San Bernardino Pass
Italian: Passo del San Bernardino
German: Bernhardinpass
Summit of San Bernardino pass
Elevation2,066 m (6,778 ft)[1]
Traversed byRoad
LocationGraubünden, Switzerland
RangeLepontine Alps
Coordinates46°29′46″N 9°10′15″E / 46.49611°N 9.17083°E / 46.49611; 9.17083
Topo mapSwiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo
San Bernardino Pass is located in Switzerland
San Bernardino Pass
Location in Switzerland

San Bernardino Pass (Italian: Passo del San Bernardino, German: Bernhardinpass, 2,066 metres (6,778 ft)) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina (Misox) valleys between Thusis (canton of Graubünden) and Bellinzona (canton of Ticino). Located in the far eastern side of the Western Alps it is not to be confused with the Great St Bernard Pass and the Little St Bernard Pass. The top of the pass represents both the Italo-German language frontier and the watershed (drainage divide) between the Po basin and the Rhine basin. Marscholsee is within the pass at an elevation of 2,053 m (6,736 ft).

The route first became important as a mule track in the fifteenth century when the route between Thusis and Splügen was known as the Via Mala. A road for wheeled vehicles was opened in 1770; this road was significantly improved between 1821 and 1823, financed in part by the Kingdom of Sardinia, keen to improve a trade route connecting Genoa and Piedmont to the Graubünden that was not directly controlled by Austria.

Traffic flow was much facilitated when in 1967, the San Bernardino road tunnel was completed: since then vehicle traffic on the pass has been reduced, benefiting those taking the time to avoid the tunnel. The pass road is only open from May to November.

San Bernardino Pass and Laghetto Moesola

Climate

The average climatic conditions for San Bernardino village at the entry point to the San Bernardino tunnel at 1,639 m (5,377 ft) are given in the following chart.

Climate data for S. Bernardino village (1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1)		 0.7
(33.3)		 3.2
(37.8)		 5.8
(42.4)		 10.8
(51.4)		 15.1
(59.2)		 17.8
(64.0)		 17.2
(63.0)		 13.2
(55.8)		 9.2
(48.6)		 3.8
(38.8)		 1.0
(33.8)		 8.2
(46.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.6
(25.5)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 1.9
(35.4)		 6.5
(43.7)		 10.5
(50.9)		 13.0
(55.4)		 12.4
(54.3)		 8.9
(48.0)		 4.9
(40.8)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 3.9
(39.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.6
(18.3)		 −7.5
(18.5)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 2.6
(36.7)		 6.0
(42.8)		 8.3
(46.9)		 8.1
(46.6)		 5.0
(41.0)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 0.0
(32.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 89
(3.5)		 62
(2.4)		 95
(3.7)		 171
(6.7)		 216
(8.5)		 188
(7.4)		 188
(7.4)		 193
(7.6)		 202
(8.0)		 182
(7.2)		 162
(6.4)		 105
(4.1)		 1,854
(73.0)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 95.3
(37.5)		 77.8
(30.6)		 76.4
(30.1)		 92.8
(36.5)		 13.6
(5.4)		 0.5
(0.2)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 1.4
(0.6)		 9.9
(3.9)		 64.6
(25.4)		 89.4
(35.2)		 521.7
(205.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.5 6.7 8.5 11.2 14.7 12.0 11.5 12.4 10.1 10.7 9.4 8.2 122.9
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 8.9 7.5 7.4 8 1.8 0.1 0 0 0.2 1.6 6.9 8.6 51
Average relative humidity (%) 63 64 65 71 74 71 71 73 75 76 71 68 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 101 109 140 120 125 150 172 159 138 114 88 88 1,504
Source: MeteoSwiss[2]

See also

Bibliography

  • Nicola Pfund, Sui passi in bicicletta - Swiss Alpine passes by bicycle, Fontana Edizioni, 2012, p. 134-139. ISBN 978-88-8191-281-0

References

  1. ↑ Swisstopo maps
  2. ↑ "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 1638 meters above sea level.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.