Robert Giffen

Robert Giffen
Robert Giffen
Born	22 July 1837; Strathaven, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died	12 April 1910 (aged 72); Fort Augustus, Scotland
Alma mater	University of Glasgow
Occupation(s)	Economist, statistician

Sir Robert Giffen KCB FRS (22 July 1837 – 12 April 1910) was a Scottish statistician and economist.^[1]

Life

Giffen was born at Strathaven, Lanarkshire. He entered a solicitor's office in Glasgow, and while in that city attended courses at the university. He drifted into journalism, and after working for the Stirling Journal he went to London in 1862 and joined the staff of the Globe. He also assisted John Morley, when the latter edited the Fortnightly Review. In 1868 he became Walter Bagehot's assistant-editor on The Economist; and his services were also secured in 1873 as city editor of the Daily News, and later of The Times.

His reputation as a financial journalist and statistician, gained in these years, led to his appointment in 1876 as head of the statistical department in the Board of Trade, and subsequently he became assistant secretary (1882) and finally controller-general (1892), retiring in 1897. As chief statistical adviser to the government, he drew up reports, gave evidence before commissions of inquiry, and acted as a government auditor.

Giffen was president of the Statistical Society (1882–1884); He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1891. In 1892 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1894 he received the Guy Medal (gold) from the RSS. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1897.

Robert Giffen continued in later years to take a leading part in all public controversies connected with finance and taxation, and his high authority and practical experience were universally recognised. He was awarded a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1895.^[2] He died somewhat suddenly in Fort Augustus, Scotland on 12 April 1910.

Works

Giffen published essays on financial subjects. His major publications were:

American Railways as Investments (1873);
Essays on Finance (1879 and 1884);
The Progress of the Working Classes (1884);
The Growth of Capital (1890);
The Case against Bimetallism (1892); and
Economic Inquiries and Studies (1904).^[3]

The concept of a Giffen good is named after him. Alfred Marshall wrote in the third (1895) edition of his Principles of Economics:

As Mr. Giffen has pointed out, a rise in the price of bread makes so large a drain on the resources of the poorer labouring families and raises so much the marginal utility of money to them, that they are forced to curtail their consumption of meat and the more expensive farinaceous foods: and, bread being still the cheapest food which they can get and will take, they consume more, and not less of it.

Marshall's attribution identified no corresponding passage in Giffen's writings.

On 25 March 1908, Giffen spoke at the Royal United Services Institution in London, where he predicted that a major war would shock the world credit system, which in turn would virtually halt international trade.^[4] This inspired the British Admiralty's plans for economic warfare at the outbreak of the First World War.^[5]

References

R. S. Mason Robert Giffen and the Giffen Paradox, Philip Allan (1989)
A. E. Bateman, "Sir Robert Giffen", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 73, (1910) pp. 529–533. (includes photograph)
F. Y. Edgeworth, "Sir Robert Griffen", Economic Journal, 20, (1910) pp. 318–321.
"Sir Robert Giffen - Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 13 April 1910.

Notes

↑ "Giffen, Sir Robert". Who's Who: 738. 1910.
↑ "Sir Robert Giffen". The Times. London. 13 April 1910. p. 13.
↑ "Review of Economic Inquiries and Studies by Sir Robert Giffen, 2 vols". The Oxford Magazine. The Proprietors. 23: 419. 21 June 1905.
↑
See:
- Giffen, Robert (1908). "The necessity of a war chest in this country, or a greatly increased gold reserve". Royal United Services Institution. Journal. 52 (368): 1329–1353. doi:10.1080/03071840809418923.
- "Our gold reserve: Necessity for a war chest," The Morning Post (London), 1908 March 26; reprinted in: James Carmichael Smith, Money and Profit-sharing: Or, The Double Standard Money System (London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1908), pp. 196–200.
- Lambert, Nicholas A. (2012). Planning Armageddon. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780674063068.
↑ (Lambert, 2012), p. 111.

External links

Works by or about Robert Giffen at Wikisource

Attribution

The main part of this entry is taken from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "Giffen, Sir Robert". Who's Who: 738. 1910.

[Obit-2] "Sir Robert Giffen". The Times. London. 13 April 1910. p. 13.

[3] "Review of Economic Inquiries and Studies by Sir Robert Giffen, 2 vols". The Oxford Magazine. The Proprietors. 23: 419. 21 June 1905.

[4] See:
Giffen, Robert (1908). "The necessity of a war chest in this country, or a greatly increased gold reserve". Royal United Services Institution. Journal. 52 (368): 1329–1353. doi:10.1080/03071840809418923.

"Our gold reserve: Necessity for a war chest," The Morning Post (London), 1908 March 26; reprinted in: James Carmichael Smith, Money and Profit-sharing: Or, The Double Standard Money System (London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1908), pp. 196–200.

Lambert, Nicholas A. (2012). Planning Armageddon. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780674063068.

[mwgQ] Giffen, Robert (1908). "The necessity of a war chest in this country, or a greatly increased gold reserve". Royal United Services Institution. Journal. 52 (368): 1329–1353. doi:10.1080/03071840809418923.

[mwiQ] "Our gold reserve: Necessity for a war chest," The Morning Post (London), 1908 March 26; reprinted in: James Carmichael Smith, Money and Profit-sharing: Or, The Double Standard Money System (London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1908), pp. 196–200.

[mwjQ] Lambert, Nicholas A. (2012). Planning Armageddon. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780674063068.

[5] (Lambert, 2012), p. 111.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838 Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840 The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842 Viscount Sandon 1842–1843 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845 Lord Ashley 1845–1847 The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849 The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851 The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853 The Lord Overstone 1853–1855 The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857 The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859 Lord Stanley 1859–1861 Lord John Russell 1861–1863 Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865 William Henry Sykes 1865–1867 The Lord Houghton 1867–1869 William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871 William Newmarch 1871–1873 William Farr 1873–1875 William Guy 1875–1877 James Heywood 1877–1879 George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880 Thomas Brassey 1880–1882 James Caird 1882–1884 Robert Giffen 1884–1886 Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888 George Goschen 1888–1890 Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892 Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894 Charles Booth 1894–1896 The Lord Farrer 1896–1897 John Biddulph Martin 1897 Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899 Leonard Courtney 1899–1900 Henry Fowler 1900–1902 The Lord Avebury
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