,813 were male and 203,890 were female. Children comprise 19.63% of the district's rural population. The literacy rate in rural areas of Supaul district is 56.89% as per census data 2011. Male and female literacy stood at 69.03& and 43.82% respectively. In total, 969,344 people were literate, of which 609,988 were male and 359,356 were female respectively.[19]

Culture

The well-known historical and religious place, namely Durga Sthan, parsarma lies in the Supaul district and it is only 10 km (6 mi) away from the district headquarters.

Vishnu Mandir, temple based on south Indian architecture and dedicated to lord Vishnu has become a major tourist destination in the district. This adds a south Indian essence to the Mithila culture of the area. It is situated on the national highway 106.

Transport

Supaul is well-connected to other cities by road with national highways 106 and 57 that pass through it. NH57 connects Supaul to major cities such as Silchar, Gauhati Siliguri, Forbesganj, Mujjafarpur, Gorakhpur, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Porbandar. There are regular buses to the state's capital Patna and the national capital Delhi.

Rail transport is available across the district. The former narrow-gauge railway connecting to Saharsa and Forbesganj is currently undergoing conversion to broad gauge. It is planned to be connected to Forbesganj, Saharasa Darbhanga, Mujjafarpur, and numerous other cities.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Supaul
  2. ↑ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. ISBN 9788175330344. Archived from the original on 2018-03-20.
  3. ↑ Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143
  4. ↑ Witzel, M. (1989). "Tracing the Vedic dialects". In Caillat, C. (ed.). Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes. Paris: Fondation Hugot. pp. 141–143.
  5. ↑ Hemchandra, R. (1972). Political History of Ancient India. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
  6. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  7. ↑ "तीस बरस बाद हुई इस मशूहर बॉलीवुड गायक की 'घरवापसी'". 27 February 2018.
  8. ↑ "Yahoo Search - Web Search".
  9. ↑ "Credit card cloning fraud: This is how you can keep your money safe". 14 March 2019.
  10. 1 2 3 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  11. ↑ Sanjay Kant (2012). "Bivha Child Fund came ahead for education". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ Sen, Geeta; Rojgar Media Publication House, Rojgar Media Publication House (2016). Ahuja, Ashok (ed.). "Skilling & Employment - Pamal Foundation starts funding for skilling in Supaul". News (in Nepali). No. 1 (Bihar ed.). Patna: Rojgar Media Publication House. Rojgarmedia. Archived from the original on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  13. ↑ "Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar" (PDF). census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  14. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census Handbook: Supaul" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  16. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison: Population". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-01. Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est.
  17. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2011-09-30. New Mexico - 2,059,179
  18. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  19. ↑ "Supaul District Population Census 2011-2021, Bihar literacy sex ratio and density". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-25.></"Supaul District Population Census 2011-2021, Bihar literacy sex ratio and density". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  20. ↑ "86 year old dream comes true! PM Modi inaugurates Indian Railways' Kosi Rail Mahasetu in Bihar". The Financial Express. 18 September 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Here's why Bihar's Kosi Rail Mahasetu is historic in many ways". India TV. 18 September 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  22. ↑ "PM Modi to inaugurate 1.9-km long Kosi Rail Mahasetu today". DNA India. 18 September 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
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