| Punctelia reddenda | |
|---|---|
 | |
| in Monsanto Forest Park, Lisbon, Portugal | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Punctelia |
| Species: | P. reddenda |
| Binomial name | |
| Punctelia reddenda | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Punctelia reddenda is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Africa, Europe, North America, and South America, where it grows on bark and on rock.
Taxonomy
It was first described scientifically in 1903 by Scottish cryptogam specialist James Stirton, as Parmelia reddenda. The type was collected by botanist James McAndrew near New Galloway in Scotland.[2] In 1982, Hildur Krog transferred the taxon to Punctelia, a newly circumscribed genus, with 22 pseudocyphella-possessing species segregated from Parmelia.[3]
Description
The lichen has an upper thallus surface that is grey, and covered with bright soredia. The lower surface of the thallus is black.[4] The thallus diameter is typically 5.0–7.5 cm (2.0–3.0 in) broad, comprising irregularly branched and laterally overlapping lobes that are 1.0–5.5 millimetres (0.04–0.2 in) wide with rounded tips. Point-like, conspicuous (i.e., readily visible) pseudocyphellae are abundant on the surface. Also abundant are coarse, granular soredia. The medulla is white.[5]
The cortex is K+ (yellow), indicating the presence of atranorin, while the medulla is negative for all lichen spot tests. A chemical analysis of Brazilian specimens using thin layer chromatography revealed the known compounds praesorediosic acid, protopraesorediosic acid, and protolichesterinic acid as well as an unidentified fatty acid.[5]
The North American species Punctelia appalachensis is similar in appearance to P. reddenda, with a black thallus undersurface and negative medullary spot test reactions. However, it is distinguishable from P. reddenda because rather than soredia, it has abundant laminal and marginal lobulae (growths of the upper cortex or thallus margin, usually with a constricted base, that fall away as propagules).[5]
Habitat and distribution
Punctelia reddenda grows on bark, but has also been recorded growing on rock.[5] An older (1974) source considered its European distribution to be more or less limited to coastal areas ranging from southern Sweden to Brittany.[6] A 2008 survey of parmelioid lichens in Europe indicated its presence in Germany, Spain, France, Greece, Ireland, and Madeira, also noting that it was extinct in Sweden.[7] In North America, its centre of distribution is the Appalachian Mountains. In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, it is only found at elevations greater than 5,000 ft (1,500 m), in hardwood or spruce forests in the mountains.[4] In South America, it occurs in Bolivia,[8] Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela. It is also found in South Africa[5] and Macaronesia.[6]
References
- ↑ "Synonymy: Punctelia reddenda (Stirt.) Krog, Nordic Jl Bot. 2(3): 291 (1982)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ↑ Stirton, J. (1878). "On certain lichens belonging to the genus Parmelia". Scottish Naturalist. 4: 298–299.
- ↑ Krog, Hildur (1982). "Punctelia, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 2 (3): 287–292. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01191.x.
- 1 2 Tripp, Erin A.; Lendemer, James C. (2020). Field Guide to the Lichens of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press. p. 390. ISBN 978-1-62190-514-1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Spielmann, Adriano Afonso; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto (2008). "Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from roadsides and slopes in the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil". Biociências. 16 (2): 79–91.
- 1 2 Østhagen, Haavard (1974). "The Parmelia borreri group (Lichenes) in Macaronesia" (PDF). Cuadernos de Botánica Canaria. 27: 11–14.
- ↑ Hawksworth, David L.; Blanco, Oscar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Ahti, Teuvo; Crespo, Ana (2008). "A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions". The Lichenologist. 40 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1017/S0024282908007329. S2CID 84927575.
- ↑ Flakus, Adam; Sipman, Harrie J. M.; Rodriguez Flakus, Pamela; Schiefelbein, Ulf; Jabłońska, Agnieszka; Kukwa, Martin; Oset, Magdalena (2014). "Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 6". Polish Botanical Journal. 59 (1): 63–83. doi:10.2478/pbj-2014-0020.