San Ysidro Port of Entry
San Ysidro Border Inspection Station in 2011
Location
CountryUnited States
Location
Coordinates32°32′36″N 117°01′47″W / 32.54333°N 117.02972°W / 32.54333; -117.02972
Details
Opened1906
HoursOpen 24 Hours
Exit PortEl Chaparral
Statistics
2019 Cars[1]14,979,363
2019 Individuals [1]53,296,133
2019 Pedestrians[1]10,799,398
Website
https://www.bts.gov/browse-statistical-products-and-data/border-crossing-data/border-crossingentry-data

The San Ysidro Port of Entry (aka San Ysidro Land Port of Entry or San Ysidro LPOE)[2] is the largest land border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana, and the fourth-busiest land border crossing in the world (second-busiest excluding the crossings between Mainland China and its two Special Administrative Regions)[3] with 70,000 northbound vehicles and 20,000 northbound pedestrians crossing each day, in addition to southbound traffic.[4] It connects Mexican Federal Highway 1 on the Mexican side with Interstate 5 on the American side. The San Ysidro Port of Entry is one of three ports of entry in the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan region.

Gateways

There is a northbound and southbound vehicle crossing, as well as two separate bidirectional pedestrian crossings.

Northbound vehicle crossing

There are currently 34 northbound vehicle lanes to cross from Mexico to the U.S.[5] [6]

Southbound vehicle crossing (El Chaparral)

The southbound lanes of Interstate 5 which take vehicles into Mexico have been moved west of their previous location through the new El Chaparral Point of Entry (Spanish: Puerta México el Chaparral).[7] This relocation and expansion was necessary to provide space for the construction of new administrative and border inspection facilities and to increase the number of northbound vehicle lanes. The El Chaparral gateway also has a vehicle and passenger inspection station at which U.S. officials may conduct inspections of southbound traffic, and provides for more thorough inspection of southbound traffic by Mexican officials. El Chaparral was the name of the Tijuana border crossing prior to the 1983 modifications.

Eastern/main pedestrian crossing

Pedestrians may cross northbound immediately east of the northbound vehicle crossing. As of May 2017 they are temporarily processed in the Milo building while a new facility is built to the west.[8] There are currently 15 pedestrian lanes,[5] and more will be added with the current expansion project.

The eastern (main) southbound pedestrian crossing is east of the northbound crossing, immediately south of the San Ysidro trolley station. Pedestrians pass through the 6.9-million-dollar, three-story Puerta Este México-San Ysidro building, opened in August 2015, containing Mexican passport control and customs[9] which since late 2017 exits to a path leading to Frontera street just southwest of Ferrocarril street. Prior to 2012 the southbound pedestrian crossing was west of the northbound vehicle crossing and exited to a bridge leading to Plaza Viva Tijuana.[10]

PedWest (western pedestrian crossing)

The PedWest pedestrian crossing is located at the east side of the Las Americas outlet mall where Virginia Avenue dead-ends at the border, immediately west of the El Chaparral port of entry into Mexico. On the Mexican side a walkway connects PedWest southeastward, ending across the street from the Plaza Viva Tijuana mall, from which there is a bridge to Downtown Tijuana.[11] PedWest opened for northbound pedestrians in July 2016[12] for southbound pedestrians on July 31, 2017.[13] PedWest improved efficiency as now 63,000 people pass through it each day. There are 10 northbound and 2 reversible lanes. This has also become a better alternative for pedestrian traffic, due to the Southbound I-5 re-alignment.[14]

Closure (2020 – 2023)

PedWest was closed in April 2020 in response to decreased traffic as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[15] By early 2021, the plaza on the Mexican side of PedWest had become a tent city populated by hundreds of asylum-seeking migrants waiting for their cases to be processed by the United States, causing the reopening of the crossing to be delayed indefinitely.[16] Plans to re-open the crossing in December 2022 were halted following the United States Supreme Court's decision to maintain Title 42.[17] PedWest reopened in January 2023 with limited opening hours from 6am to 2pm.

History

There has been a land border inspection station in the community of San Ysidro since the early 20th century.

San Ysidro Border Inspection Station in 1922

Cars, pedestrians, trucks and trains have been inspected at this crossing. In the 1950s, due to congestion, truck traffic was moved a short distance west to a crossing at Virginia Avenue. Then in 1983, the Otay Mesa Port of Entry was opened and all truck traffic is now inspected there. In 1933 the NRHP-listed Old Customs House was built in Mission Revival style, and still stands housing offices.

The 1933 Mission Revival-style Old Customs House, in a photo from 1981

The current San Ysidro Land Port of Entry facility was constructed in the 1970s to meet the needs of the time and the projected growth in the coming years. This port is considered the busiest international port of entry in the world in terms of individual crossers and vehicle movements from one country to another.[6]

With over 90,000 daily commuters crossing between Tijuana and San Diego, commuting has become a challenge for everyday commuters in the metropolitan region; visitors to and from Baja California spend one to three, and as many as five, hours waiting to enter into the United States. U.S. Border and Customs officials have said that newly implemented inspection technology and properly processing the large number of persons and vehicles who go through the port on a daily basis have resulted in long lines and long wait times.[18]

2018 confrontation

On Sunday, November 25, 2018, groups of Central American migrants tried to forcibly cross the border into the United States. Some of them threw rocks at US Border Patrol agents, who responded by firing tear gas into the crowd which included families with small children.[19][20][21] The firing of tear gas across the international border into Mexico was immediately protested by the Foreign Ministry of Mexico, which demanded a full investigation.[22]

Expansion project

Proposed San Ysidro Port Facility
Aerial view of artist's rendering of the finished San Ysidro Land Port of Entry in 2015.
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeAdministrative, Immigration and Customs Inspection
LocationSan Diego, CA
Construction startedDecember 2009
OpenedDecember 23, 2019
Technical details
Floor count4
Floor area225,000 sq ft (20,903 m2) of office space, 110,000 sq ft (10,219 m2) of inspection operations space[23]
Design and construction
Architect(s)Miller Hull Partnership
DeveloperGeneral Services Administration

The San Ysidro Land Port of Entry Expansion Project is a bi-national effort between the United States and Mexican governments which aims for the demolition, relocation, expansion, renovation, modernization and construction of new administrative and operational facilities of the current land port of entry in the San Ysidro district of San Diego. The project calls for a complete overhaul of the current international border inspection facilities on both sides of the border at a total cost of about $625 million which includes $577 million[24] for the expansion of the northbound U.S. point of entry and roughly $48 million (MXN $598) for the construction of an entirely new southbound Mexican point of entry.[25]

The project is being carried out in three phases:[26]

  • Phase I involves the expansion of northbound vehicle lanes, the implementation of dual primary vehicle inspection booths and a higher capacity secondary inspection facility.
  • Phase II involves the demolition of the current administrative building and construction of bigger replacement along with a multi-story employee parking structure. A new pedestrian processing building will also be constructed.
  • Phase III involves the relocation of the southbound lanes entering Mexico. These lanes will be moved west of their current location to make space for the planned expansion of new buildings, parking structure and extra northbound lanes. Their new location will allow for a southbound traffic checkpoint to facilitate U.S. officials to conduct inspection of vehicles heading to Mexico. Mexican officials will greet vehicles and occupants at a bigger and better equipped immigration and customs inspection station known as Puerta Mexico El Chaparral.

After the completion of the expansion project, the total northbound lanes is expected to be 62 automobile lanes. This will also add 110,000 square feet of energy preserving and producing material. Not only is there an expected increase in lanes, but an increase in SENTRI efficiency.[27]

Construction

2011
  • On the U.S. side, construction of the new east/west pedestrian bridge was completed on February 15, 2011.[28]
  • On September 14, 2011, part of the wooden panels and support beams from the construction project collapsed on vehicles crossing the border, injuring nine people, two seriously. All northbound traffic was diverted to the Otay Mesa Port of Entry for the rest of the day, causing massive traffic jams.[29]
2013
  • On the Tijuana side construction of links to connect the new El Chaparral Facility with Via Rápida and Avenida Internacional, which leads drivers to the western Tijuana borough of Playas de Tijuana and nearby Rosarito Beach, was built in 2013 (see below).[30]
2015

Prior to September 2012, pedestrians walked from the U.S. to Mexico by crossing a pedestrian bridge, entering Mexico to the west of Interstate 5, and walking through a corridor leading to the west side of the crossing (Avenida de la Amistad). Then a temporary pedestrian crossing facility was built on the Mexican side on the east side of the crossing. This was replaced when in August 2015 Mexico inaugurated a new pedestrian crossing facility to the east of the northbound traffic lanes. For the first time foreigners are required to show passports when entering Mexico at the border, whereas previously they only had to be shown when entering the interior of the country.[31][32]

2016

On July 15, 2016,[33] the PedWest pedestrian crossing and Virginia Avenue transit center were opened. On the Mexican side a temporary, partially enclosed walkway was opened connecting this crossing southeastward to the pedestrian bridge from Plaza Viva Tijuana that heads southwest to Downtown Tijuana.[11] This walkway was nicknamed "Puente Chicanadas" ("cheap/quick fix bridge") and characterized by some as dangerous, suffocating and embarrassing to Mexico. In September 2016, a definitive walkway from Plaza Viva Tijuana costing 25 million pesos (about 1.3 million dollars at the time), was opened.[34]

2017–2019

Phase III began in September 2017, after the realignment of Southbound Interstate 5 had been completed. The project for Phase III was completed in December 2019[35] which resulted in an increase from 5 inspection lanes to 10. This project also includes an increase in the Northbound inspection lanes by adding 8 new lanes on the east side of the border crossing. This project does not affect existing pedestrian lanes.[36] Architects Miller Hull Partnership were leading the third phase of the project with a budget of US$150 million.[37]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Border Crossing/Entry Data". www.bts.gov. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
  2. ↑ "San Ysidro LPOE Project Facts". www.gsa.gov. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  3. ↑ Massive traffic cripples Tijuana border crossing, Reuters, April 19, 2007, retrieved June 22, 2011
  4. ↑ "San Ysidro Land Port of Entry". www.gsa.gov. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  5. 1 2 "CBP Border Wait Times". apps.cbp.gov. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  6. 1 2 San Ysidro Port of Entry Fact Sheet, http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist11/departments/planning/pdfs/GSA_SanYsidro_Fact_Sheet.pdf
  7. ↑ Project Overview, "Project Overview". Archived from the original on May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  8. ↑ MESA, OTAY (May 19, 2017). "Changes to Northbound Pedestrian Crossing at San Ysidro this Monday (05/22) - OTAYMESA". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  9. ↑ Dibble, Sandra (August 20, 2015). "New pedestrian crossing unveiled in Tijuana". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  10. ↑ Dibble, Sandra (September 24, 2012). "New southbound pedestrian crossing opens today at San Ysidro". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  11. 1 2 "Everything You Need to Know About PedWest, San Ysidro’s New Pedestrian Port of Entry", San Diego Red, July 2016
  12. ↑ "San Ysidro Port of Entry's New PedWest Facility, Transit Center Opens". www.gsa.gov. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  13. ↑ Dibble, Sandra (August 2017). "New pedestrian entry to Mexico opens at PedWest". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  14. ↑ "San Diego Regional Chamber". SD Regional Chamber. August 4, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  15. ↑ "PedWest crossing temporarily closed as part of changes at the California-Mexico border". SD Union Tribune. April 4, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  16. ↑ "Inside Migrant Camp In Tijuana, Asylum-Seekers Are Waiting On A Plan". KPBS. March 16, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  17. ↑ "PedWest pedestrian crossing at San Ysidro port of entry remains closed, CBP officials clarify". December 21, 2022.
  18. ↑ "Installation of New Technology Expected to Slow Border Crossings". KPBS. June 27, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2011.The article states: "U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials are warning of delays this summer 2008 at California border crossings as they install new technology. They say the new tools will ultimately decrease wait times."
  19. ↑ Montes, Juan; Perez, Santiago; Whelan, Robbie (November 26, 2018). "U.S. Border Patrol Uses Tear Gas to Disperse Migrant Caravan". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  20. ↑ Lind, Dara (November 26, 2018). "How a march at the US-Mexico border descended into tear gas and chaos". Vox. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  21. ↑ Averbuch, Maya; Malkin, Elisabeth (November 25, 2018). "Migrants in Tijuana Run to U.S. Border, but Fall Back in Face of Tear Gas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  22. ↑ Specia, Megan; Gladstone, Rick (November 28, 2018). "Border Agents Shot Tear Gas into Mexico. Was It Legal?". The New York Times. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  23. ↑ Design Overview, "The Miller Hull Partnership Unveils New Designs for San Ysidro U.S. Land Port of Entry" (PDF). www.gsa.gov. General Services Administration. August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
  24. ↑ Project Funding, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/103065
  25. ↑ "El Chaparral Expansion Project" (in Spanish). Tijuana. October 28, 2010. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  26. ↑ San Ysidro Construction Project, http://www.sdnn.com/sandiego/2010-01-25/mexico/san-ysidro-construction-project-expected-to-last-until-2015
  27. ↑ "San Ysidro LPOE Project Facts". www.gsa.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  28. ↑ "New Footbridge Opens to Public". NCB San Diego. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  29. ↑ Several injured in border crossing roof collapse, San Diego Union-Tribune, retrieved September 14, 2011
  30. ↑ Spanish, El Chaparral Expansion Project, http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/noticia_completa.jsp?noticia=19316
  31. ↑ "New pedestrian crossing unveiled in Tijuana", Sandra Dibble, San Diego Union-Tribune", Aug. 19, 2015
  32. ↑ "First day of new pedestrian border crossing", San Diego Red, September 24, 2012
  33. ↑ Guerrero, Jean (July 15, 2016). "Pedestrian Crossing At San Ysidro Opens". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  34. ↑ "Adiós al puente chicanadas; ya funciona la obra definitiva en Ped West", Sintesis TV, September 12, 2016
  35. ↑ Srikrishnan, Maya (December 23, 2019). "Border Report: 10 Years and $741M Later, the Port of Entry Expansion Is Done". San Diego, California. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  36. ↑ "The 5 Realign Project". www.gsa.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
  37. ↑ "San Ysidro LPOE, Phase 3 | Clark Construction". www.clarkconstruction.com. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
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