Dr Satendra Singh
Dr Satendra Singh with the Henry Viscardi achievement award
NationalityIndian
EducationMBBS, MD
Alma materGanesh Shankar Vidhyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
OrganizationUniversity College of Medical Sciences
Known forDisability rights activism

Dr Satendra Singh is a medical doctor at the University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. A physiologist by profession, Singh contracted poliomyelitis at the age of nine months but went on to complete a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur and later on Doctor of Medicine in Physiology. He is the first-ever Indian to win the prestigious Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards given to extraordinary leaders in the global disability community.[1]

Singh is a noteworthy disability activist who is known for his sustained efforts to make public places, employment opportunities and voting rights accessible for disabled persons.[2] For his body of work, he received a National Award by the President of India.[3] Singh is also the first Indian to be awarded the MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics fellowship at the University of Chicago.[4][5]

Singh had been involved in the synthesis of epibatidine analogues, leading to the discovery of epiboxidine.[6] In contrast to RTI-336, which positions a 3-tolyl group on the isoxazole ring to the DAT receptor, a phenyl group was too sterically encumbered to be tolerated in the case of the nicotinic receptors. Although aromatic moieties seem to be tolerated at the mGlu5 receptor in the case of ADX-47273.

Singh is known not only for advocating for his own disability rights, but also for his work to protect other disabled doctors' rights. He raised public awareness regarding the discrimination by UPSC which disallowed doctors with disabilities to apply for various Central Health Services (CHS) employment positions. Dr. Singh, himself, was rejected in 2014 but challenged the rejection and was later allowed to appear for the interview.[7][8] In 2013, his application was once again rejected and he highlighted the same discrimination was present in other job posts, for the second time.[9] He was subsequently allowed to apply in a quick intervention.[10]

Singh's RTI revealed that doctors with disabilities are not considered eligible for specialist CHS posts in teaching, non-teaching as well as public health specialties. Undeterred, he complained again and requested the health ministry to allow all eligible doctors with disabilities to apply for these posts. Dr. Singh's single-handed relentless fight for justice over four years ultimately forced the Health Ministry to make 1,674 specialist central posts available for disabled doctors.[11]

Advocacy or Doctors with Disabilities

In 2013, as a result of his petition to the Court of the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities, under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, the Government of India instructed Medical Council of India to issue directives to all the medical institutions in India to be inclusive of disabled doctors.[12][13][14] Despite this mandate, most medical institutions did not comply with the directions.[15][16][17]

In 2018, Singh filed a petition to the Supreme Court of India[18] to advocate for doctors with disabilities within the Central Government, and to add amendments to the controversial MCI guidelines lifting the bar on admission of candidates with specified disabilities.[19]

in 2019, Singh sparked an international conversation about a lack of disability rights in the medical field[20][21]which led to an international collaboration to frame disability competencies for health profession educators.[22] Through sustained judicial advocacy with the Medical Council of India, Singh successfully led to the incorporation of disability rights as a human rights issue in the new medical curriculum in India.[23] This was a significant moment. Disability competencies promoting equity and social justice became a mandatory part of the Indian medical school curriculum. Disability rights were no longer overlooked or treated as elective or optional, and became a mandated part of the learning curriculum for students enrolled in medical school.[24]

Advocacy for People with Disabilities

In 2012, Singh held a black armband protest on the United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities in 2012, which led authorities to construct ramps outside all the hostels at his medical college.[25]

In the same year, Singh's judicial activism led to the web accessibility of all the hospitals under Government of Delhi. Singh set up an Enabling Unit for persons with disabilities and founded Infinite Ability. These are the first such bodies in any medical college in India.[26]

In 2013, Singh was a whistleblower to raise awareness about problems faced by voters with disabilities, both before and during the 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election, through Right to Information Act.[27][28][29] Singh advocated and wrote to the election commission and the Chief Justice of India advocating on behalf of disabled voters to ask that they be permitted to vote before declaration of final results.[30] His RTI on fourth National Voters' Day revealed that Election Commission of India was unprepared and violated Supreme Court orders of 2004 to safeguard the rights of voters with disabilities.[31]

After this incident, Delhi asked Singh to be involved in election proceedings in Delhi, to ensure that they are inclusive of people with disabilities.[32] Singh advised the election officers to assist voters with disabilities and helped set up a disability registration helpline.[33] Singh helped facilitate election booths across the capital to make them accessible to disabled and elderly voters.[34] The Election Commission of India also made its website more user-friendly to people with disabilities.[35] Singh received State and National Award for these initiatives.

Singh's continued advocacy on behalf of disabled people also led to ramps being constructed to faciliate access at bank ATM machines in India.[36] He raised awareness by highlighting inaccessible ATMs at banks,[37] and at post offices througout the capital, advocating for people with disabilities through the Right to Information Act.[38][39][40]

Singh organized the first Theatre of the Oppressed workshop for medical students in India with disabilities.[41] Singh was also instrumental in organising a unique 'Blind with Camera' workshop for the visually impaired and blind students of University of Delhi in 2012 with Partho Bhowmick.[42][43]

In 2014, after being harassed by security personnel at the Hyderabad airport because of his orthosis (sometimes known as braces or calipers). Dr Singh approached Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) to amend screening procedures to incorporate Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.[44] (BCAS) As a result, both DGCA and BCAS implemented sensitivity training for airport security personnel to ensure people with disabilities are no longer harassed or humiliated at airports.[45][46]

In 2016, Singh continued fighting for the rights of disabled citizens, when he challenged Union Public Service Commission's format requiring disabled applicants to paste photographs showing their disability as proof of their disability. The Court of Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities directed the UPSC to refrain from asking disabled candidates to submit photographs showing their disabilities; and, to consider the 'permanent disability certificate' issued from a government hospital as sufficient valid proof.[47] His advocacy led to the withdrawal of similar proforma by IITJEE[48]

After Rotary International established World Polio Day (24 October) to commemorate the birthday of virologist Jonas Salk who developed polio vaccine,[49] the erroneous observance was challenged by Singh in his publication in the official journal of the Edward Jenner Society's Vaccine (journal).[50] Google dedicated a doodle on Salk's 100th birthday to confirm October 28 as Salk's correct birthday.[51] Rotary still celebrates the day on October 24, despite media reporting that the correct date of birth is October 28.[52]

First Case Under the New Disability Law

In April 2017, Singh filed the first-ever case under the new Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, which imposes strict punishment for contravention of provisions of the Act. This first case was filed against Indian Politician named Satyadev Pachauri after he publicly ridiculed a female disabled employee.[53] If convicted, Pachauri will face a six-month to a five-year prison term.[54]

Intersex Rights

In 2021, Singh, together with activists Dr. Aqsa Shaikh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, successfully petitioned the Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights after they recommended Delhi Government ban medically unnecessary sex normalisation surgeries on intersex children.[55]

Awards and honors

References

  1. ↑ "Disability rights activist awarded in US". Times News Network. 7 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "They innovate to e-nable". The Times of India. 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  3. ↑ "7 officials, NGO from Delhi get 'Best Electoral Practices Awards-2020'". Daily Pioneer.
  4. ↑ "Punjab Kesari Youth Today, 25-06-2019 Punjab Kesari Youth Today : readwhere". mpaper.punjabkesari.com.
  5. ↑ "Our Alumni: 2018-2019 | The MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics". macleanethics.uchicago.edu.
  6. ↑ SINGH, Satendra; AVOR, Kwasi S.; POUW, Buddy; SEALE, Thomas W.; BASMADJIAN, Garo P. (1999). "Design and Synthesis of Isoxazole Containing Bioisosteres of Epibatidine as Potent Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists". Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 47 (10): 1501–1505. doi:10.1248/cpb.47.1501. ISSN 0009-2363. PMID 10553647.
  7. ↑ "M.S.J.E. doesn't consider disabled doctors fit for teaching jobs". D.N.I.S. 1 March 2011.
  8. ↑ "UPSC discriminating against me, alleges differently-abled doctor". The Hindu. 10 November 2013.
  9. ↑ "Rejected by UPSC twice, physically challenged doctor battles for justice". 8 November 2013.
  10. ↑ "Success for Dr Singh, but other physically challenged doctors still in lurch". India Medical Times. 14 November 2013.
  11. ↑ "One man's crusade opens up CHS jobs for disabled doctors". The Times of India. 14 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "MCI asks all medical institutions to be 'accessible'". The Hindu. 18 April 2013.
  13. ↑ "Demand for barrier-free buildings". The Times of India. 26 February 2013. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013.
  14. ↑ "Hope in India as Mandatory Access For People with Disability Takes Shape". India America Today. 8 June 2013.
  15. ↑ "Hospitals waking up to the disabled's needs, but slowly". Deccan Herald. 22 June 2013.
  16. ↑ "AIIMS plans access to disabled, others silent". The Times of India. 12 August 2013. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013.
  17. ↑ "Most medical colleges ignore directive on facilities for disabled". The Hindu. 12 August 2013.
  18. ↑ Singh, Satendra (25 August 2018). "Medical Council of India's new guidelines on the admission of persons with specified disabilities: Unfair, discriminatory and unlawful". Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. 4 (1): 29–34. doi:10.20529/IJME.2018.064. PMID 30473493. S2CID 53751946.
  19. ↑ "Medical Council of India's guidelines for pupils with disabilities amended by Union Health Ministry". DNA. 23 August 2018.
  20. ↑ Salian, P (2019). "One Doctor's Disability May Lead to Curriculum Change in India". British Medical Journal. 365: l4215. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4215. PMID 31239366. S2CID 195659599.
  21. ↑ Meeks, LM; Maraki, I; Singh, S; Curry, RH (14 March 2020). "Global commitments to disability inclusion in health professions". Lancet. 395 (10227): 852–853. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30215-4. PMID 32171395. S2CID 212698423.
  22. ↑ Singh, Satendra; Cotts, Kamalagullapalli; Maroof, Khanamir; Dhaliwal, Upreet; Singh, Navjeevan; Xie, Tao (2020). "Disability-inclusive Compassionate Care: Disability Competencies for an Indian Medical Graduate". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 9 (3): 1719–1727. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1211_19. PMC 7266227. PMID 32509678.
  23. ↑ Bhuyan, Anoo (19 July 2019). "MCI Finally Updates MBBS Curriculum to Include Disability Rights and Dignity". The Wire.
  24. ↑ "MBBS students to learn disability rights". Times of India. 8 August 2019.
  25. ↑ "Black armband silent protest against GTB hospital". Millennium Post. 4 December 2012.
  26. ↑ Singh, S (May 2012). "Broadening horizons: looking beyond disability". Medical Education. 46 (5): 522. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04246.x. PMID 22515781. S2CID 33404803.
  27. ↑ "Not a disabled friendly electoral system". The Hindu. 5 December 2013.
  28. ↑ "मतदान केन्द्रो पर विकलांगो के लिए जरूरी सुविधाओ का अभाव". हिंदुस्तान. 3 December 2013.
  29. ↑ "Raw deal for physically challenged voters". The Statesman, page 2. 5 December 2013.
  30. ↑ "Delhi election 2013: Disabled voters rip apart system on web". The Times of India. 6 December 2013.
  31. ↑ "Polls near, but no data of voters with disabilities". The Times of India. 27 January 2014. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014.
  32. ↑ "Call for inclusive elections". Hindu. 20 March 2014.
  33. ↑ "Voters with disability can register online". Times of India. 27 March 2014.
  34. ↑ "Lok Sabha Polls. Spirited disabled voters throng well equipped poll booths". IBN Live. 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014.
  35. ↑ "EC warned to make website differentlyabled-friendly". The Hindu. 18 August 2014.
  36. ↑ "Doctor's efforts bring disabled-friendly ATMs at GTB Hospital". The Statesman, Page 3. 24 April 2013.
  37. ↑ "Few ATMs disabled-friendly". The Times of India. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013.
  38. ↑ "Many post offices not accessible to disabled, reveals RTI query". The Hindu. 12 November 2012.
  39. ↑ "No ease of access to post offices for disabled". The Times of India. 29 October 2012.
  40. ↑ "Access denied: Delhi not for disabled". Hindustan Times. 2 December 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013.
  41. ↑ Singh, S; Khosla, J; Sridhar, S (July 2012). "Exploring medical humanities through theatre of the oppressed". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 54 (3): 296–7. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.102461. PMC 3512382. PMID 23226869.
  42. ↑ "They capture the world in their mind's eye". The Times of India. 8 October 2012. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014.
  43. ↑ "Photography, a collegiate passion". The Asian Age. 22 August 2012.
  44. ↑ "DU professor with disability harassed at Hyderabad airport". Times of India. 25 February 2014.
  45. ↑ "India Civil Aviation Misses Court of CCPD Notice Deadline On Frisking". Reduced Mobility. 3 October 2014.
  46. ↑ "DGCA given 30 days to prove disabled not harassed". Times of India. 15 September 2014.
  47. ↑ "UPSC asked to withdraw proforma which demands photographs showing disability from applicants". IBN Live. 14 October 2014.
  48. ↑ "IITs asked to stop using disability photos in applications". 3 November 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016 – via Hindustan Times.
  49. ↑ "WHO World Polio Day".
  50. ↑ Singh, S (11 January 2013). "It's time to correct the literature". Vaccine. 31 (4): 591. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.059. PMID 23219693.
  51. ↑ "Google doodle celebrates 100th birthday of Jonas Salk, who developed polio vaccine". Times of India.
  52. ↑ "Observing polio day on the wrong date?". Hindu. 29 October 2014.
  53. ↑ "Delhi University doctor stands up for UP government employee's rights". Times of India. 23 April 2017.
  54. ↑ "UP Minister Could Become First to Be Tried Under New Disability Law". The Wire. 21 April 2017.
  55. ↑ Priya Menon (13 January 2021). "DCPCR recommends ban on sex assignment surgeries on intersex children in Delhi | Delhi News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  56. ↑ "7 officials, NGO from Delhi get 'Best Electoral Practices Awards-2020'". Daily Pioneer.
  57. ↑ Medicine, The University of Chicago. "Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence at the University of Chicago". Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence at the University of Chicago.
  58. ↑ "CHAI hosts the 2019 Mary Glowrey - Liliane Brekelmans Disability Award". CHAI. 12 December 2019.
  59. ↑ "Doctor Who Helped People With Disabilities In 2014 Election Wins Prestigious US Award". NDTV. 5 December 2017.
  60. ↑ "They tell tales of a disabled system that hurt them". Times of India. 3 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  61. ↑ "Disability awards presented". Business Standard. 14 August 2013.
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