East Chadic
Geographic distribution	southern Chad and northern Cameroon
Linguistic classification	Afro-Asiatic Chadic East Chadic
Subdivisions	East Chadic A East Chadic B
Glottolog	east2632
East Chadic per Newman (1977)

The three dozen East Chadic languages of the Chadic family are spoken in Chad and Cameroon.^[1]

Speakers of various East Chadic languages are locally known as Hadjarai peoples.^[2][3] The largest East Chadic language is Nancere.^[4]

Languages

The branches of East Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format.^[5]

The East Chadic B classification follows that of Lovestrand (2012).

• East Chadic A
  • Sibine (A.1.1): Mire, Ndam, Somrai, Tumak, Motun, Mawer
  • Miltu (A.1.2): Boor, Gadang, Miltu, Sarua
  • Nancere (A.2.1):^[6] Nancere, Kimré, Lele
  • Gabri (A.2.2):^[6] Gabri, Kabalai, Tobanga
  • Kwang (A.3): Kwang, Kera
• East Chadic B^[7]
  • B.1
    • Dangla (B.1.1): Bidiyo (Bidiya), Dangaléat (Dangla), Birgit, Jonkor Bourmataguil, Mabire, Migaama, Mogum (Jegu), Toram
    • Mubi (B.1.2): Mubi, Kajakse, Masmaje, Zirenkel (Zerenkel)
    • ? Kujargé (B.1.3)^[8]
  • Mokilko (Mukulu, Gergiko) (B.2)
  • Sokoro (B.3): Saba, Sokoro, Tamki, Mawa, Ubi^[9]
  • Barein (Baraïn) (B.4, including the Jalking or Jelkung dialect)

Peust (2018), however, has a somewhat different phylogenetic classification for East Chadic.^[4] The most striking change is the repositioning of Mokilko (B.2) from East Chadic B to East Chadic A, where it now constitutes the first branch to separate, followed by Lele-Nancere (A.2.1). Within East Chadic B, he treats the Mubi group (B.1.2) as the first primary branching, with all the rest forming a subgroup divided between Dangla (B.1.1) in the north and Barain plus Sokoro (B.3 and B.4) in the south.

East Chadic A is distributed primarily in Tandjilé and neighbouring regions. East Chadic B is distributed primarily in Guéra and neighbouring regions.^[10]

Numerals

Comparison of numerals in individual languages:^[11]

References