Kay Musical Instrument Company
TypePrivate (1931–1969)
Brand (1969–present)
IndustryMusical instruments
PredecessorGroeschel Mandolin Co. (1890-1921), Stromberg-Voisinet (1921-1931)
Founded1931
FounderHenry "Kay" Kuhrmeyer
SuccessorWeiss Musical Instruments (1969-1980),
The Kay Guitar Company (1980-present)
Key people
Sidney M. Katz
Tony Blair
ProductsElectric, lap steel and acoustic guitars, double basses, violins, cellos, banjos, amplifiers
Brands
List
ParentValco (1967–68) [3]

Kay Musical Instrument Company (often referred to simply as Kay) was an American musical instrument manufacturer established in 1931 by namesake Henry "Kay" Kuhrmeyer and based in Chicago, Illinois. It was formed when Kuhrmeyer bought out his financial backers in the instrument manufacturer Stromberg-Voisinet. They produced guitars, mandolins, banjos, ukuleles and were known for their use of lamination in the construction of arched top instruments.[4]

The company operated independently until 1965 when they were purchased by the Seeburg Corporation, a jukebox manufacturer.[5] In 1967, the company was sold to Valco citing decreasing profits due to imported Japanese instruments.[6][7] In 1969, rights to name "Kay" was acquired by Weiss Musical Instruments (WMI) . The brand has been used by several manufacturers since then, mainly attached to Asian import guitars.[8][3]

Kay offered their first electric guitar in 1936 — five years after the Rickenbacker Frying pan, and the same year as the Gibson ES-150. However, Kuhrmeyer with Stromberg-Voisinet had produced the "Stromberg Electro" even earlier, in 1928, making the short-lived model arguably the first commercial electric guitar.[9][10][11][12]

Overview

Early history (1890–1931)

Products by Stromberg-Voisinet: Banjo uke and Aero-uke (c.1930)

The Kay Musical Instrument Company grew from the Andrew Groehsl Company (or Groehsl Mandolin Company[13]) in Chicago, established in 1890.[14] In 1921, Groehsl's company was purchased by Henry "Kay" Kuhrmeyer, Frank Voisinet, and Charles Stromberg and renamed to Stromberg-Voisinet. In 1928, with the help of an investor,[14] Kuhrmeyer bought out his partners, renamed the company, and started producing electric guitars and amplifiers.[15]

The new company, "Kay Musical Instruments" was formally established in 1931.[3] As its predecessor had primarily commercialized its products under its own brand as well as a large number of other brands, Kay Musical Instruments would continue that practice.[3]

Activity on Kuhrmeyer-era (1931–1955)

left: Kay Kraft Venetian guitar, played by Fields Ward of The Bog Trotters Band in 1937. right: Kay acoustic guitar, played by Deacon John Moore in 2009.

The company initially manufactured only traditional folk instruments such as mandolins, tenor guitars and banjos,[3] but eventually grew to make a wide variety of stringed instruments, including violins, cellos, double basses and a variety of different types of guitars, including electric, classical, lap steel and semi-acoustic models.

In addition to manufacturing instruments for sale under its own brands (like Kay Kraft and Kamico), Kay was also a prolific manufacturer of guitars for retailers across the nation who would order instruments with custom branding to be resold as "house brand" instruments.[16]

Kay also made guitar amplifiers, beginning with designs carried over from the old Stromberg company. Kay eventually subcontracted its amplifier production to Chicago music industry rival Valco in the 1950s.

Electric-shift & Decline on Katz-era (1955–1968)

Kay's archtop electric guitars in 1961: (L to R) Swing Master K673, K672,[17] Truetone Jazz King[1]

After the retirement of Kuhrmeyer in 1955, the company was taken over by Sidney M. Katz. The product line of Kay was shifted toward electric musical instruments on demands, and in 1964, the company moved to a new factory in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. In 1965 Katz sold Kay to Seeburg Corporation, and he became the head of Seeburg's musical instrument division. In 1967, Kay was resold and merged with Valco, but dissolved in 1968 due to financial problems.[14]

Revive (1969–present)

The assets of Kay/Valco were auctioned off in 1969. The upright bass and cello lines were sold to Engelhardt-Link, a new company formed by a previous Valco member, which has continued production (see #Kay basses for details). The Kay name (and some of its trademarks, such as Knox were acquired by Teisco importer, Weiss Musical Instruments (WMI, by Sylvain Weindling and Barry Hornstein),[1] who put the Kay name on the Teisco products beginning in 1973, and continued on through the 1970s.[18][19]

In 1980, A.R. Enterprises (Tony Blair) purchased the Kay trademark.[19] In 2008–2009, The "Kay Guitar Company" of California reissued 12 models of vintage Kay guitars and basses[20] manufactured by Fritz Brothers Guitars.[21] As of 2013, production and sales of these guitars have continued.[22]

Kay guitars

left: K1160 parlor guitar (c.1966)[23]
right: Style Leader #1983 (c.1960)[24]

Kay is best known for their large production of student-grade, budget instruments but also built higher quality instruments that were used by professional artists of the time including a line of electric guitars endorsed by Barney Kessel. Kay sold guitars under their own name as well as a plethora of brand names such as Silvertone for Sears, Sherwood and Airline for Montgomery Ward, Old Kraftsman for Spiegel, Rex for Gretsch, Custom Kraft for St. Louis Music Supply Company,[1] Truetone for Western Auto,[2] 'Penncrest' for JC Penney, etc.[25]

The current line of Kay instruments sold by A.R. Enterprises include low-priced acoustic, electric and bass guitars, and moderately priced banjos, ukuleles, mandolins and resonators. All imported from China.

K-161 Thin Twin guitar and K-162 Electronic Bass

left: K-161 Thin Twin (1952-?)
right: K-162 Electronic Bass (1952–59/1966)

One of the best known Kay electric guitars during the 1950s was the K-161 "Thin Twin", most visibly used by blues artist Jimmy Reed. This instrument debuted in 1952, and featured a single cutaway body, a distinctive "fire stripe" tortoiseshell pickguard, and a pair of thin blade-style pickups.

Also in 1952, Kay introduced the matching K-162 "Electronic" Bass, which was the first commercially available thinline-hollowbody electric bass guitar, and the second production electric bass guitar after the Fender Precision Bass debuted in 1951. Due to the use of K-162 by a bassist of Howlin' Wolf, Andrew "Blueblood" McMahon, it is commonly known as the "Howlin Wolf" bass. These instruments are believed to be the first semi-hollow electrics (i.e., thinline-hollowbody electric with solid center-block), predating the Gibson ES-335 by six years. Their unique design featured a flat top with no f-holes, a free-floating arched back, and two braces running along the top. The result was a semi-acoustic instrument that was feedback-resistant while retaining natural acoustic resonances. In 1954, Kay added the K-160 bass to its catalog with baritone tuning, according to the catalog, "tuned like the first four guitar strings but one octave lower." Structurally this bass was basically same as K-162 bass, except for the higher pitched tuning and the addition of a white pickguard.

In the late 1950s, various guitars in the Kay line were assigned new model numbers; according to the 1959 catalog, the Thin Twin became K5910 and the Electronic Bass became K5965.[26] Both instruments remained in Kay's catalog offerings with only minor cosmetic variations until 1966, when Kay revamped its entire guitar line to only feature budget instruments. Kay also manufactured versions of the Thin Twin guitar under the Silvertone (Sears) and Old Kraftsman (Spiegel) brands.

Gold "K" Line

Gold "K" headstock
Barney Kessel Pro[26] (1957–1962)
Jazz Special Bass (1957–1962)

In 1957, president Sydney Katz introduced the Gold "K" line of archtop and solid body electric guitars[21] to compete with major manufacturers like Fender, Gibson, and Gretsch. The gold "K" Line featured the Jazz Special, Artist, Pro, Upbeat,[26] Jazz II, and Jazz Special Bass. Gold "K" guitars used the same hardware as top manufacturers. However, there were truss rod and neck issues.[27] Kay's "Thin Lite" truss rods introduced on mid-tier instruments in the 1960s often become dislodged and inoperable. They may be repaired by a luthier.

Gold models had single coil pickups with clear silver plastic covers and phillips head bolt adjustable pole pieces. The Upbeat model came with an optional transparent black plastic cover. The Jazz Special Bass has a single blade pickup as used on the K-161 and K-162 (tilted slightly towards the neck at the treble side), as well as a distinctive, oversized headstock.

Valued among collectors, the headstocks from 1957 to 1960 featured a reverse painted plastic overlay similar to the Kelvinator logo. The guitars featured art deco patterns. It was difficult to get players to take Kay's high end entry seriously, and Kay discontinued the Gold line in 1962.

Kay basses

left: Kay L-30 (1947) played by Chubby Jackson. right: Kay S-51 5-string (c. 1940)

In 1937, Kay began to produce a 3/4 size upright bass, which is widely believed to be their Concert or C-1 bass. Like their guitar manufacturing, the basses were hand crafted by skilled craftsmen using special ordered machinery. They even had a hot stamping machine that could emboss the trademark KAY cursive script.

After the dissolve of Kay/Valco in 1968, the Engelhardt-Link Company bought the upright bass and cello lines at the asset auction in 1969, and continue to produce the same instrument lines until today. Manufactured in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, Engelhardt basses and cellos are sturdy instruments, widely used by students and touring professionals. The ES9 Swingmaster bass (formerly the Kay S9 Swingmaster), is highly thought-of by jazz, swing, and bluegrass musicians. In August of 2019 Upton Bass String Instrument Company purchased the bass and cello-making equipment, formerly owned by Kay, from Engelhardt-Link.

Notable players

See also

Bibliography

  • Scott, Jay (1992). 50's Cool: Kay Guitars. Second String Press. pp. 64 pages. ISBN 978-1-880422-01-4.
  • Fjestad, Zach. "Kay [acoustic guitars]". Blue Book of Acoustic Guitar Values. Blue Book Publications, Inc.
    "Source: 1950s/1960s company history courtesy Jay Scott, 50's Cool: Kay Guitars, contemporary history courtesy Michael Wright, Vintage Guitar Magazine, individual model listings: Michael Wright, Guitar Stories, Volume Two."
    See also: Kay (electric guitars), Kay Kraft (electric guitars), Kay Kraft (acoustic guitars), Mayflower (acoustic guitars).

Notes

  1. ↑ American blues guitarist/songwriter.
  2. ↑ Singer/songwriter for the group St. Vincent.
  3. ↑ American jazz/blues guitarist/session musician prominent in the 1950s and 1960s. Kessel endorsed the Kay "Jazz Special", "Artist" and "Pro" guitars. As of 2016 the Barney Kessel name has been assigned exclusive manufacturing rights with the Kay Guitar Company. Kay is now reissuing the 1960s signature models (Barney Kessel Pro, Barney Kessel Artist, Barney Kessel Jazz Special). Contrary to some misleading stories, Barney Kessel often played Kay Guitars and can be seen on video playing a Kay Jazz Special Guitar on the TV series Johnny Staccato, "Television's Jazz Detective".
  4. ↑ Upright bassist for Elvis Presley. Can be heard on "Heartbreak Hotel" and many other classic Elvis Presley recordings.
  5. ↑ Bought his first guitar at a Western Auto Store for 18 dollars.
  6. ↑ His first guitar was a 1947 Kay flat top K19 purchased at Tupelo Hardware by his mother Gladys as a birthday present.
  7. ↑ Played a 1967 white Kay electric "Strat" copy.
  8. ↑ Reed's guitar tone is the most famous example of the unique, thick & biting "Kay sound.".
  9. ↑ Used a Kay Speed Demon in the music video for the Genesis song I Can't Dance.
  10. ↑ Played a black K5970 Kay Jazz Special Bass guitar on Wings' Red Rose Speedway album. This Bass also appears in the official music videos for "Junior's Farm" and "Ebony and Ivory".
  11. ↑ Known for playing the Kay K161 Thin Twin electric guitar http://kayvintagereissue.com/vintageplayers.php.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 1963 Truetone Jazz King on YouTube
  2. 1 2 "Trademark 72207542". – "Truetone" was a registered trademark for musical instruments owned by Western Auto since 1964/1966 until 1989 (or since 1945/1947 until 1992 for radio receiver on trademark 71485315).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Kay History on Chasing Guitars website
  4. ↑ Adams, S. Nathaniel (August 4, 2019). ""Identifying and Dating Kay Guitars"".
  5. ↑ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (1965-10-02). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 55. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  6. ↑ The Purchaser's Guide to the Music Industries. 1968. p. 238.
  7. ↑ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (1967-03-11). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 84. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  8. ↑ The Story of Kay Guitars, Told in 10 Reverb Listings by Frank Meyers, Jul 18, 2017 por Frank Meyers
  9. ↑ Michael Wright (February 2000). "1000 Years of the Guitar, Part 2". Vintage Guitar.
  10. ↑ Lynn Wheelwright (September 2008). "Stromberg Electro". Vintage Guitar.
  11. ↑ "New Sales Avenue Opened with Tone Amplifier for Stringed Instruments". The Music Trades. October 20, 1928. This tone amplifier is electrically operated either by alternating or direct currents. It consists of two major units -- an electro-magnetic pick-up and amplifying unit. The electro-magnetic pick-up is built within the instrument and is attached to its sounding board. The unit is connected with the amplifier, which produces the tone and volume required of the instrument.
  12. ↑ Stromberg Electro Instruments (advertisement on catalog). Chicago Musical Instrument. 1929. Operated from light socket alternating current. No batteries required.
  13. ↑ Maria Dugandzic-Pasic (2010), Croatians of Chicagoland - Images of America, Arcadia Publishing, p. 22, ISBN 978-0-7385-7819-4
  14. 1 2 3 "History of Henry Kuhrmeyer and the Kay Musical Instrument Company. Contains Engelhardt Information". Kay Bass Information and Registration. KayBass.com.
  15. ↑ "Kay History". KingOfKays.com.
  16. ↑ Adams, Nathaniel (August 4, 2019). "Identifying and Dating Kay Guitars". S. Nathaniel Adams.
  17. ↑ "1961 Kay Catalog" (PDF). Kayvintagereissue.com. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  18. ↑ Wright, Michael. "Jack Westheimer — Pioneer of Global Guitarmaking". Vintage Guitar (July 1999). In August '69, the Valco/Kay assets were auctioned off and W.M.I. purchased the rights to the Kay brand name. W.M.I. began to slowly transition Teisco del Rey guitars to the Kay brand name, which gave them greater credibility with dealers. This change was completed by around '73 and the Teisco del Rey name then disappeared. This explains why you will occasionally see a Teisco guitar with a Kay logo.
  19. 1 2 Fjestad & Blue Book.
  20. ↑ "Kay Vintage Reissue Catalog". Kay Guitar Company. 2009.
  21. 1 2 "Kay Guitars (reissued in 2008-2009)". Archived from the original on 2008-03-11.
  22. ↑ "Musician's Friend Maintenance". Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  23. ↑ "1966 Kay Catalog" (PDF). Kay Musical Instrument Co., a division of the Seeburg Corporation.
  24. ↑ "1960 Kay Catalog" (PDF). Kay Musical Instrument Co.
  25. ↑ "The Story of Kay Guitars". MogrelGuitars.com.
  26. 1 2 3 "1959 Kay Catalog" (PDF). Kay Musical Instrument Co.
  27. ↑ "Identifying and Dating Kay Guitars". The Amateur Luthier. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  28. ↑ "Ry's Hardware". RyCooder.nl. Archived from the original on 2014-03-30. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
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