Map indicating the human sex ratio by country.[1]
  Countries with more females than males
  Countries with more males than females
  Countries with very similar proportions of males and females (to 3 significant figures, i.e., 1.00 males to 1.00 females)
  No data
Sex ratio in India for census years 1931 to 2011 (in blue). The urban sex ratio (green) between 1951 and 2011 is consistently lower than the rural sex ratio (orange).[2][3] The red line is the estimate of sex ratio at birth according to the National Family Health Survey 4.[4]

Sex ratio is used to describe the ratio of females to males in a population. In India, the sex ratio has been estimated via a number of methods and data sets including the decennial censuses, the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), the Civil Registration System, the Sample Registration System and the Health Management Information System.[5] In 2014, the ratio of female births per 1000 male births varied from 887 to 918 using these estimates.[6] According to the NFHS-4 (2015–16) sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males) was 991 (with an urban ratio of 956 and a rural ratio of 1,009).[4]

In 2011–2013, it was revealed through a population census with the Sample Registration System (SRS) that the sex ratio of India was 909 females per 1000 of males.[7] It has skewed downwards from then, recording 900 females in 2013–2015 and 896 in 2015–17 per 1000 of males.[7][8] Furthermore, that survey conducted with the SRS also showed Chhattisgarh as the highest sex ratio at 961, while Haryana was recorded the lowest at 831.[8]

The male-skew in India's sex ratio has increased since the early 20th century. In 1901 there were 3.2 million fewer women than men in India, but by the 2001 Census the disparity had increased by more than a factor of 10, to 35 million.[9] This increase has been variously attributed to female infanticide, selective abortions (aided by increasing access to prenatal sex discernment procedures), and female child neglect.[9] It has been suggested that the motivation for this selection against female children is due to the lower status and perceived usefulness of women in India's patriarchal society.

Ranking of states and union territories

Map showing the sex ratio of each district in India based on the 2001 census data.

In the table below, the rank numbers represented by 'S' are for states while 'UT' are for union territories. The data in the table is based on the population census of 2001 and 2011.

No. State/ Union Territory NHFS-5 2011 Census 2001 Census Change (2001 to 2011)
Rank (Sex ratio at birth) Sex ratio at birth[10] Sex ratio Child sex ratio[11]Sex ratio[12][lower-alpha 1]Child sex ratio[11]Sex ratio[12] Child sex ratio
1 Lakshadweep UT1 1051947911948959 Decrease (−1) Decrease (−48)
2 Tripura S1 1028960957948966 Increase (12) Decrease (−9)
3 Meghalaya S2 989989970972973 Increase (17) Decrease (−3)
4 Uttarakhand S3 984963890962908 Increase (1) Decrease (−18)
5 Arunachal Pradesh S4 979938972893964 Increase (45) Increase (8)
6 Karnataka S5 978973948965946 Increase (8) Increase (2)
7 Jammu and Kashmir[lower-alpha 2] UT2 976889862892941 Decrease (−3) Decrease (−79)
8 West Bengal S6 973950956934960 Increase (16) Decrease (−4)
9 Mizoram S7 969976970935964 Increase (41) Increase (6)
10 Sikkim S8 969890957875963 Increase (15) Decrease (−6)
11 Manipur S9 967992930978957 Increase (14) Decrease (−27)
12 Assam S10 964958962935965 Increase (23) Decrease (−3)
13 Chhattisgarh S11 960991969989975 Increase (2) Decrease (−6)
14 Puducherry UT3 95910379671001967 Increase (36) Steady
15 Madhya Pradesh S12 956931918919932 Increase (12) Decrease (−14)
16 Gujarat S13 955919890920883 Decrease (−1) Increase (7)
17 Kerala S14 95110849641058960 Increase (26) Increase (4)
18 Nagaland S15 945931943900964 Increase (31) Decrease (−21)
19 Uttar Pradesh S16 941912902898916 Increase (14) Decrease (−14)
20 Andhra Pradesh S17 934993939978961 Increase (15) Decrease (−22)
India 929 943 919 933 927 Increase (10) Decrease (−8)
21 Delhi UT4 923868871821868 Increase (47) Increase (3)
22 Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT5 914876968846957 Increase (30) Increase (11)
23 Maharashtra S18 913929894922913 Increase (7) Decrease (−19)
24 Bihar S19 908918935919942 Decrease (−1) Decrease (−7)
25 Punjab S20 904895846876798 Increase (19) Increase (48)
26 Jharkhand S21 899948948941965 Increase (7) Decrease (−17)
27 Telangana[lower-alpha 3] S22 894988[13]--- – –
28 Odisha S23 894979941972953 Increase (7) Decrease (−12)
29 Haryana S24 893879834861819 Increase (18) Increase (15)
30 Rajasthan S25 891928888921909 Increase (7) Decrease (−21)
31 Tamil Nadu S26 878996943987942 Increase (9) Increase (1)
32 Himachal Pradesh S27 875972909968896 Increase (4) Increase (13)
33 Goa S28 838973942961938 Increase (12) Increase (4)
34 Chandigarh UT6 838818880777845 Increase (41) Increase (35)
35 Dadra and Nagar Haveli[lower-alpha 4] UT7 817774926812979 Decrease (−38) Decrease (−53)
36 Daman and Diu UT8 817618904710926 Decrease (−92) Decrease (−22)
Notes
  1. ↑ "Child sex ratio" is the ratio of girls to boys in the age group of 0–6 years.
  2. ↑ At the time of the census, Jammu and Kashmir was a state but from 31 October 2019, it has been split into two union territories, namely Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
  3. ↑ At the time of the census Telangana was a part of Andhra Pradesh. Telangana was declared as a separate state in 2014.
  4. ↑ At the time of the census Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu were separate union territories. They became one union territories, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, in 2020.

See also

States and union
territories of India
ordered by

References

  1. ↑ Data from the CIA World Factbook Archived 12 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Map compiled in 2021, data from 2020.
  2. ↑ "5: Gender Composition of the Population" (PDF), Provisional Population Totals – India, pp. 78–96
  3. ↑ "1: Population" (PDF), Women and Men in India. Population related statistics., Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  4. 1 2 "National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4): India Fact Sheet" (PDF). rchiips.org. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. 2015–2016. Retrieved 10 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ↑ UNPFA, Sex Ratio at Birth in India (2020), 3.
  6. ↑ UNPFA, Sex Ratio at Birth in India (2020), 5.
  7. 1 2 "Sex Ratio at Birth – India & Larger States". NITI Aayog. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  8. 1 2 Tripathi, Rahul (15 July 2019). "Survey shows sex ratio falling further to 896 in 3 years to 2017". The Economic Times. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  9. 1 2 Bakshi, Roopa. "Declining sex-ratios – a matter of concern". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  10. ↑ "Update on Child Sex Ratio". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 17 December 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  11. 1 2 "Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2020. Social and Demographic Indicators. Table 5: State-wise Sex Ratio". Reserve Bank of India. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  12. 1 2 "Decline In Child Sex Ratio". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  13. ↑ "Statistical Year Book 2015" (PDF). telangana.gov.in. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana. p. 3. Retrieved 10 September 2021. The sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1,000 males. This ratio for the state is 988 according to 2011 Census.
Bibliography

Further reading

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