Artist Michael Mandiberg and assistant Jonathan Kiritharan of the "Print Wikipedia" project, at the "From Aaaaa! to ZZZap!" exhibition, on the day before its opening at Denny Gallery, New York City, US[1]

Print Wikipedia is an art project by Michael Mandiberg that included a printed edition of 106 volumes of the English Wikipedia as it existed on 7 April 2015. The bound paper volumes, each running 700 pages, represented a fraction of the 7,473 total volumes necessary to render the encyclopedia's extant text on that date. As first shown at the Denny Gallery in New York City, United States, during summer 2015,[2] the project included a display of the spines of the first 1,980 volumes in the set.[1][3] The 106 printed volumes included only text of the encyclopedia articles: images and references were omitted.[4] Supplementing the printed volumes of encyclopedia articles, additional print volumes included the appendix to all 7.5 million contributors to English Wikipedia (in 36 volumes) and a table of contents (in 91 volumes).[5]

Print Wikipedia on display on the wall at Arizona State University

From 24 February to 21 May 2016 it was exhibited inside the Charles Trumbull Hayden Library on the Arizona State University Tempe campus, adjacent to the library's conventional encyclopedia section.[6][7][8]

Background

Wikipedia page from Contributor Appendix (detail)

Mandiberg originally conceived the project in 2009 but ran into technical difficulties. He then engaged an assistant, Jonathan Kirinathan, to aid with the programming of the code to compile, format and upload the entire contents of English Wikipedia.[1] The print files were uploaded to book self-publisher Lulu and made available for printout as paper volumes.

Mandiberg's motivation was to answer the question, "How big is it?" For a big data entity, its size is on the threshold of what can be perceived as a collection of volumes, but not so large as to overwhelm one's senses, such as the data files of Facebook or the NSA.[9] Katherine Maher, the executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation, described it as "a gesture at knowledge". Wikimedia cooperated with the project and Lulu.com helped fund it.[5]

The task took three years, and the upload process took 24 days, 3 hours and 18 minutes. It was completed on 12 July 2015.[10] PediaPress had attempted to raise money for a full English Wikipedia printout on Indiegogo in 2014, with a goal of $50,000 (£30,000), but the project was pulled.[11] The abandoned project had intended to print 1,000 volumes, of 1,200 pages each: a total of 1,200,000 pages, roughly equal to 80 m (260 ft) of shelf space.[12] Mandiberg later assured people that they would not be printing out the entire collection, claiming that an entire collection is not necessary for people to comprehend the true size of Wikipedia, and, once people have seen a portion of it, it will help them realize its size.[13] Mandiberg estimates that the printing costs of a full printout would be around $500,000. The Denny art exhibit featured only a selection of actual printed volumes with about 2,000 of the other volumes represented as spines on the wall. The show revolved around the actual upload of the print files to Lulu.com.[2]

Influence

Similar art projects have printed part of the German Wikipedia (Berlin, 2016) and the Dutch Wikipedia (Ghent, 2016).[14]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Print Wikipedia, in 7,600 volumes, to sell for $500,000". The Hindu. 21 June 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
  2. 1 2 Hegert, Natalie (24 June 2015). "Standing Out in the Crowd: 10 Summer Solo Shows Around the World in 2015". MutualArt.com. Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  3. ↑ Sawers, Paul (17 June 2015). "You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of English Wikipedia for $500,000". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Wikipedia, Volume 0873, Arturo O'Farrill Jr. --- Art Deco, Publisher Michael Mandiberg, 2015, page 611450 ISBN 9781329244580
  5. 1 2 Schuessler, Jennifer (16 June 2015). "Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  6. ↑ Duvernay, Jennifer (2016). "In the Stacks: Print Wikipedia". Archived from the original on 22 February 2017.
  7. ↑ O’Donnell, Jim (12 March 2016). "Michael Mandiberg's Print Wikipedia at Arizona State University". Denny Gallery. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023.
  8. ↑ Mandiberg, Michael (March 2016). "Print Wikipedia". mandiberg.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023.
  9. ↑ "BBC World Service - World Update, Why print copies of Wikipedia?". BBC. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  10. ↑ Schuessler, Jennifer (13 July 2015). "Print Wikipedia Project Reaches Final Entry". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  11. ↑ Ghorashi, Hannah (24 June 2015). "From Aaaaa! to ZZZap!: Michael Mandiberg on His Plan to Print Wikipedia". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  12. ↑ Neary, Lynn (30 March 2014). "Printing Wikipedia Would Take 1 Million Pages, But That's Sort Of The Point". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  13. ↑ Culpan, Daniel (19 June 2015). "Art exhibit proves it's impossible to print all of Wikipedia". Wired UK. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019 – via www.wired.co.uk.
  14. ↑ "Uitnodiging: Wikipedia uitgeprint in Gent - Wikimedia Belgium". be.wikimedia.org. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
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