Waḥyu (Arabic: وَحْي, IPA: [waħj]; pl.: وُحِيّ wuḥiyy, IPA: [wuħijː]; also spelled wahi) is the Arabic word for revelation. In Islamic belief, revelations are God's Word delivered by His chosen individuals – known as Messenger prophets – to mankind.[1]

Quran

In Islam, the Quran is considered a revelation given to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. The word awha (أوحى awḥá) occurs in a number of shades of meaning, each of them indicating the main underlying idea of directing or guiding someone or something.

Islamic scholars say that there is a clear difference between these kind of wahy and wahy to the Messenger Prophet. The prophets were very much conscious about revelations and they firmly believed that the revelations were true and came from the Almighty God. The word wahy (revelation) is derived from awha.

In Islamic tradition, Quran 42:51 serves as the basis of understanding for waḥy.

"It is not fitting for a man that Allah should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending of a messenger to reveal, with Allah's permission, what Allah wills".[3]

Based on this, Islamic scholars have described three ways in which God's revelation can reach his chosen individuals, especially prophets.[4][5]

  • An inspired message – not a word but an idea – can enter the heart of the chosen individuals either in the state of consciousness or in dream.[6]
  • The second mode, it is said, is the word heard by the person spoken to, like, from behind a veil (indirectly). An example would be Moses and the burning bush.[6]
  • In the third mode, the revelation is sent from God through archangels like Gabriel and is delivered to the prophets. It is the highest form of revelation, and Muslims believe the whole Quran was revealed in this mode.[4][6]

Purpose

According to Islamic scholar Muhammad Shafi Usmani, God has created three media through which human receive knowledge: the senses, the faculty of reason, and the divine revelation; and it is the third one that addresses the liturgical and eschatological issues, answers the questions regarding God's purpose behind creating mankind, and acts as a guidance for the mankind as to choosing the correct way.[7] In Islamic belief, the sequence of divine revelation came to an end with Muhammad.[7]

Mode of descent

As regard to revelation received by Muhammad, Muslim sources mention various modes in which they believe revelation came to him. Muslim scholar Muhammad Shafi Usmani has summarized five modes of descent. The common mode was that Muhammad would hear sound like "the ringing of a bell" after which he found the message committed to his memory. Sometimes, the archangel would come in human shape, most often of Dihyah al-Kalbi. In two cases, Gabriel appeared in his real form. Once, on the night of Miraj, Muhammad is believed to have had a direct conversation with God. In the fifth mode, Gabriel would let the revelation enter into Muhammad's heart.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts On File. p. 589. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Q41:12, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
  3. ↑ Abdullah Yusuf Ali 42:51
  4. 1 2 Muhammad Shafi Usmani, Maariful Quran, see commentary on 42:51
  5. ↑ Emly, Antoz. "Top 10 online quran websites". Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 Ali, Muhammad (1936). The Religion of Islam. Lahore. p. 70. ISBN 9781934271186.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. 1 2 3 "Introduction" (PDF). Maariful Quran.

Further reading

  • Tamer, Georges, Revelation, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp. 524–527. ISBN 1610691776.
  • M. M. Azami (2003). The History of the Qur'anic Text from Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments. UK Islamic Academy. ISBN 978-1872531656.
  • 1000 Qudsi Hadiths: An Encyclopedia of Divine Sayings; New York: Arabic Virtual Translation Center; (2012) ISBN 978-1-4700-2994-4
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