Salzburg
Land Salzburg
State
Flag of Salzburg
Flag
Coat of arms of Salzburg
Coat of arms
Anthem: Salzburger Landeshymne
Location of Salzburg
Country Austria
CapitalSalzburg
Government
 • BodyLandtag of Salzburg
 • GovernorWilfried Haslauer (ÖVP)
 • Deputy Governors
  • Heinrich Schellhorn (Grüne)
  • Christian Stöckl (ÖVP)
Area
 • Total7,156.03 km2 (2,762.96 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total562,606
 • Density79/km2 (200/sq mi)
GDP
[1]
 • Total€29.926 billion (2021)
 • Per capita€53,300 (2021)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeAT-5
HDI (2019)0.939[2]
very high · 2nd of 9
NUTS RegionAT3
Votes in Bundesrat4 (of 62)
Websitewww.salzburg.gv.at

Salzburg (Austrian German: [ˈsaltsbʊʁk], German: [ˈzaltsbʊʁk] ⓘ;[note 1]Austro-Bavarian: Soizbuag, also known as Salzburgerland; Italian: Salisburghese) is an Austrian federal state. In German it is called a Bundesland, a German-to-English dictionary translates that to federal state and the European Commission calls it a province. In German, its official name is Land Salzburg, to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg City. For centuries, it was an independent Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire.

Geography

Typical Salzburg Alpine landscape near Sankt Koloman

Location

Salzburg State covers an area of 7,156 km2 (2,763 sq mi). It stretches along its main river — the Salzach – which rises in the Central Eastern Alps in the south to the Alpine foothills in the north. It is located in the north-west of Austria, close to the border with the German state of Bavaria; to the northeast lies the federal state Upper Austria; to the east the federal state Styria; to the south the federal states Carinthia and Tyrol. With 561,714 inhabitants, it is one of the country's smaller federal states in terms of population.

Running through the south are the main ranges of the Alpine divide (incl. the Hohe Tauern mountains) with numerous three-thousanders. The Dachstein massif and the Berchtesgaden Alps ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps border Salzburg State to the east and north.

Regions

The federal state is traditionally subdivided in five major regions (Gaue), congruent with its political districts (Bezirke, see administrative divisions).

Regions of Salzburg

Major cities and towns

Salzburg municipalities with town privileges:

Wals-Siezenheim, a common municipality with about 12,000 inhabitants, is known as 'Austria's largest village'.

History

Salt has played an important role in the region's development; Salzburg means "salt castle".

Salzburg as an independent state

Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an independent prince-bishopric and State of the Holy Roman Empire until German Mediatisation in 1803.

Electorate of Salzburg

The territory was secularized and, as the Electorate of Salzburg, given as compensation to Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, the brother of Emperor Francis II.

The end of independence

Following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805, Salzburg was annexed by Austria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria, and Ferdinand was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg.

Bavarian Salzburg

After Austria's defeat in 1809, the federal state was handed over to Bavaria in 1810.

The country divided between Bavaria and Austria

In 1816, following the defeat of Napoleon and the provision of adequate compensation to Bavaria at the Congress of Vienna, it was returned to Austria with the exception of the north-western Rupertiwinkel which remained Bavarian. The Salzburger Land was administered as the department of Salzach from Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. In 1849 the Duchy of Salzburg was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire and, after 1866, Austria-Hungary.

World War I

Salzburg participated in World War I, as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49,000 Salzburgers were called to arms, of whom 6,000 were killed.[7]

Post-World War I Austrian republics

In 1918 after World War I, the Duchy of Salzburg was dissolved and replaced with the State of Salzburg, as a component part initially of German Austria and subsequently of the First Republic of Austria, the separate state which was mandated by the Allied powers.

Salzburg in Germany

As a result of Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938, Austria, including Salzburg State, was incorporated into Nazi Germany.

American control

After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognized as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburg State was occupied by the United States.

Salzburg as an Austrian federal state

In 1955, Austria was again declared an independent state and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal states of the Second Republic of Austria.

Demographics

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics

Salzburg adopted its current provincial constitution in 1999. The provincial government (Landesregierung) is headed by a governor (Landeshauptmann), who is elected by a majority in the provincial parliament Landtag. Provincial elections are held every five years.

After World War II, most provincial governments were led by the conservative Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). ÖVP politician Josef Klaus (1910-2001), later chancellor of Austria, served as governor of Salzburg from 1949 till 1961. In 2004 Gabi Burgstaller became the first Social Democratic (and first female) governor of Salzburg.

Chiemseehof, seat of Salzburg's provincial parliament

The last results, in April 2023 (Compared to 2018) were:

Party Votes in % Change Seats Change
  Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) 30.37% Decrease 7.4% 12 Decrease 3
  Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) 25.75% Increase 6.9% 10 Increase 3
  Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) 17.87% Decrease 2.1% 7 Decrease 1
  Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) 11.66% Increase11.3% 4 Increase 4
  The Greens – The Green Alternative (GRÜNE) 8.20% Decrease 1.1% 3 -
  NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum (NEOS) 4.20% Decrease3.1% 0 Decrease 3
  We are Salzburg (WIRS) 1.19% Increase1.2% 0 New
  MFG Austria - People, Freedom, Fundamental Rights (MFG) 0.77% Increase 0.8% 0 New

The current governor of Salzburg, Wilfried Haslauer (ÖVP), entered into coalition discussions with the FPÖ, after his proposition of a ÖVP-FPÖ-SPÖ coalition was rejected by the Social Democrats. Haslauer said "I regret that we could not implement the Alliance for Salzburg". If this coalition goes ahead, Salzburg State will join Lower Austria and Upper Austria as the third black-blue coalition provincial government. The ÖVP will have four seats in the government, while the FPÖ will have three.[8] The current president (speaker) of the Salzburg federal state parliament is Brigitta Pallauf.

Government

Government ministers and their portfolios from the 2018 provincial election until the 2023 provincial election. Because coalition negotiations are underway, the ministry has not been announced, meaning this section is yet to change.

Governor Wilfried Haslauer (ÖVP)

  • Economy
  • Tourism
  • Employment market
  • Municipality administration
  • Education
  • Internal affairs
  • Fire departments
  • Public safety
  • Governor's office
  • European affairs.[9]

1st Deputy Astrid Rössler (Greens)

  • Conservation
  • Environmentalism
  • Water protection
  • Trade
  • Regional development
  • Building law.

2nd Deputy Christian Stöckl (ÖVP)

  • Finance
  • Provincial properties and interests
  • Public health and hospitals.

Members of the provincial government

  • Hans Mayr (TS): Transport, infrastructure, housing
  • Martina Berthold (Greens): Childcare, adult education, universities, research, science, youth, family affairs, intergenerational relationships, desegregation, migration, sports, women's affairs, equal opportunities
  • Josef Schwaiger (ÖVP): Agriculture, forestry, water management, energy, personnel management
  • Heinrich Schellhorn (Greens): Social policy, care nursing, culture, folk culture, museums.

Administrative divisions

Districts

Salzburg State comprises six districts, known as Bezirke or vernacularly Gaue:

Salzburg city is its own administrative district.

Municipalities

The federal state is divided into 119 municipalities, including Salzburg City. 11 of them have city status (Städte), 24 are market towns (Marktgemeinden) and the other 84 are simple municipalities (Gemeinden). Below is a list of all the municipalities divided by district:

Economy

The federal state'sgross domestic product (GDP) was 29 billion € in 2018, accounting for 7.5% of the Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 46,500 € or 154% of the EU27 average in the same year. Salzburg is the federal state with the highest GDP per capita in Austria before Vienna.[10]

Architecture

The Salzburg Cathedral was the first Baroque building in the German-speaking artistic world. Two other important buildings initiated by the Salzburg archbishops were Hohenwerfen Castle and Hohensalzburg Fortress. The first Archbishop of Salzburg was Arno of Salzburg (785–821), in whose honor the world-famous hiking circuit — the Arnoweg — is named.

The predominant stylistic elements of Salzburg's architecture have their origins in the Baroque and the Rococo periods.

Salzburg City's historic centre was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Language

Austrian German is the local written language, and it can be heard especially in the cities. Austro-Bavarian is also spoken, especially in the rural areas and the common language of Salzburgerland.

Visitors' attractions

Sports

Stadion Wals-Siezenheim

Ski resorts

Ski run in Gastein Valley resort

Altenmarkt im Pongau, Flachau, Wagrain, St. Johann, Zell am See (Saalbach-Hinterglemm), Obertauern, Bad Gastein, Rauris, Lofer, Hochkönig, Krispl

Assorted statistics

  • Tourist Regions: 21
  • Resort Towns: 115
  • Guest Beds: 192,000
  • Lakes: 185
  • Biggest lake: Wolfgangsee
  • Longest river: Salzach
  • Highest mountain: Großvenediger — elevation 3,666 metres (12,028 ft)
  • Hiking paths: 7,200 kilometres (4,500 mi)
  • Hill farms: 1,800 — 550 of them serving refreshments
  • National parks: 1
  • Marked cycle paths: 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi)
  • Mountainbike trails (including cross-border routes): 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi)
  • Golf courses: 13
  • Ski slopes: 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi)
  • Cross-country ski trails: 2,220 kilometres (1,380 mi)
  • Night slopes: 14
  • Winter hiking paths: 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi)

Notes

  1. ↑ English: /ˈsɔːltsbɜːrɡ/, also UK: /ˈsæltsbɜːrɡ/, US: /ˈsɔːlzbɜːrɡ, ˈsɑːlz-, ˈsælz-, ˈzɑːltsbʊərk/.[3][4][5][6]

References

  1. ↑ "Basisdaten Bundesländer" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  2. ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
  3. ↑ "Salzburg". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08.
  4. ↑ "Salzburg". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  5. ↑ "Salzburg". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "Salzburg". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  7. ↑ "In 1816 Salzburg was incorporated into Austria". Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
  8. ↑ red, salzburg ORF at/Agenturen (2023-05-02). "Regierungsbildung: ÖVP verhandelt mit FPÖ". salzburg.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  9. ↑ salzburg.gov.at
  10. ↑ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
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