Greater St. Louis Metropolitan Area
St. Louis, MO-IL
Metropolitan area
A NASA image of the Greater St. Louis area at night in December 2013
A NASA image of the Greater St. Louis area at night in December 2013
Location of Greater St. Louis in Missouri and Illinois
Location of Greater St. Louis in Missouri and Illinois
Country United States
State(s) Missouri
 Illinois
Largest city St. Louis
Counties
List
Area
 • Total8,458 sq mi (21,910 km2)
 • Land8,261 sq mi (21,400 km2)
 • Water197 sq mi (510 km2)  2.3%
Elevation
466–1,280 ft (142–390 m)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Metro density339.8/sq mi (131.2/km2)
 • MSA
2,805,473 (20th)
 • CSA
2,909,003 (20th)
 MSA/CSA = 2020
GDP
[2]
 • MSA$209.9 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code(s)217, 314, 447, 557, 573, 618, 636, 730

Greater St. Louis is a bi-state metropolitan statistical area in the United States with its core in both Missouri and Illinois.[3][4] Its largest principal city is the independent city of St. Louis, and its largest employer is St Louis County, Missouri which lies immediately to the west.[5] The pre-war city core is on the Mississippi Riverfront on the border with Illinois in the geographic center of the metro area. The Mississippi River bisects the metro area geographically between Illinois and Missouri; however, the Missouri portion is much more populous. St. Louis is the focus of the largest metro area in Missouri and the Illinois portion known as Metro East is the second largest metropolitan area in that state. St. Louis County is independent of the City of St. Louis and their two populations are generally tabulated separately.

The St. Louis, MO-IL metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes the City of St. Louis; the Illinois counties of Bond, Calhoun, Clinton, Jersey, Macoupin, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair (known collectively as the Metro East); and the Missouri counties of Crawford (only the City of Sullivan),[6] Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis (separate from and not inclusive of the city of St. Louis), and Warren.[7][8]

The larger St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO–IL combined statistical area (CSA) includes all of the aforementioned MSA, plus the Farmington, MO micropolitan statistical area, which includes St. Francois County, Missouri, and the Centralia, IL micropolitan statistical area, which includes Marion County, Illinois.

In 2020, the St. Louis MSA was the 21st-largest in the nation with a population of 2,820,253. The larger CSA is ranked 20th-largest in the United States, with a population of 2,909,003.[9] Due to slow growth in the St. Louis area paired with comparatively rapid growth in the Sun Belt, the St. Louis MSA fell out of the top 20 largest MSAs in the United States in 2017 for the first time since 1840.[10][11][12]

As of 2021, Greater St. Louis is home to the headquarters of ten of Missouri's eleven Fortune 500 companies,[13] six Fortune 1,000 companies, and two of the top 30 largest private companies in America, as ranked by Forbes.[13] The metropolitan area received the All-America City Award in 2008.

History

The Illini Confederacy at one time dominated the lands where St Louis is now located. During the 17th century, the population of indigenous peoples in the area was well over tens of thousands, with a population of 20,000 in the Grand Village of Illinois. Indigenous peoples in the area built earthwork mounds on both sides of the Mississippi River, with the Cahokia Mounds being the regional center. Due to mounds inside city limits, St Louis still has a nickname of "Mound City".

Pierre Laclede Liguest and his 13-year-old grandson, Auguste Chouteau, selected St. Louis as the site for a French fur trading post in 1764 due to its proximity to the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, as well as its propensity to not flood. In 1770, St Louis ownership was transferred to Spain, and then returned to France during a secret treaty (Treaty of San Ildefonso), before becoming a part of the United States during the 1803 Louisiana Purchase.

St Louis steadily grew after the Louisiana Purchase due to the city being the starting point for Lewis and Clark and its access to water transportation. It was incorporated as a city in 1823. Between 1840 and 1860, the population exploded with immigrants, especially those of German and Irish descent. St Louis's current boundaries were established in 1876. After the American Civil War, St Louis continued to grow into a major manufacturing center due to its access to rail and water transportation. By the 1890s, St Louis was the 4th largest city in the United States.

In 1904 St Louis hosted the world's fair in Forest Park along with the Olympics at Washington University's Francis Field. More than 20 million people visited the city during the fairs seven-month long run. St Louis was seen as a city of industrialization with ties to the automobile industry. The Great Migration between World War I and World War II brought thousands of African Americans to the city, boosting St Louis's population to 800,000 by 1940. The population peaked in 1950 at 856,000, however there was no more room for expansion within city boundaries and earlier immigrant generations started moving to suburbs that could not be annexed.

During the mid-1960s the Gateway Arch and Busch Stadium started being built in part to help revitalize the central business district with a 30-year downtown building boom following. Today, there is a continued population decline, however, revitalization efforts are still well under way.[14]

Political divisions in Greater St. Louis

The population of political divisions in Greater St. Louis (2020)
StateMajor divisionPopulation
IllinoisBond16,630
IllinoisCalhoun4,802
IllinoisClinton37,639
IllinoisJersey21,847
IllinoisMacoupin45,313
IllinoisMadison264,461
IllinoisMonroe34,335
IllinoisSt. Clair261,059
MissouriCrawford23,056
MissouriFranklin104,682
MissouriJefferson226,739
MissouriLincoln59,574
MissouriSt. Charles405,262
MissouriSt. Louis City301,578
MissouriSt. Louis County1,004,125
MissouriWarren35,532
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
183014,125—
184035,979154.7%
1850104,978191.8%
1860190,52481.5%
1870351,18984.3%
1880382,4068.9%
1890554,64845.0%
1900801,13144.4%
19101,003,85825.3%
19201,139,87713.5%
19301,359,51219.3%
19401,432,0885.3%
19501,681,28117.4%
19602,262,62434.6%
19702,535,72512.1%
19802,503,549−1.3%
19902,580,8973.1%
20002,698,6874.6%
20102,787,7013.3%
20202,820,2531.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790–1960[16] 1900–1990[17]
1990–2000[18] 2010–2014[19]

Missouri

Illinois

As noted above, the Greater St. Louis area includes two municipalities named O'Fallon (in St. Charles County, Missouri and St. Clair County, Illinois), two municipalities named Troy (in Lincoln County, Missouri and Madison County, Illinois), and two municipalities named Chesterfield (in St. Louis County, Missouri and Macoupin County, Illinois).

Greater St. Louis contains several separately-chartered, county-level governmental units that exist independently of the hierarchical municipality-county-state structure. These span multiple counties, and even cross state lines. Generally, their jurisdiction is focused on providing specific services that otherwise would be inadequately funded or inefficiently provided. They include the Bi-State Development Agency, the Great Rivers Greenway District, the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District, and the Special School District of St. Louis County. The East-West Gateway Council of Governments is the federally-designated metropolitan planning organization for the region's transportation infrastructure.

The nearby Hannibal–Quincy micropolitan area and Springfield, Illinois metropolitan area are technically not located within the metropolitan area, but are regionally associated due to their proximity and accessibility to Greater St. Louis.[21]

Demographics

According to the 2010 United States Census, in Greater St. Louis there were 2,787,701 people living in 1,143,001 households, of which 748,892 households were families.

Race

In 2010, 98.2 percent of the population of Greater St. Louis considered themselves of one race, while 1.8 percent considered themselves of two or more races (e.g. biracial). Of those of one race, 2,214,298 residents or 76.9 percent of the population were white, 519,221 or 18 percent were African American, 60,316 or 2.1 percent were Asian American, and 32,542 residents or 1.1 percent were American Indian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander American, or some other race. 72,797 residents or 2.5 percent were Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race.

Religion

Religion in the St. Louis metropolitan area (2014)[22]

  Protestantism (47%)
  Roman Catholicism (25%)
  Mormonism (2%)
  Other Christian (1%)
  No religion (21%)
  Judaism (1%)
  Islam (1%)
  Hinduism (1%)
  Other religion (1%)

According to a Pew Research study conducted in 2014, 75% of St. Louis metro area residents identify with Christianity and its various denominations, and 4% are adherents of non-Christian religions. 21% have no religion. Of those, about 3% specifically identify as atheists, about 3% identify as agnostics, and about 16% identify as "Nothing in particular".[22]

The religious demographics of the St. Louis metro area are as follows:[22]

Age and gender

As of 2010, the median age for Greater St. Louis is 38.2, and 47.4 percent of the population was male while 52.6 percent of the population was female.

Income and housing statistics

As of 2010, Greater St. Louis included 1,264,680 housing units, and 90.4 percent or 1,143,001 units were occupied. Of those units that were vacant, 3.2 percent or 40,553 units were for rent, 1.6 percent or 19,956 were for sale, 1 percent or 12,575 were unoccupied seasonal homes, and .5 percent or 6,771 were sold or rented but unoccupied. 3.3 percent or 41,884 units were vacant and not for sale or rent. Of the occupied housing units, 70.6 percent or 807,431 were owner-occupied with 2,075,622 occupants. 29.4 percent or 335,570 units were rented with 739,749 occupants.[23]

In 2010, the median income for a household in the St. Louis metro was $50,900.[25]

Transportation

Transportation in Greater St. Louis includes road, rail, and air transportation modes connecting the communities in the area with national and international transportation networks. Parts of Greater St. Louis also support a public transportation network that includes bus, as well as the MetroLink light rail which began operating in 1993. The principal airport serving the region is St. Louis Lambert International Airport, located in St. Louis County. It also includes MidAmerica St. Louis Airport.

Brookings Hall, the administrative building for Washington University in St. Louis

Education

Education in Greater St. Louis is provided by 132 public school districts,[26][27] independent private schools, parochial schools, and several public library systems. Greater St. Louis also is home to more than 30 colleges and universities.

Parks

Parks in Greater St. Louis are administered by a variety of state, county, and municipal authorities, and the region also includes the state of Missouri's only National Park, Gateway Arch National Park. Several Missouri state parks in the region and parks owned by St. Louis County are larger than 1,000 acres, while one park in the city of St. Louis, Forest Park, also exceeds 1,000 acres.

Economy

The 2014 Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of St. Louis was $145.958 billion,[28] that makes St. Louis the 21st highest GMP in the United States. The three largest categories of employment in Greater St. Louis are trade, transportation, and utilities with 249,000 workers, education and healthcare services with 225,000 workers, and professional and business services with 185,000 workers.[29] Greater St. Louis has more than 1.3 million non-farm workers, representing roughly 15 percent of the non-farm workforce of Missouri and Illinois combined. As of May 2011, 125,000 non-farm workers were unemployed in Greater St. Louis, with an unemployment rate of 8.6 percent. As of the third quarter of 2010, the Greater St. Louis region had more than 73,000 companies or establishments paying wages, while average weekly wages for that period were $833, slightly lower than the U.S. national average of $870.

The largest industry by business conducted was wholesaling with $71 billion, followed by manufacturing with $67 billion, retail trade with $36 billion, and healthcare with $16 billion. The area's largest employer by sector was healthcare with 174,000 workers, followed by retail trade with 152,000 workers and manufacturing with 134,000 workers.[30] Using available data, the combined value of business conducted in the combined statistical area was $213 billion in 2007.[30] With a gross metropolitan product of $112 billion in 2009, St. Louis' economy makes up 40% of the Gross State Product of Missouri.[31]

Companies and major employers

As of 2021, Greater St. Louis is home to eight of Missouri's ten Fortune 500 companies: Centene (#24), Emerson Electric (#181), Reinsurance Group of America (#207), Edward Jones (#295), Graybar (#399), Ameren (#469), Olin Corporation (#472), and Post Holdings (#474).[32] In addition, the area is home to six Fortune 1,000 companies: Stifel (#633), Peabody Energy (#772), Energizer Holdings (#775), Caleres (#935), Belden (#964), Spire (#999). As well as two of the Top 50 Largest Private Companies in America, as ranked by Forbes: Enterprise Holdings (#9) and World Wide Technology (#20).[13]

Other notable corporations from the area include Wells Fargo Advisors (formerly A.G. Edwards), Energizer Holdings, and Ralcorp. Significant healthcare and biotechnology institutions with operations in St. Louis include Pfizer, the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, the Solae Company, Sigma-Aldrich, and Multidata Systems International.

Although it was purchased by Belgium-based InBev, Anheuser-Busch continues its presence in the city, as does Mallinckrodt Incorporated in spite of its purchase by Tyco International. General Motors continues to produce cars in the St. Louis area, although Chrysler closed its production facility in the region, which was located in Fenton, Missouri. Despite its purchase by Nestlé, Ralston Purina remained headquartered in St. Louis as a wholly owned subsidiary.[33] St. Louis is also home to Boeing Phantom Works (formerly McDonnell-Douglas).[34] In addition, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in downtown is one of two federal reserve banks in Missouri.[35]

St. Louis County in particular is home to several area companies. Monsanto Company, formerly a chemical company and now a leader in genetically modified crops, is headquartered in Creve Coeur.[36] Express Scripts, a pharmaceutical benefits management firm, has its corporate headquarters in the suburbs of St. Louis, near the campus of the University of Missouri–St. Louis. Energizer Holdings, the battery company, is headquartered in Town and Country.[37] Enterprise Rent-A-Car's headquarters are located in Clayton.[38] Charter Communications was formerly headquartered in Town and Country, until the executive team moved to Stamford, Connecticut; however, Charter has continued to grow in St. Louis and has upwards of 4,000 employees in the region as of mid-2018.[39] Emerson Electric's headquarters are located in Ferguson.[40] Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is headquartered in Berkeley.[41][42] Edward Jones Investments is headquartered in Des Peres.[43][44] From 1994 until its acquisition in 2000 by Tyco International, another chemical company, Mallinckrodt, was headquartered in St. Louis County. Many of the former Mallinckrodt facilities are still in operation by Tyco in the St. Louis suburb of Hazelwood, Missouri. Others are SSM Health Care, Mercy Hospital, and the Tenet Healthcare Corporation chain.

Companies headquartered in Greater St. Louis

Sports

The Greater St. Louis area is currently home to four professional sports teams: the St. Louis Blues (NHL) who won the Stanley Cup in 2019, and the St. Louis Cardinals (MLB), who have won 19 National League Pennants, and 11 World Series Championships, the St. Louis BattleHawks (XFL (2020)) and the St. Louis City SC (MLS).[45]

ClubSportFirst seasonLeagueVenue
St. Louis Cardinals Baseball 1882 Major League Baseball Busch Stadium
St. Louis Blues Ice hockey 1967 National Hockey League Enterprise Center
St. Louis City SC Soccer 2023 Major League Soccer Citypark
St. Louis BattleHawks American football 2020 XFL The Dome at America's Center

See also

References

  1. ↑ "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Total Gross Domestic Product for St. Louis, MO-IL (MSA)". fred.stlouisfed.org.
  3. ↑ "2020 Census Urban Areas of the United States and Puerto Rico" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  4. ↑ "Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 123/Monday, June 28, 2010/Notices" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Establishment employment and wages fourth quarter 2022". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
  6. ↑ OMB BULLETIN NO. 15-01 https://www.bls.gov/bls/omb-bulletin-15-01-revised-delineations-of-metropolitan-statistical-areas.pdf
  7. ↑ Bureau, US Census. "Delineation Files". www.census.gov. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Missouri Statistical Areas and Counties" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 2, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  9. ↑ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  10. ↑ O'Dea, Doug Moore, Janelle. "St. Louis region falls out of the Top 20 metros in the U.S." stltoday.com. Retrieved December 2, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ "Historical Metropolitan Populations of the United States - Peakbagger.com". www.peakbagger.com. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: 2010-2020". www.census.gov. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 "America's Largest Private Companies". Forbes. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  14. ↑ "A Brief History of St Louis". Archived from the original on July 26, 2023.
  15. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  17. ↑ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 18, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  19. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  20. ↑ "St. Louis County Communities Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine." St. Louis County. St. Louis County Government and St. Louis County Municipal League. Accessed April 16, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Saint Louis: Day Trips - TripAdvisor". www.tripadvisor.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  22. 1 2 3 Adults in the St. Louis metro area, Pew Research Center
  23. 1 2 U.S. Census Bureau (2010).
  24. ↑ "2018 Population Estimates". US Census Bureau. US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  25. ↑ "US Conference of Mayors" (PDF). Metro Economics Report. IHS Global Insight. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 31, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  26. ↑ "Missouri School Directory" (PDF). Missouri Comprehensive Data System, State of Missouri Districts, Charters, & Schools. Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. March 7, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  27. ↑ "ISBE Education Data Systems, Public School District Lookup". Illinois State Board of Education. Illinois State Board of Education. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  28. ↑ "U.S. Cities With Bigger Economies Than Entire Countries". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  29. ↑ Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2011).
  30. 1 2 2007 Economic Census.
  31. ↑ Thomas, G. Scott (April 2010). "Gross metropolitan products for 366 U.S. metros". Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  32. ↑ "Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". Fortune. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Ratings and Rankings – Area Companies". Stlrcga.org. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  34. ↑ Stoller, Gary (March 24, 2003). "JDAM smart bombs prove to be accurate and a good buy". Usatoday.Com. Archived from the original on March 25, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  35. ↑ "About Us | The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis". St. Louis Fed. Archived from the original on December 19, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  36. ↑ "Monsanto CFO to retire Archived 2011-05-12 at the Wayback Machine." St. Louis Business Journal. Wednesday August 12, 2009. Retrieved on August 19, 2009.
  37. ↑ Volkmann, Kelsey. "Energizer to cut jobs as sales slump Archived 2009-08-02 at the Wayback Machine." St. Louis Business Journal. Tuesday July 28, 2009. Retrieved on August 18, 2009.
  38. ↑ Hathaway, Matthew. "KC Star: Enterprise didn’t tell buyers cars lacked side air bags." St. Louis Post-Dispatch. August 17, 2009. Retrieved on August 18, 2009.
  39. ↑ "Town and County, Mo.-Based Charter Communications to Buy Back Employee Stock." St. Louis Post-Dispatch. January 21, 2004. Retrieved on August 18, 2009.
  40. ↑ Edwards, Greg. "$60 million in data centers coming online at Emerson Archived 2012-10-25 at the Wayback Machine." St. Louis Business Journal. Friday August 29, 2008. Retrieved on August 18, 2009.
  41. ↑ "Berkeley city, Missouri." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on June 8, 2009.
  42. ↑ "Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation (Boeing Integrated Def Systems) Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine." Manta. Retrieved on June 8, 2009.
  43. ↑ Thimangu, Patrick L. "Des Peres, Mo.-Based Edward Jones Brokerage Looks to Europe for Expansion." St. Louis Post-Dispatch. November 27, 2002. Retrieved on August 19, 2009.
  44. ↑ "St. Louis firms make Fortune's best workplaces Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine." St. Louis Business Journal. Thursday January 22, 2009. Modified on Tuesday January 27, 2009. Retrieved on August 19, 2009.
  45. ↑ "Greatest sports events in St. Louis". STLtoday.com. St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved September 19, 2018.

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