Shelby County
County
Shelby County Courthouse
Shelby County Courthouse
Flag of Shelby County
Flag
Official seal of Shelby County
Seal
Map of Ohio highlighting Shelby County
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Map of the United States highlighting Ohio
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 40°20′N 84°12′W / 40.33°N 84.2°W / 40.33; -84.2
Country United States
State Ohio
FoundedApril 1, 1819[1]
Named forIsaac Shelby
SeatSidney
Largest citySidney
Area
 • Total411 sq mi (1,060 km2)
 • Land408 sq mi (1,060 km2)
 • Water3.0 sq mi (8 km2)  0.7%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total48,230
 • Density120/sq mi (45/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts4th, 15th
Websiteco.shelby.oh.us

Shelby County is a county in the western portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 48,230.[2] Its county seat is Sidney.[3] Its name honors Isaac Shelby, first governor of Kentucky.[4]

Shelby County comprises the Sidney, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Dayton-Springfield-Sidney, OH Combined Statistical Area.

History

The Algonquian-speaking Shawnee Native Americans had come into the area in the 18th century, displacing the Ojibwa-speaking Ottawa of the Anishinaabeg, a related language group who moved northwest. The Shawnee were joined by the Iroquois, Seneca and Mingo peoples as well, displaced by colonial encroachment to the east. In 1792 the European-American pioneer John Hardin was killed by the Shawnee in Shelby County. Early settlers named the first county seat of Hardin in his memory.

Shelby County was established in 1819 from Miami County. Its original boundary included Minster and New Bremen; these were included in Auglaize County when it was created in 1848 from Shelby and Allen counties.

Several towns in Shelby County were established by German immigrants. The Miami and Erie Canal, which reached Shelby County in 1841, provided jobs for many of the county's European immigrants. It also changed the way new immigrants traveled to Shelby County from Cincinnati in the south and by 1845, Lake Erie in the north. The actual construction provided the initial boost; the real benefit proved to be the opportunity for increased commerce presented by this new transportation link. The canal brought a business boom which in turn drove farm product prices to previously unknown heights. As German immigrants arrived to work on the canal, on the land, and in the shops, business in Sidney and Shelby County expanded. The Germans' penchant for thrift proved to be a valuable asset to the area's economic and social growth. Sidney's population increased from 713 in 1840 to 1,284 by 1850. During this period, the residents’ national origins went from being almost entirely English, or of English descent, to at least fifty percent German and Alsatian French.[5] There were also many families from England who arrived as immigrants in the 19th century. Those English immigrants were of working class rural origins; it was easier for working-class people to own land in America and by this time parts of the United States also had the practice of universal male suffrage so all men over the age of 18, regardless of property or wealth were allowed to vote. These factors encouraged English immigration, particularly from the villages of Penkridge, Gailey, Lapley, Wheaton Aston, Bishop's Wood, Brewood, Coven, Featherstone, Essington, Four Ashes, Perton, Pattingham, Seisdon, Wombourne, Himley, Swindon and Enville, in south Staffordshire in central England, and for this reason these immigrants were sometimes known as "the Staffordshire settlers".[5]

In 1846, a group of 383 free blacks from Virginia, called the "Randolph Slaves", settled in the county, most at Rumley, Ohio. They had been freed by the 1833 will of Virginia planter John Randolph of Roanoke. He provided money for their transportation and resettlement on land in a free state.[6][7] Their gaining freedom was delayed by court challenges to Randolph's will, but the families were freed and traveled in 1846. Randolph had provided that those over the age of 40 were given 10 acres each for resettlement.[8] A contemporary history described the Rumley settlement: "There are 400 Negroes (half the population of Van Buren Township) as prosperous as their white neighbors and equal to the whites in morals, religion and intelligence."[9] In 1900 survivors and descendants formed Randolph Ex-Slaves Association (later Randolph Slave Association) and held their first reunion at Midway Park near Piqua. Sixty-two of the original settlers attended who had been born in Virginia into slavery. After being manumitted, they had come to Ohio as small children with their families. They were called the "Old Dominions" after the nickname of Virginia; the "Buckeyes" were those descendants born in Ohio. Over the years, the reunions were also held at Troy and the Shelby County Fairgrounds, with 100-300 attending.[10]

Geography

Terrain of Shelby County consists of low rolling hills, entirely devoted to agriculture or urban development.[11] The Great Miami River enters from Logan County near the county's midpoint, and flows west-southwest-southward to exit into Miami County near the midpoint of its south borderline. The county's highest point (1,149 ft; 350 m ASL) is at its SE corner, where it abuts Champaign and Miami counties.[12] According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 411 square miles (1,060 km2), of which 408 square miles (1,060 km2) is land and 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2) (0.7%) is water.[13]

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18202,106—
18303,67174.3%
184012,154231.1%
185013,95814.8%
186017,49325.3%
187020,74818.6%
188024,13716.3%
189024,7072.4%
190024,625−0.3%
191024,6630.2%
192025,9235.1%
193024,924−3.9%
194026,0714.6%
195028,4889.3%
196033,58617.9%
197037,74812.4%
198043,08914.1%
199044,9154.2%
200047,9106.7%
201049,4233.2%
202048,230−2.4%
US Decennial Census[14]
1790-1960[15] 1900-1990[16]
1990-2000[17] 2020 [2]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States Census,[18] there were 49,423 people, 18,488 households, and 2.63 persons per household, with 20,185 housing units. The county's racial makeup was 95.1% White, 2.1% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 0.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 18,488 households, out of which 36.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.70% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.80% were non-families. 22.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.13.

The county population contained 28.60% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.30% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $48,475, and the median income for a family was $51,331. Males had a median income of $36,212 versus $24,470 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,255. About 5.30% of families and 6.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.30% of those under age 18 and 5.30% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 49,423 people, 18,467 households, and 13,409 families in the county.[19] The population density was 121.2 inhabitants per square mile (46.8/km2). There were 20,173 housing units at an average density of 49.5 per square mile (19.1/km2).[20] The racial makeup of the county was 94.7% white, 1.9% black or African American, 0.9% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.3% of the population.[19] In terms of ancestry, 39.8% were German, 11.0% were Irish, 9.2% were American, and 7.8% were English.[21]

Of the 18,467 households, 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.4% were non-families, and 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 37.9 years.[19]

The median income for a household in the county was $48,475 and the median income for a family was $58,473. Males had a median income of $41,924 versus $30,487 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,948. About 8.9% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[22]

Politics

Prior to 1940, Shelby County was a Democratic stronghold in presidential elections, with every Democratic presidential candidate from 1856 to 1936 aside from Al Smith in 1928. But starting with the 1940 election, the county has become a Republican stronghold in presidential elections, with Harry S. Truman in 1948 and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 being the lone Democrats to win the county since then.

United States presidential election results for Shelby County, Ohio[23]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 20,422 80.74% 4,465 17.65% 406 1.61%
2016 18,590 78.01% 4,243 17.81% 996 4.18%
2012 17,142 71.71% 6,343 26.54% 418 1.75%
2008 15,924 67.14% 7,316 30.85% 478 2.02%
2004 16,204 70.90% 6,535 28.59% 116 0.51%
2000 12,476 63.43% 6,593 33.52% 601 3.06%
1996 8,773 47.78% 6,729 36.65% 2,860 15.58%
1992 8,854 44.25% 5,262 26.30% 5,895 29.46%
1988 12,198 70.00% 5,065 29.07% 162 0.93%
1984 13,509 75.12% 4,315 23.99% 159 0.88%
1980 8,988 54.33% 6,425 38.84% 1,131 6.84%
1976 8,011 53.91% 6,414 43.17% 434 2.92%
1972 9,089 61.82% 4,721 32.11% 893 6.07%
1968 7,248 47.60% 6,479 42.55% 1,499 9.85%
1964 5,190 34.16% 10,004 65.84% 0 0.00%
1960 8,766 56.08% 6,866 43.92% 0 0.00%
1956 9,452 67.67% 4,515 32.33% 0 0.00%
1952 8,957 62.68% 5,333 37.32% 0 0.00%
1948 5,406 43.68% 6,939 56.06% 32 0.26%
1944 7,084 55.75% 5,622 44.25% 0 0.00%
1940 7,130 53.87% 6,105 46.13% 0 0.00%
1936 4,482 33.68% 7,110 53.43% 1,715 12.89%
1932 4,281 33.60% 8,299 65.14% 161 1.26%
1928 5,975 52.14% 5,448 47.54% 37 0.32%
1924 4,359 44.41% 4,840 49.31% 617 6.29%
1920 5,452 48.78% 5,642 50.48% 82 0.73%
1916 2,352 37.33% 3,801 60.32% 148 2.35%
1912 1,613 27.33% 3,305 56.00% 984 16.67%
1908 2,646 40.06% 3,879 58.73% 80 1.21%
1904 2,737 44.72% 3,286 53.69% 97 1.58%
1900 2,482 38.67% 3,837 59.78% 100 1.56%
1896 2,488 38.35% 3,941 60.74% 59 0.91%
1892 2,062 37.07% 3,244 58.32% 256 4.60%
1888 2,447 39.67% 3,597 58.32% 124 2.01%
1884 2,420 40.64% 3,496 58.71% 39 0.65%
1880 2,274 40.51% 3,320 59.14% 20 0.36%
1876 1,985 38.72% 3,141 61.28% 0 0.00%
1872 1,717 42.44% 2,311 57.12% 18 0.44%
1868 1,626 41.69% 2,274 58.31% 0 0.00%
1864 1,602 44.18% 2,024 55.82% 0 0.00%
1860 1,597 48.29% 1,669 50.47% 41 1.24%
1856 1,356 46.30% 1,446 49.37% 127 4.34%

Communities

Municipalities and townships of Shelby County
Sidney as seen from the east

City

Villages

Townships

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Ohio County Profiles: Shelby" (PDF). Ohio Department of Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  2. 1 2 2020 census
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Shelby County data". Ohio State University Extension Data Center. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  5. 1 2 History of Shelby County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens by Almon Baldwin Carrington Hitchcock pp. 24-25
  6. ↑ Peter Finkelman, "Thomas Jefferson and Anti-Slavery: The Myth Goes On", Virginia Historical Quarterly, Vol. 102, No. 2 (April 1994), p. 222 (Accessed 14 March 2011)
  7. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Randolph, John" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  8. ↑ David Lodge, "John Randolph and His Slaves", Shelby County Historical Society, 1998 (Accessed 15 March 2011)
  9. ↑ David Lodge, "Rumley", from Howe's History of Ohio (1846), Shelby County Historical Society, 1998 (Accessed 15 March 2011)
  10. ↑ David Lodge, "Randolph Slaves Reunion", Shelby County Historical Society, 1998 (Accessed 15 March 2011)
  11. ↑ Shelby County OH (Google Maps, accessed 25 July 2020)
  12. ↑ Shelby County High Point, Ohio (PeakBagger.com, accessed 25 July 2020)
  13. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  14. ↑ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  16. ↑ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  18. ↑ "US Census website". US Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  19. 1 2 3 "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  20. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  23. ↑ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  24. ↑ Ohio Townships/Shelby
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Shelby County (Ohio).

40°20′N 84°12′W / 40.33°N 84.20°W / 40.33; -84.20

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