Solomon Areda
ሰለሞን አረዳ
Judge of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal
Incumbent
Assumed office 1 July 2023
Vice-President of the Federal Supreme Court
In office 1 November 2018 – 17 January 2023
President	Sahle-Work Zewde
Prime Minister	Abiy Ahmed
Preceded by	Tsegaye Asemamaw
Succeeded by	Abeba Embiale
Personal details
Born	Garba Guracha, Salale, Ethiopia
Spouse	Mulualem Girma
Children	Blen Solomon Nahomi Solomon Keol Solomon Beka Solomon
Education	Harvard University (MPA, LLM), Amsterdam University (LLM), Addis Ababa University (LLB)

Solomon Areda Waktolla (Amharic: ሰለሞን አረዳ ዋቅቶላ, Oromo: Solomoon Araddaa Waqtolaa) is an Ethiopian lawyer who had served as the Deputy Chief Justice/Vice President of the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia from 2018 to 2023.^[1] Solomon is a prominent^[2] lawyer^[3] with 25 years of experience in the practice of law, public administration and policy research who is committed for seeing^[4] a free and independent judiciary in Ethiopia.^[5] Solomon served in the Ethiopian Judiciary mainly as a judge for 20 years on different levels of the court in both regional and federal positions.^[6] In addition, he has been appointed to the membership of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) at The Hague, Netherlands for a six-year term to serve as an Arbitrator.^[7] Solomon was appointed on 15 November 2022 by the UN General Assembly as a Half-time Judge of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal for a mandate starting on 1 July 2023 and ending on 30 June 2030. He is an accomplished judge and jurist with many years of legal and judicial work experience at both national and international levels.^[8]

Early life and education

Solomon Areda was born in the town of Garba Guracha, Salalee, North Shewa zone of Oromia regional state in Ethiopia.^[9]

He attended his elementary and high school education in a public school in the town of Garba Guracha. He then attended Addis Ababa University and obtained a bachelor's degree in Law in 1997. He received a Masters of Laws degree (LL.M) from Harvard Law School and Master of public Administration (MPA) from Harvard Kennedy School of Government.^[10] He obtained HIID Merit Scholarship award from Harvard University. At Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Solomon completed the fellowship of Edward S. Mason Program in public Policy and Management.^[11] In addition, he received Masters of Laws (LL.M) in International Economic Law at the University of Amsterdam.^[12]

He is a member of the Harvard Alumni Association and currently serving as Harvard University Contact Person in Ethiopia.^[13] Solomon is a fellow of Golda Meir Mount Carmel International Training Center^[11] and an alumnus of the Center for American and International Law.^[14]

Judicial career

After graduating from the law school, Solomon began working as an assistant judge in the Oromia Region Supreme Court. After his clerkship, Solomon was appointed as a judge of the Regional High Court in West Shewa Zone of Oromia region in Ambo Town. During his years in the Ambo High Court, he served in both Civil and Criminal divisions of the court. In 2001, Solomon started his judgeship at the Federal First Instance Court of Ethiopia.^[3] From February 2003 to January 2009, Solomon served as a Federal High Court Judge and sat in Commercial, Criminal and Labor Divisions of the Federal High Court.

During his six-years tenure at the Federal High Court, Justice Solomon presided over the historical Ethiopian Red Terror genocide trial^[15] where the former Ministers and other Higher Officials that served during the Derg regime were prosecuted for genocide and crimes against humanity.^[16]

In January 2009, the Ethiopian House of Parliament appointed Solomon to serve as the Vice President of the Federal First Instance Court of Ethiopia.^[17]

Private legal practice

After graduating from Harvard law School, in December 2014 Solomon started the private legal practice, establishing his own firm named Solomon Areda Law Office in Addis Ababa. Solomon Areda Law office offered a diversified expertise on various areas of the law; ranging from dealing in complex litigation and arbitration, corporate and commercial transactions, banking and finance, labor and employment, intellectual property, energy and infrastructure, mining and natural resources, construction law and Tax law.^[9] He advised both local, as well as global multi-nationals^[6] seeking to do business in Ethiopia and other African Countries^[18][19][3] Solomon also represented local and international companies on multi-million commercial disputes before Federal Courts and Arbitration Tribunals.

Membership of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

Deputy Chief Justice Solomon was appointed to the membership of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) for a term of six years as of December 2017 to serve as an arbitrator.^[20] The PCA was the first permanent intergovernmental organization to provide a forum for the resolution of international disputes through arbitration and other peaceful means. The PCA is established by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, concluded at The Hague 1899 during the first Hague Peace Conference to facilitate arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution between states.^[21]

Policy research

The Ethiopian Government in collaboration with UNDP hired an international consultant, Center for International Legal Cooperation CILC), to conduct a study in order to identify the shortcomings of the Ethiopian legal system. In this study, Solomon worked with the group of International Experts and produced a Comprehensive Justice Sector Reform Program Base Line Study Report. The Ethiopian legal reform was initiated based on this study.^[22]

Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute the US based non-profit organization, organized The Way Forward Project^[12] to conduct a study analyzing opportunities and challenges facing policy makers in six African Countries including Ethiopia as they work to develop system of Care that serve children in and through their families. Justice Solomon, worked with a group of international Experts in framing the strategies for developing the legal and government infrastructure necessary to support child welfare systems which promote individualized best interest determinations and family-based care. The Way Forward Project was released at US State Department Summit held on 8 November 2011 at George C. Marshall Center in the presence of the former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and other officials from the US and other parts of the world.^[12]

Solomon engaged in coordinating various projects with NGOs and Government offices geared towards promoting child justice through child friendly courts. He presented a research paper on 'the creation of child friendly courts in Ethiopia' on the UN Conference on the Convention of the Rights of the Child held in Geneva November 2009.^[23]

At Harvard Law School Solomon, as a required written work, authored legal policy research on Land governance regime of Ethiopia.^[24] Ethiopia is one of the African countries that attracted foreign investors in agricultural land investment. However, these land investments has led to widespread displacement of the local people and massive human right violations. The government leased these lands to foreign investors by displacing small scale land holders, pastoralists and other indigenous people, who depend on land for their survival.^[24] The research focuses on how to redesign the land governance system of Ethiopia by examining a wide range of other countries' collaborative arrangements between large-scale investors and local small-scale farmers and finally proposes what alternative inclusive business models and policy frame works to be adapted in the Ethiopia's context to address the current challenges.^[24]

Appointment to the position of Deputy Chief Justice

On 1 November 2018, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed announced the nomination of Meaza Ashenafi and Solomon Areda to the Chief justice and Deputy Chief Justice position of the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia respectively in the Ethiopian Parliament. The House of People's Representatives (HPR) approved their appointment by unanimous vote.^[25] Some of the parliamentarians who spoke during the nomination have also praised the Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed for his picks based on meritocracy.^[3] Deputy Chief Justice Solomon, serving alongside newly appointed Chief Justice Meaza Ashenafi, is engaged with reforming^[26] and modernizing ^[27] the Ethiopian Judiciary since coming into office.^[28] He is also presiding over one of the cassation benches of the Federal Supreme court.^[29] Furthermore, he is serving as a Deputy chair of the Council of the Constitutional Inquiry of Ethiopia.^[30]

On 17 January 2023, Meaza Ashenafi and Solomon Areda resigned from their post. A letter of HoPR did not mention the reason behind their resignations.^[31]

Appointment to the UN Dispute Tribunal

Justice Solomon Areda Waktolla was appointed as a half time Judge of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal for the term 2023-2030 by the UN General Assembly in its 34th plenary meeting 77th session held on the 15th of November 2022 in New York. The United Nations Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) is the court of first instance in the internal justice system of the United Nations. The UNDT is composed of three full-time Judges and six half-time Judges. All of them have a seven years term.^[32] In Pursuant to the UN General Assembly resolution 63/253 and further amended subsequent resolutions and the statute of the Dispute Tribunal, the judges shall be appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Internal Justice Council. To be eligible for appointment as a judge, a person shall be of high moral character and impartial and possess many years of judicial experience in the field of administrative and international law, or the equivalent within one or more national jurisdictions. The judges of the Dispute Tribunal shall be considered officials other than Secretariat officials under the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations. In this highly competitive election, Justice Solomon Waktolla won Justice Joanne Harrison, associate justice of supreme court in Australia, scoring the highest vote of 97 out of 190 member states of UN General assembly meeting.^[33]

Likewise, Judge Sun Xiangzhuang from China's Supreme people's Court and Judge Sean Daniel Wallace, a Maryland judge from United States ,were also appointed as a Judge of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal by the UN General Assembly in its 34th plenary meeting 77th session for terms beginning on 1 July 2023 and ending on 30 June 2030.^[34]

Personal life

Justice Solomon Waktolla was married to his wife Mulualem Girma Tadesse. They had two daughters Blen Solomon and Nahomi Solomon, and two sons Keol Solomon and Beka Solomon. ^[35]

See also

• Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia
• List of Harvard University people
• Harvard Law School Notable people
• Harvard Kennedy School Notable Alumni
• List of Harvard Law School alumni

References