Spooks (known as MI-5 in certain countries) is a British spy drama television series, created by David Wolstencroft. It debuted on BBC One on 13 May 2002. The series follows the activities of the intelligence officers of Section D in MI5. In 2003 it won the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series.

From its debut until its finale on 23 October 2011, 86 episodes were aired across ten complete series. The first series has six episodes, and series two through six have 10 episodes each. Series seven through nine have eight episodes each. The ninth series aired between September and November 2010. The tenth and final series, which began airing on 18 September 2011, consists of six episodes. The individual episodes have no official titles, though there are internal working titles. The USA versions air with titles, which sometimes, but not always, match the working titles.

Series overview

SeriesEpisodesOriginally airedAverage viewership
(in millions)
First airedLast aired
1613 May 2002 (2002-05-13)17 June 2002 (2002-06-17)7.49[n 1]
2102 June 2003 (2003-06-02)11 August 2003 (2003-08-11)7.19[n 2]
31011 October 2004 (2004-10-11)13 December 2004 (2004-12-13)5.77[n 3]
41012 September 2005 (2005-09-12)10 November 2005 (2005-11-10)6.05[n 4]
51017 September 2006 (2006-09-17)13 November 2006 (2006-11-13)5.97[n 5]
61016 October 2007 (2007-10-16)18 December 2007 (2007-12-18)5.57[n 6]
7827 October 2008 (2008-10-27)8 December 2008 (2008-12-08)5.46[n 7]
884 November 2009 (2009-11-04)23 December 2009 (2009-12-23)5.34[n 8]
9820 September 2010 (2010-09-20)8 November 2010 (2010-11-08)6.33[n 9]
10618 September 2011 (2011-09-18)25 October 2011 (2011-10-25)5.41[n 10]

Episodes

Series 1 (2002)

No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[1]Directed by[1]Written by[1]Original air dateUK viewers
(millions)[2]
11"Thou Shalt Not Kill"Bharat NalluriDavid Wolstencroft13 May 2002 (2002-05-13)9.60
22"Looking After Our Own"Bharat NalluriDavid Wolstencroft20 May 2002 (2002-05-20)8.10
33"One Last Dance"Rob BaileySimon Mirren27 May 2002 (2002-05-27)7.30
44"Traitor's Gate"Rob BaileyHoward Brenton4 June 2002 (2002-06-04)5.99
55"The Rose Bed Memoirs"Andy WilsonHoward Brenton10 June 2002 (2002-06-10)6.75
66"Lesser of Two Evils"
"Mean, Dirty, Nasty"[3]
Andy WilsonDavid Wolstencroft & Howard Brenton17 June 2002 (2002-06-17)7.21

Series 2 (2003)

No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[4]Directed by[4]Written by[4]Original air dateUK viewers
(millions)[5]
71"Legitimate Targets"Bharat NalluriDavid Wolstencroft2 June 2003 (2003-06-02) (BBC One)8.16
82"Nest of Angels"Bharat NalluriHoward Brenton2 June 2003 (2003-06-02) (BBC Three)[n 11]7.87
93"Spiders"
"Hackers"[6]
Rob BaileyMatthew Graham9 June 2003 (2003-06-09) (BBC Three)7.18
104"Blood and Money"Rob BaileyHoward Brenton16 June 2003 (2003-06-16) (BBC Three)7.38
115"I Spy Apocalypse"Justin ChadwickHoward Brenton23 June 2003 (2003-06-23) (BBC Three)[n 12]6.30
126"Without Incident"
"President's Visit"[6]
Justin ChadwickDavid Wolstencroft7 July 2003 (2003-07-07) (BBC Three)6.00[7][n 13]
137"Clean Skin"Ciaran DonnellySimon Mirren14 July 2003 (2003-07-14) (BBC Three)6.90
148"Strike Force"
"Military Strikes"[6]
Ciaran DonnellySteve Bailie21 July 2003 (2003-07-21) (BBC Three)6.68
159"The Seventh Division"
"A Very Corporate Coup"[8]
Sam MillerBen Richards28 July 2003 (2003-07-28) (BBC Three)6.92
1610"Smoke and Mirrors"
"Pit of Secrets"[6]
Sam MillerHoward Brenton11 August 2003 (2003-08-11) (BBC One)7.32

Series 3 (2004)

No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[9]Directed by[10][11]Written by[10][11]Original air dateUK viewers
(millions)[12]
171"Project Friendly Fire"Jonny CampbellHoward Brenton11 October 2004 (2004-10-11) (BBC One)6.77
182"The Sleeper"Jonny CampbellHoward Brenton16 October 2004 (2004-10-16) (BBC Three)[n 14]6.48
193"Who Guards the Guards?"Cilla WareRupert Walters23 October 2004 (2004-10-23) (BBC Three)6.49
204"A Prayer for My Daughter"Cilla WareBen Richards30 October 2004 (2004-10-30) (BBC Three)6.33
215"Love and Death"Justin ChadwickDavid Wolstencroft6 November 2004 (2004-11-06) (BBC Three)5.00
226"Persephone"Justin ChadwickBen Richards13 November 2004 (2004-11-13) (BBC Three)5.46
237"Outsiders"Bill AndersonRaymond Khoury20 November 2004 (2004-11-20) (BBC Three)5.74
248"Celebrity"Bill AndersonHoward Brenton27 November 2004 (2004-11-27) (BBC Three)5.19
259"Frequently Asked Questions"Alrick RileyRupert Walters4 December 2004 (2004-12-04) (BBC Three)4.92
2610"The Suffering of Strangers"Alrick RileyBen Richards13 December 2004 (2004-12-13) (BBC One)5.33

Series 4 (2005)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[13]
271"The Special (Part 1)"[14]Antonia BirdBen Richards12 September 2005 (2005-09-12) (BBC One)6.63
282"The Special (Part 2)"[15]Antonia BirdBen Richards13 September 2005 (2005-09-13) (BBC One)6.84
293"Divided They Fall"[16]Alrick RileyBen Richards15 September 2005 (2005-09-15) (BBC Three)[n 15]6.50
304"Road Trip"[17]Alrick RileyHoward Brenton22 September 2005 (2005-09-22) (BBC Three)5.21
315"The Book"[18]Jeremy LoveringRaymond Khoury29 September 2005 (2005-09-29) (BBC Three)5.20
326"The Innocent"[19]Jeremy LoveringDavid Farr6 October 2005 (2005-10-06) (BBC Three)5.83
337"Syria"[20]Omar MadhaRaymond Khoury13 October 2005 (2005-10-13) (BBC Three)5.74
348"The Russian"[21]Omar MadhaHoward Brenton20 October 2005 (2005-10-20) (BBC Three)6.34
359"The Sting"[22]Julian SimpsonRupert Walters27 October 2005 (2005-10-27) (BBC Three)5.98
3610"Diana"[23]Julian SimpsonHoward Brenton10 November 2005 (2005-11-10) (BBC One)6.18

Series 5 (2006)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[24]
371"Gas and Oil (Part 1)"Omar MadhaBen Richards17 September 2006 (2006-09-17) (BBC One)6.31
382"Gas and Oil (Part 2)"Omar MadhaBen Richards17 September 2006 (2006-09-17) (BBC Three)[n 16]5.75
393"The Cell"Julian SimpsonBen Richards18 September 2006 (2006-09-18) (BBC Three)6.12
404"World Trade"Kenny GlenaanDavid Farr25 September 2006 (2006-09-25) (BBC Three)5.79
415"The Message"Kenny GlenaanZinnie Harris2 October 2006 (2006-10-02) (BBC Three)5.89
426"Hostage Takers (Part 1)"Andy HayRaymond Khoury9 October 2006 (2006-10-09) (BBC Three)6.05
437"Hostage Takers (Part 2)"Andy HayRaymond Khoury16 October 2006 (2006-10-16) (BBC Three)5.53
448"Agenda"Julian SimpsonJulian Simpson23 October 2006 (2006-10-23) (BBC Three)5.97
459"The Criminal"Julian HolmesNeil Cross30 October 2006 (2006-10-30) (BBC Three)5.80
4610"Aftermath"Julian HolmesDavid Farr13 November 2006 (2006-11-13) (BBC One)6.47

Series 6 (2007)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[25]
471"The Virus (Part 1)"Omar MadhaNeil Cross16 October 2007 (2007-10-16) (BBC One)6.61
482"The Virus (Part 2)"Omar MadhaNeil Cross16 October 2007 (2007-10-16) (BBC Three)[n 17]5.78
493"The Kidnap"Charles BeesonRupert Walters23 October 2007 (2007-10-23) (BBC Three)6.12
504"The Extremist"Charles BeesonDavid Farr30 October 2007 (2007-10-30) (BBC Three)5.62
515"The Deal"Brendan MaherZinnie Harris6 November 2007 (2007-11-06) (BBC Three)5.58
526"The Courier"Brendan MaherGeorge Tiffin13 November 2007 (2007-11-13) (BBC Three)5.30
537"The Broadcast"Stefan SchwartzDavid Farr20 November 2007 (2007-11-20) (BBC Three)4.94
548"Infiltration"Stefan SchwartzNeil Cross27 November 2007 (2007-11-27) (BBC Three)5.26
559"Isolated"Alrick RileyNeil Cross4 December 2007 (2007-12-04) (BBC Three)4.84
5610"The School"Alrick RileyBen Richards18 December 2007 (2007-12-18) (BBC One)5.68

Series 7 (2008)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[26]
571"New Allegiances"Colm McCarthyNeil Cross & Ben Richards27 October 2008 (2008-10-27) (BBC One)5.91
582"Split Loyalties"Colm McCarthyNeil Cross & Ben Richards27 October 2008 (2008-10-27) (BBC Three)[n 18]5.63
593"The Tip-Off"Peter HoarRussell Lewis & Ben Richards28 October 2008 (2008-10-28) (BBC Three)5.59
604"A Chance for Peace"Peter HoarRichard McBrien3 November 2008 (2008-11-03) (BBC Three)5.29
615"On the Brink"Edward HallChristian Spurrier10 November 2008 (2008-11-10) (BBC Three)5.21
626"Accidental Discovery"Edward HallDavid Farr17 November 2008 (2008-11-17) (BBC Three)5.14
637"The Mole"Sam MillerJames Moran & Christian Spurrier24 November 2008 (2008-11-24) (BBC Three)5.00
648"Nuclear Strike"Sam MillerNeil Cross8 December 2008 (2008-12-08) (BBC One)5.95

Series 8 (2009)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[27]
651"Episode 1"Alrick RileyStory by: Zinnie Harris & Ben Richards
Teleplay by: Ben Richards
4 November 2009 (2009-11-04) (BBC One)6.55
662"Episode 2"Alrick RileyStory by: Zinnie Harris & Ben Richards
Teleplay by: Ben Richards
6 November 2009 (2009-11-06) (BBC Three)[n 19]5.11
673"Episode 3"Sam MillerChristian Spurrier & Sean Reilly13 November 2009 (2009-11-13) (BBC Three)5.26
684"Episode 4"Sam MillerDavid Farr20 November 2009 (2009-11-20) (BBC Three)5.18
695"Episode 5"Alrick RileyRichard McBrien27 November 2009 (2009-11-27) (BBC Three)4.39
706"Episode 6"Edward HallDennis Kelly4 December 2009 (2009-12-04) (BBC Three)5.11
717"Episode 7"Edward HallJames Dormer11 December 2009 (2009-12-11) (BBC Three)3.99[28][n 20]
728"Episode 8"Alrick RileyBen Richards23 December 2009 (2009-12-23) (BBC One)5.91

Series 9 (2010)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[29]
731"Episode 1"Paul WhittingtonJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent20 September 2010 (2010-09-20)6.74
742"Episode 2"Michael Caton-JonesDavid Farr27 September 2010 (2010-09-27)6.27
753"Episode 3"Michael Caton-JonesRichard McBrien4 October 2010 (2010-10-04)6.04
764"Episode 4"Paul WhittingtonJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent11 October 2010 (2010-10-11)6.37
775"Episode 5"Julian HolmesJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent & Oliver Brown18 October 2010 (2010-10-18)6.35
786"Episode 6"Julian HolmesJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent25 October 2010 (2010-10-25)6.36
797"Episode 7"Edward HallAnthony Neilson1 November 2010 (2010-11-01)6.10
808"Episode 8"Edward HallJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent8 November 2010 (2010-11-08)6.40

Series 10 (2011)

No.
overall
No. in
series
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers
(millions)[30]
811"Episode 1"Alrick RileyJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent18 September 2011 (2011-09-18)5.63
822"Episode 2"Alrick RileyJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent25 September 2011 (2011-09-25)5.12
833"Episode 3"Julian HomesJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent2 October 2011 (2011-10-02)5.15
844"Episode 4"Julian HolmesSean Cook9 October 2011 (2011-10-09)5.31
855"Episode 5"Bharat NalluriJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent & Anthony Neilson16 October 2011 (2011-10-16)5.27
866"Episode 6"Bharat NalluriJonathan Brackley & Sam Vincent23 October 2011 (2011-10-23)5.95

Ratings

Spooks: UK viewers per episode (millions)
SeasonEpisode number
12345678910
19.608.107.305.996.757.21
28.167.877.187.386.306.006.906.686.927.32
36.776.486.496.335.005.465.745.194.925.33
46.636.846.505.215.205.835.746.345.986.18
56.315.756.125.795.896.055.535.975.806.47
66.615.786.125.625.585.304.945.264.845.68
75.915.635.595.295.215.145.005.95
86.555.115.265.184.395.113.995.91
96.746.276.046.376.356.366.106.40
105.635.125.155.315.275.95
Audience measurement performed by Broadcasters' Audience Research Board[31]

Home video releases

Series DVD release dates
Region 1 Region 2 Region 4
1 13 January 2004[32] 16 June 2003[33] 18 August 2003[34]
2 11 January 2005[35] 20 September 2004[36] 21 March 2004[37]
3 31 January 2006[38] 5 September 2005[39] 23 May 2005[40]
4 9 January 2007[41] 4 September 2006[42] 21 May 2007[43]
5 8 January 2008[44] 10 September 2007[45] 19 May 2008[46]
6 20 January 2009[47] 6 October 2008[48] 4 August 2008[49]
7 26 January 2010[50] 12 October 2008[51] 1 April 2009[52]
8 25 January 2011[53] 20 September 2010[54] 3 November 2010[55]
9 12 July 2011[56] 28 February 2011[57] 31 May 2011[58]
10 6 March 2012[59] 28 November 2011[60] 4 April 2012[61]

Notes

  1. Based from the consolidated ratings from the first series for BBC One.
  2. Based from the consolidated ratings from the second series for BBC One, with the exception of the sixth episode which are not available.
  3. Based from the consolidated ratings from the third series for BBC One.
  4. Based from the consolidated ratings from the fourth series for BBC One.
  5. Based from the consolidated ratings from the fifth series for BBC One.
  6. Based from the consolidated ratings from the sixth series for BBC One.
  7. Based from the consolidated ratings from the seventh series for BBC One.
  8. Based from the consolidated ratings from the eighth series for BBC One, with the exception of the seventh episode which are not available.
  9. Based from the consolidated ratings from the ninth series for BBC One.
  10. Based from the consolidated ratings from the final series for BBC One.
  11. "Nest of Angels" was broadcast on 9 June 2003 on BBC One; the rest of the series (apart from the finale) would usually rebroadcast on BBC One seven days after the BBC Three broadcast.
  12. "I Spy Apocalypse" was rebroadcast on BBC One two weeks after its original BBC Three broadcast, on 7 July 2003.
  13. Official data for the consolidated viewing figures for that week was not made available on the BARB website, only overnight ratings data would be available
  14. "The Sleeper" on 18 October 2004 on BBC One; the rest of the series would continue on BBC One two days after the BBC Three broadcast.
  15. "Divided They Fall" was broadcast on 22 September 2005 on BBC One; the rest of the series (apart from the finale) would usually rebroadcast on BBC One seven days after the BBC Three broadcast.
  16. "Gas and Oil (Part 2)" was broadcast on 18 September 2006 on BBC One; the rest of the series (apart from the finale) would usually rebroadcast on BBC One seven days after the BBC Three broadcast.
  17. "The Virus, Part 2" airs right after "Part 1" on BBC Three; The series would continue on BBC One a week after the BBC Three broadcast
  18. "Split Loyalties" on 28 October 2008 on BBC One; the rest of the series would continue on BBC One a week after the BBC Three broadcast
  19. "Series 8, Episode 2" onward would air from 11 November 2009 onwards on BBC One
  20. The episode did not appear in the top 30 viewings on the BARB website, only overnight ratings data would be available

References

  1. 1 2 3 Secret Credits (Spooks DVD (Series 1)). 2003.
  2. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending May 19 to 23 Jun 2002)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  3. "Spooks – Spooks' Expert – Week 10". BBC. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 Secret Credits (Spooks DVD (Series 2)). 2004.
  5. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Jun 8 to 17 Aug 2003)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Landmann, Dennis (9 March 2005). "MI-5 – Volume 2". MovieFreak. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
  7. Cozens, Claire (15 July 2003). "BBC2 pulls off quiz masterstroke". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
  8. Gorman, Marcus. "'Mi-5,' Episode Fifteen Recap: 'A Very Corporate Coup'". MovieFreak. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  9. "Spooks: The Complete Season 3". British Video Association. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  10. 1 2 Secret Credits (Spooks, Series 3 (DVD) all discs). Contender Entertainment Group. 2005.
  11. 1 2 "Spooks series production credits". BBC Press Office. BBC. 15 September 2004. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  12. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Oct 17 8 to 19 Dec 2004)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  13. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Sep 18 to 13 Nov 2005)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  14. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 1". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  15. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 2". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  16. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 3". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  17. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 4". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  18. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 5". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  19. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 6". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  20. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 7". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  21. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 8". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  22. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 9". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  23. "Spooks – Series 4, Episode 10". BBC. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  24. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Sep 17 to 19 Nov 2005)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  25. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Oct 21 to 23 Dec 2007)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  26. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Nov 2 to 14 Dec 2008)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  27. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Nov 8 to 27 Dec 2009)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  28. French, Dan (17 December 2009). "2.9m see Tennant's 'Buzzcocks' special". Digital Spy. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  29. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Sep 26 to 14 Dec Nov 2010)". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  30. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes (See weeks ending Sep 18 2011". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  31. "Weekly Top 30 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  32. "MI-5 - Volume 1". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  33. "Spooks: The Complete Season 1". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  34. "SPOOKS (Series 1)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  35. "MI-5 - Volume 2". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  36. "Spooks: The Complete Season 2". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  37. "SPOOKS (Series 2)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  38. "MI-5 - Volume 3". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 9 February 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  39. "Spooks: The Complete Season 3". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  40. "SPOOKS (Series 3)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  41. "MI-5 - Volume 4". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  42. "Spooks: The Complete Season 4". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  43. "SPOOKS (Series 4)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  44. "MI-5 - Volume 5". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  45. "Spooks: The Complete Season 5". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  46. "SPOOKS (Series 5)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  47. "MI-5 - Volume 6". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  48. "Spooks: The Complete Season 6". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  49. "SPOOKS (Series 6)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  50. "MI-5 - Volume 7". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  51. "Spooks: The Complete Season 7". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  52. "SPOOKS (Series 7)". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  53. "MI-5 - Volume 8". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  54. "Spooks: The Complete Season 8". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  55. "Spooks - Season 8". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  56. "MI-5 - Volume 9". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  57. "Spooks: The Complete Season 9". British Video Association. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  58. "Spooks: Series 9 (3 Disc Set)". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  59. "MI-5 - Volume 10". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  60. "Spooks: Series 10 (DVD)". BBC Shop. BBC Online. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  61. "Spooks: Series 10". EzyDVD. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
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