Badi' al-Din
Shah Madar
Main gate of the shrine of Badi' al-Din
Personal
Born
Badi' al-Din

1315 CE[1]
Aleppo, Syria
Died1434 CE[1]
Makanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
ReligionIslam
FlourishedIslamic golden age
DenominationSunni
SchoolHanafi
CreedMaturidi
OrderMadariyya
Muslim leader
TeacherMuḥammad Ṭayfūr Shāmī

Badīʿ al-Dīn,[1][2] known as Shāh Madār,[1] and by the title Qutb-ul-Madar 1315–1434),[1][3] was a Syrian[1] Sufi who migrated to India where he founded the Madariyya Sufi brotherhood.[1][4] He is held in high esteem as a patron saint.[1]

Biography

Badi' al-Din hailed originally from Syria, and was born in Aleppo in 1315 CE.[1][5] In later centuries, a growing number of legends arose in relation to Badi' al-Din, which resulted in sources continuously backdating his year of birth.[1] These same sources also disagree about Badi' al-Din's descent.[1] Some state that he was a sayyid, that is, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and trace his descent back to Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (died 765 CE).[1] Others mention descent from Muhammad's companion (sahabi) Abu Hurayra, who died c. 678 CE.[1] The assertion that Badi' al-Din was a Jew who had converted to Islam is not corroborated by other sources.[1]

His teacher was Muḥammad Ṭayfūr Shāmī.[6] After making a pilgrimage to Medina, he journeyed to India to spread Islam. He converted many Hindus to Islam in India,[2] where he founded the Madariyya order.[3] His tomb, built by order of Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi (r. 1402–40),[1] is at Makanpur.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Falasch, Ute (2009). "Badīʿ al- Dīn". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  2. 1 2 James Wise (10 November 2016). Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal. Taylor & Francis. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-351-99740-9.
  3. 1 2 Bhattacharya, Ananda (2008). "Madariya Sufi Silsila Their Distinctive Characteristics and Relations with the Indian Powers". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 69: 384–402. JSTOR 44147203.
  4. ↑ Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. The Institute. 2006. p. 241.
  5. ↑ Suvorova, A. A. (2004). Muslim saints of South Asia : the eleventh to fifteenth centuries. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 171. ISBN 0-203-59271-9. OCLC 57176198.
  6. ↑ Murray Thurston Titus (1930). Indian Islam: a religious history of Islam in India. H. Milford, Oxford university press. p. 128.
  7. ↑ Bhanwarlal Nathuram Luniya (1955). Evolution of Indian culture (From the earliest times to the present day). L.N. Agarwal. p. 439.
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