In 2007 in Poland
Shtandart under sail in Baltic Sea, 2007
History
Russian Navy EnsignRussia
NameShtandart
NamesakeFrigate (1703), imperial yacht ship
OwnerShtandart Project (St Petersburg)
BuilderVladimir Martus
Laid downNovember 4, 1994
LaunchedSeptember 4, 1999
CommissionedJune 25, 2000
Identification
StatusSail training vessel
General characteristics (typical)
Class and typereplica 28-gun frigate,
Displacement220 tons[1]
Length
  • 34.5 m (113 ft) (overall),[1]
  • 25.88 m (84.9 ft) (registered length)[1]
Beam7.0 m (23.0 ft)[1]
Height33 m (108 ft) mainmast[1]
Draft3.0–3.3 m (9.8–10.8 ft)[1]
DecksBerth, Gun, Spar
Propulsion
Sail plan620 m2 (6,700 sq ft) on three masts[1]
Speed11 knots (20 km/h)
Complement
  • 1703: 120 seamen,
  • 1999: 40 seamen
Armament7 modern saluting guns (original of 1703 had 28 guns)

The frigate Shtandart (Russian: Штандартъ) is a modern replica of the first ship of Russia's Baltic fleet, was launched in 1703 at the Olonetsky shipyard near Olonets by the decree of Tsar Peter I and orders issued by commander Aleksandr Menshikov. The name Shtandart was also given to the royal yachts of the tsars until the Russian Revolution in 1917. Tsar Nicholas II's royal yacht was last of this series.

Background

On January 22, 1702, at the height of the Third Northern War, Peter the Great ordered the construction of the Shtandart (Russian: Штандартъ) . The ship, a 28-gun frigate, was the first part of Russia's later Baltic Fleet. She was responsible for repelling the Swedish naval attack on Saint Petersburg in 1705.

The original was designed by Peter the Great himself, after his trip to Netherlands and England. Completed in August 1703 by the Dutch master Vibe Gerense and then, with Peter as captain, sailed to St. Petersburg to be baptized. The ship was named Shtandart, after a new Royal standard showing all four seas to which Russia now had access.

Image of the original flag, used by Peter the Great.

It served in the Third Northern War and was the flagship of the Russian Navy for 16 years. After it was retired in 1719, it remained in the Kronverk Canal behind the Peter and Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg. In 1728 it was so dilapidated that the hull broke into pieces during lifting.[2] Tsarina Catharina the First gave orders to build a replica, but they were not carried out at the time.

History

Saint Petersburg would celebrate its 300th anniversary in 2003. In 1988 the management of the Hermitage Museum commissioned maritime researcher Viktor Krainukov to construct an exposition model of the first ship built at that time, namely the flagship of Peter the Great: the Shtandart.

1992

There was very little data, but after extensive research, he made a set of construction drawings and the model. When Vladimir Martous, driving force behind the Maritime Training Center, first saw that model of the imperial warship in the city's Menshikov Palace in 1992, he promised to let her sail again.
"On the moment I saw it, I fell in love," he said."[3]

1993

Construction planning

In November 1994, 275 years after it sailed for the last time, the actual reconstruction of the Shtandart was finally able to start.

Martous drew up plans for recreating the Shtandart. Construction drawings were made with the help of researchers such as Greg Palmer, ship historian and Viktor Krainukov, expert on Russian shipbuilding history.

1994

He worked on the Batavia Dock in Lelystad under the direction of Willem Vos and used his own experience in the construction of an earlier ship, the St. Peter, which he built especially to visit the "Fêtes maritimes de Douarnenez " of 1992, and that he had sold to finance the construction of the Shtandart. Later this ship starred in the film series Pirates of the Caribbean.

Construction

The team used the same materials and methods as the original flagship.

Keel and frames

The keel was laid on November 4, 1994. The oak for the beams was taken from the forests of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad oblast .

1995

On April 8, 1995, the first of 44 beams was erected, with more soon to follow....

1996

Skin

In that autumn and winter of 1996, larch trees were again removed from the forest over 15 meters in length, to cut skin and decking boards 8 cm thick and 20 cm wide.

1997

A 12-metre-long, 18th-century steam box was rebuilt to allow for the bending and shaping of the skin and decking planks.
According to Martous, they have even recreated the fuel used to fuel the steam box - the sawdust and wood shavings left over from their carpentry.

and also skin planks:

but soon also for the two upper decks, made of pine, fore and aft

1998

But because it was necessary to baptize, a temporary stern was made (with the name misspelled, as turned out later!),
and also other large pieces: the figurehead and the guardian dwarf "Grumpy"

Baptism

The replica Shtandart was christened on May 30, 1998, by the ship's two patrons, Prince Andrew, the Duke of York and the Governor of Saint Petersburg, Vladimir Ykovlev.

Also the following winter many accessories and parts were manufactured, the rudder the figurehead were painted,
and of course the final transom, with all decorations, and some 'spars' of pine, such as ra's, foresail,
bowsprit, mizzen and large mast (all masts consist of 3 parts).

1999

The sawing, steaming, bending and placement of the skin planks had continued all along until the last one was placed on March 20, 1999.
The whole summer there was caulking and painting.

Carving

Rigging

Launching

The rebirth of the first ship of the Russian Baltic Fleet attracted forty thousand Saint Petersburgers on September 4, 1999
to the banks of the Neva. The Frigate measuring 30 by 7 meters, with 28 guns,
two masts and bowsprit with figurehead, was launched into the Neva by a gigantic floating crane, near the Smolny Institute,
the same place where its illustrious predecessor was baptized in 1703.

And so it happened: on Saturday, September 4, 1999, the Shtandart hoisted the cross, along with the flags of the Imperial Family, the city of Saint Petersburg and the Russian Federation.

Finishing afloat

The ship was now afloat, but there was still more than a year to work on installing and commissioning all the technology, engines, tanks, etc.

2000

Start 'Maiden Trip'

The original Shtandart had a crew of 150 in wartime. For the replica, the permanent crew is 12 people, volunteers who want to learn the "trade" supplement the crew.

2010s

In the more than 20 years of the "new" Shtandart's existence, the voyages cover all of western Europe, from beyond the North Cape to Kirkenes in 2009, to the Canary Islands (winter 2013-14) and from Cyprus (Nov 2021) to Belfast[4] (2017).

  • Over those twenty years (till 2020) the Shtandart has sailed approximately 210,000 nautical miles (390,000 km) in the Baltic, North, Norwegian Barents and Mediterranean Seas, as well as sailing to Canary islands. She has visited one hundred and seventy five ports in nineteen countries. Around 9000 trainees has been on board Shtandart for sailing adventure and training.

As cooperating, young students, more than 9000 young people have gained a sailing and team building experience, which is unmatched on shore. Some of them sail (and work!)

The total overhaul was done in a small Portuguese port Vila do Conde in the winter of 2016-2017[5]

2020s

As a result of sanctions against Russia following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian ships are denied entry to European ports. However, after an application submitted by Président des Amis des Grands Voiliers association to French Secretary of the State, the Shtandart had received permission to attend French and Spanish ports.[6] [7][8][9]

Update: Left Port-de-Bouc on May 6 for San Sebastian. (see Marinetraffic.com) Arrived in Pasai San Pedro at May 26
Update: Left on June 6 San Sebastian, after a stay of 10 days, for La Rochelle. Cut AIS on June 6, in infraction with French law[10]

Shtandart playing a key role of Scarlet Sails holiday of alumnus, 2007
The Shtandart with the Gorch Fock in front of the Naval Academy Mürwik (2010)
During the large maritime gathering in Dunkirk (2013).
Bow of the Shtandart.

Milestones of the Shtandart

  • On September 4, 1999, the Shtandart was launched at the Petrovsky Shipyard in St Petersburg.
  • On 25 June 2000 the Shtandart set sail on her maiden voyage, where frigate visited the same harbours and places as Peter I, during his Grand Embassy.
  • In 2005–2009, the Shtandart has played the part of the "dream ship" at the Scarlet Sails festival, an annual celebration of the end of the school year in St. Petersburg from a novel by Alexander Grin[11][12]
  • In 2010-2020, the Shtandart has sailed in different European ports as a school-ship. Main mission was to develop a friendship and mutual understanding between people of all nations.
  • In 2020-2022, despite of health limitations in Europe, the Shtandart has continued her sail-training activity.

Classification of the ship

From 2007, sailing vessels in Russia faced challenges with a classification. The new National Sea and River Authority (then Росморречнадзор/Rosmorrechnadzor, now Госморречнадзор/Gosmorrechnadzor) refused to issue classification certificates for sailing ships. The Shtandart was one of the most prominent of these vessels, so her dispute with this government agency was widely publicized.[13] In 2020, after publishing new rules for Sport sailing vessels, the Russian Maritime register of shipping has classified the Shtandart as "sail-training vessel, traditional built" for voyages in the area 2 (200 miles from nearest port).[14]

Shtandart activities in 2000–2020

  • June 25, 2000 - the Shtandart has left St Petersburg port for her maiden voyage
  • Season 2000 route: St Petersburg — Vysby — Zaandam — Ijmuiden — Dunkirk — Roskoff — Brest for Brest 2000 — London — Amsterdam — Bremerhaven Sail Bremerhaven — St Malo
  • season 2005 route: St Petersburg — Copenhagen — Odense — Halmstad — Helsinki — St Petersburg — Baltiisk— Lelystad — Rochester — London — Lowestoft — Hartlepool — Newcastle — Frederikstad (TSR) — Bremerhaven — Helgoland — Wismar — Travemünde — Frederikshavn — Gøteborg — Szczecin — Kotka — St Petersburg
  • On August 25, 2009, the Shtandart sailed from St Petersburg all way around Norway's North Cape.
  • During the winter of 2009–2010, the ship remained in Oslo, Norway, for winter quarters.
  • season 2010 route: Norway — Poland — Germany — Finland — Belgium (TSR ports) — Denmark — Norway — Germany — Netherlands
  • season 2015 route: Hamburg — Flensburg — Stockholm — Riga — Klaipeda — Szczecin — Sandefjord — Aalesund — Kristiansand — Aalborg — Amsterdam (Sail Amsterdam 2015) — Vlissingen — Poole — Lisbon — Malaga — Cannes — Rome — Genoa — Napoli — Palermo
  • season 2016 route: Barcelona — Malaga — Gibraltar — Cascais — Ferrol — Barcelona — Sete — Tarragona — Rochefort — Brest — Swanage — Edinbough — Blyth — Goteborg — Sønderborg — Amsterdam — Plymouth — St Malo — Bordeaux — Porto
  • season 2017 route: Vila do Conde — Cadis — Malaga — Vigo — Vannes — Dublin — Belfast — Liverpool — Honfleur — Kotka — Turku — Klaipeda — Szczecin — Copenhagen — La Rochelle — Nantes — Honfleur — Amsterdam — Copenhagen — St Malo — La Coruña — Porto — Malaga — Palma de Mallorca — Barcelona
  • season 2018 route: Cartagena — Tarragona — Florence — Genoa — Grande-Motte — Tarragona — Sete — Castellon de la Plana — Alicante — Cadiz — Vigo — Saint-Malo — Oostende — Caen — Amsterdam — Szczecin — Aalborg — Copenhagen — Amsterdam — Sunderland — Esbjerg — Stavanger — Aarhus — Copenhagen — Amsterdam — Honfleur — La Rochelle
  • season 2019 route: La Rochelle — Santander — La Coruna — Cascais — Malaga — Seville — Vigo — Vannes — Rouen — Scheveningen — Aalborg — Frederikstad — Bergen — Aarhus — Stockholm — Boulogne — Southampton — Dunkirk — Amsterdam — La Rochelle — Lisbon — Malaga — Valencia — Barcelona
  • season 2020 route: Barcelona — Naples — Corfu — Valetta — Castellion — Vigo — La Rochelle — Calais — Zaandam
  • season 2021 route: La Rochelle - Pasaia - La Rochelle - Saint Malo - Calais - Zaandam - Harlingen - Hamburg - Swinoustje - Riga - Tallinn - Klaipeda - Szczecin - Scheveningen - Oostende - Caen - La Rochelle - Vigo - Cascais - Malaga - Ibiza - Valetta - Athens - Paros - Chios - Lemnos - Rafena - Santorini - Athens - Rhodos - Kos - Rhodos - Limassol - Rhodos - Kos

Shtandart in films

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Ship Characteristics" (in Russian). Shtandart. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  2. ↑ https://www.shtandart.ru/en/frigate/history/original/ Disrepair and the Empress's Decree
  3. ↑ https://kotobarabia.eastview.com/browse/issue/53715/udb/10?issue=53715&Direction=asc&pager.offset=20 Archived 2021-05-02 at the Wayback Machine VLADIMIR KITOV / The Russia Journal
  4. ↑ "Belfast - Liverpool 2017 adventure under the sails". YouTube.
  5. ↑ "Break and make! Shtandart needs your head of fire and hands of gold".
  6. ↑ "Un navire russe accoste aux fetes maritimes". ouest-france.fr (in French). 8 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  7. ↑ "unbateau russe aux fetes maritimes de douarnenez". letelegramme.fr (in French). 8 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  8. ↑ "Historische Russische driemaster door oorlog tussen wal en schip". nos.nl (in Dutch). 13 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
  9. ↑ "Le "Shtandart", un voilier russe accosté à Port-de-Bouc après avoir été rejeté du port de Sète". actu.fr (in French). 10 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
  10. ↑ "Signalement aux autorités maritimes: Shtandart, grand voilier russe, naviguant en eaux territoriales françaises sans AIS". bernardgrua.net (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-13.
  11. ↑ Brief description of "Scarlet Sails" celebration and other holidays.
  12. ↑ another "Scarlet Sails" link (Russian).
  13. ↑ Pirogovsky, Artem (2008-07-10). "Владимир Мартусь: Причина конфликта ""Штандарт" vs Росморречнадзор" - слишком большая сумма контракта" [Vladimir Martus: the Reason for the conflict "Shtandart" vs Rosmorrechnadzor "- too great a contract sum]. Mediaconflict (in Russian). Lenizdat. Archived from the original on 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
  14. ↑ "Фрегат "Штандарт", покинувший Россию 11 лет назад, получил регистрацию. Теперь он может вернуться в Петербург" [Frigate Shtandart, which left Russian waters 11 years ago, has received Classification and now could return to St Petersburg] (in Russian). paperpaper.ru. 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  15. ↑ Admiral. Retrieved on 30 January 2015.
  16. ↑ Swanage: pirate-friendly town
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List of Russian sail frigates

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