Resuscitation

Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient. It is an important part of intensive care medicine, anesthesiology, trauma surgery and emergency medicine. Well-known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.^[1]

Variables

System	Example causes		Biomarker		Treatment
Hypoperfusion (Circulatory shock)	Haemorrhagic shock	Hypovolemia (Hypovolemic shock)	Intravascular volume status (Preload)	Heart rate (Tachycardia) / Systolic blood pressure (Hypotension) / Decreased urine output	Intravenous fluid / Intraosseous infusion / Blood transfusion with packed red blood cells
	Cardiogenic shock		Cardiac output		Positive inotropic agents / Chronotropes
	Distributive shock	Sepsis (Septic shock)	Vascular permeability		Vasopressors
	Distributive shock	Neurogenic shock	Total peripheral resistance		Vasopressors
	Obstructive shock	Cardiac tamponade	Beck's triad		Pericardiocentesis/Thoracotomy with pericardial window
		Tension pneumothorax			Thoracentesis/Chest drain
		Pulmonary embolism			Thrombolysis/Embolectomy
Acid–base imbalance	Acidosis		pH		Sodium bicarbonate
Acid–base imbalance	Alkalosis		pH		Interventional/Supportive
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure)	Hypercapnia		PaCO2		Interventional/Supportive
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure)	Hypoxia		PaO2		Oxygen therapy
Altered level of consciousness	Coma	Narcosis (Drug overdose) / Stroke (Intracranial hemorrhage)	Glasgow Coma Scale		Interventional/Supportive
Blood sugar regulation	Hyperglycemia		Blood sugar		Insulin
Blood sugar regulation	Hypoglycemia		Blood sugar		Glucose
Electrolyte imbalance	Hyperkalemia		Serum potassium		Calcium chloride/Calcium diglutamate, others
Electrolyte imbalance	Hypokalemia		Serum potassium		Potassium
Coagulopathy	Hypocoagulability		Coagulation screen		Fresh frozen plasma/Cryoprecipitate/Platelets

Advanced life support – Life-saving protocols
Advanced cardiac life support – Emergency medical care
Advanced trauma life support – American medical training program
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Emergency procedure for cardiac arrest
Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation – medical procedure
Fluid replacement, also known as Fluid resuscitation – medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost
Hs and Ts – Mnemonic
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation – Artificial ventilation using exhaled air from the rescuer
Neonatal resuscitation
Pediatric advanced life support – American Heart Association course

Intensive care medicine

General terms

Conditions

Organ system failure	Shock sequence SIRS Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Other shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock Anaphylaxis Obstructive shock Neurogenic shock Spinal shock Vasodilatory shock Organ failure Acute renal failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute liver failure Respiratory failure Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Neonatal infection Polytrauma Coma
Complications	Critical illness polyneuropathy / myopathy Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency Decubitus ulcers Fungemia Stress hyperglycemia Stress ulcer
Iatrogenesis	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Oxygen toxicity Refeeding syndrome Ventilator-associated lung injury Ventilator-associated pneumonia Dialytrauma

Diagnosis

Life-supporting treatments

Airway management and mechanical ventilation
- Tracheal intubation
Cardiac devices
- Intra-aortic balloon pump
- Ventricular assist device
Chest tube
Kidney dialysis
Early goal-directed therapy
Induced coma
Nutritional supplementation
- Enteral feeding
- Total parenteral nutrition
Therapeutic hypothermia

Drugs

ICU scoring systems

Physiology

Organisations

Related specialties

Trauma

Principles

Assessment

Clinical prediction rules	Abbreviated Injury Scale Injury Severity Score NACA score Revised Trauma Score
Investigations	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Management

Principles	Advanced trauma life support Damage control surgery Early appropriate care Trauma center Trauma surgery Trauma team
Procedures	Resuscitative thoracotomy

Pathophysiology

Injury	MSK Bone fracture Degloving Joint dislocation Soft tissue injury Resp Diaphragmatic rupture Flail chest Hemothorax Pneumothorax Pulmonary contusion Cardio Cardiac tamponade Internal bleeding Thoracic aorta injury GI Blunt kidney trauma Splenic injury Neuro Intracranial hemorrhage Penetrating head injury Traumatic brain injury
Mechanism	Blast injury Blunt trauma Burn Crush injury Electrocution Gunshot wound Penetrating trauma Stab wound
Region	Abdominal trauma Chest injury Facial trauma Head injury Spinal cord injury
Demographic	Geriatric trauma Pediatric trauma

Complications

Emergency medicine
Emergency medicine	Emergency department Emergency medical services Emergency nursing Emergency psychiatry Golden hour Medical emergency International emergency medicine Pediatric emergency medicine Pre-hospital emergency medicine Major trauma Trauma center Triage
Equipment	Bag valve mask (BVM) Chest tube Defibrillation (AED ICD) Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) Intraosseous infusion (IO) Intravenous therapy (IV) Tracheal intubation Laryngeal tube Combitube Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) Pocket mask
Drugs	Adenosine Amiodarone Atropine Dopamine Epinephrine / Adrenaline Naloxone Magnesium sulfate Sodium bicarbonate
Organisations	International Federation for Emergency Medicine (International Conference on Emergency Medicine) American College of Emergency Physicians Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians Royal College of Emergency Medicine European Society for Emergency Medicine Asian Society for Emergency Medicine American Academy of Emergency Medicine
Courses / Life support	First aid Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation Basic life support (BLS) Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns (ACoRN) Pediatric basic life support (PBLS) Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient (CCrISP)
Scoring systems	NACA score Injury Severity Score
Category Outline

Shock
Distributive	Septic shock Neurogenic shock Anaphylactic shock Toxic shock syndrome
Obstructive	Abdominal compartment syndrome
Low-volume	Hemorrhage Hypovolemia Osmotic shock
Other	Cardiogenic Spinal shock Cryptic shock Vasodilatory shock

References

↑ "Resuscitation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30.

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Variables

See also

References