Apostolic Journey to Iraq
Pope Francis giving a speech in the hall of the Presidential Palace, Baghdad
Date5–8 March 2021
LocationUr
Baghdad
Najaf
Qaraqosh
Erbil
Mosul
WebsiteVatican website

Pope Francis's visit to Iraq took place between 5 March and 8 March 2021. The visit was accorded on following an invitation of the Government of Iraq and the Chaldean Catholic Church. The visit was remembered as an attempt to mend bridges between the different faiths in Iraq. During this first ever journey to Iraq by a Pontifex, Pope Francis visited the cities of Ur, Baghdad, Najaf, Qaraqosh, Erbil and Mosul.[1]

Previous attempts

Pope John Paul II wanted to visit Ur, the birthplace of Abraham according to the biblical tradition within a journey through the Middle East including Israel, Jordan and Palestine but the visit was cancelled due to differences between the Government of Saddam Hussein and representatives of the Holy See[2] which caused the Iraqi to prohibit the visit.

Preparation

The visit was accorded on following an invitation of the Government of Iraq and the Chaldean Catholic Church.[3]

The preparations for the visit were nearing completion early in 2020, when he met the President of Iraq, Barham Salih, at an audience in the Vatican on 25 January of that year.[4] On the 7 December 2020, the Holy See Press Director Matteo Bruni released a statement confirming that Pope Francis would make an apostolic visit after accepting the invitation of the Republic of Iraq and the Chaldean Catholic Church to visit the Middle Eastern country of Iraq between 5–8 March 2021. It was his first apostolic visit since November 2019 as journeys were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic throughout 2020.[2] Pope Francis mentioned he would arrive as a penitent pilgrim and pray for forgiveness after a long period of interreligious conflicts during the civil war in Iraq.[5] Despite the fact that the Ambassador of the Vatican, Archbishop Misko Leskovar contracted COVID-19 and remained in self-isolation, the Pope wanted to travel to Iraq.[5] During the visit, several security measures were taken to address the COVID-19 pandemic as well as threats of terrorist attacks.[5][6] A 10,000 security personnel contingent was announced to safeguard the Pope[7][8] while the pope and the journalists accompanying him were provided with the BionTech Pfizer vaccine.[9] The visit to Ali Al-Sistani in Najaf was prepared with great care to details such as what beverages would be taken or on for how many meters Pope Francis would walk to Al Sistani home.[10] Before arrival, Francis, 20 members of his entourage, and more than 70 journalists who accompanied them were vaccinated against COVID-19.[11]

5 March 2021

Upon his arrival at the Baghdad International Airport, the pope was welcomed by the Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Khadimi.[12][1][13] Two children in traditional dresses presented flowers and a military band accompanied the prime minister.[13] Following he entered Baghdad, where his arrival was announced on billboards and the Flags of Iraq and the Vatican flying jointly side by side.[8] When he met the Iraqi president Barham Salih at the Presidential Palace in Baghdad[14] who gave him a welcome gift of a replica from a work of Mohammed Ghani Hikmat depicting the Passion of Jesus before his crucifixion.[15] He then addressed the Iraqi population through a televised speech acknowledging the importance of Iraq as a cradle of civilizations.[5][16]

6 March 2021

On the 6 March 2021 he visited Najaf, where he met the Shia cleric and Grand Ayatollah Ali Al Sistani.[17] The meeting was televised by the Iraqi state TV[1] and took place in the home of Al Sistani nearby the Imam Ali Shrine.[18] They released a joint statement against religious extremism. On the same day he visited Ur, which according to the Bible is the birthplace of Abraham, whom Jews, Muslims and Christians consider is their religious father.[17] In the evening he returned to Baghdad where he held a mass in the Church of St.Joseph.[19] It was the first time, that Pope Francis delivered a liturgy according to the eastern rite.[19]

7 March 2021

Pope Francis in Mosul on the 7 March 2021

On the 7 March 2021 he visited the demolished Syriac Catholic Church of Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh.[20][17] At Mosul's Church Square,[21] which is surrounded by churches of four different christian faiths, the Syrian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, the Chaldean and Armenian Orthodox,[22] he held a mass and prayed for the fraternity between the different religions in Iraq.[22] The location of the gathering was decorated by two symbolic christian crosses. One was crafted with the wood from the ruined churches in Bakhdida/Qaraqosh.[21] The other one was made by Omar Qais, an Iraqi artist from Mosul.[21] The Pope brought back to Iraq a 500-year old Aramean prayer book from the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh, which was brought to Italy after ISIL captured the city. The book was restored under the auspices of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage in Italy.[23] The same day, he also visited the Kurdistan Region, where he arrived at the Erbil International Airport and received by the politicians Nechirvan Barzani, Masoud Barzani, Masrour Barzani and Qubad Talabani.[24] He acknowledged the safeguarding role the KRG played for the Christians during the Iraqi Civil War against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[24] In Erbil, he gave a mass in front of 10,000 participants in the Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil.[25] The attendants wore protective masks against Covid-19, and the stadium was not full as the Government adjusted the number of participants ahead of the mass.[26]

8 March 2021

On 8 March 2021, he left Iraq from Baghdad after he met with Iraqi President Barham Salih during a farewell ceremony.[27]

Influence

In Iraq, the 6 March has been declared as a "Day of Tolerance and Coexistence" by the Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi, commemorating the encounter between the Shia cleric Ali Al-Sistani and Pope Francis [28] Upon the depart of Pope Francis, Cardinal Louis Raphaël I Sako announced the pope donated the sum of $350,000 to the Iraqi people of which $250,000 were to be distributed by the Chaldean Church of Baghdad, $50,000 by the Chaldean Catholic Church in Mosul and the remainder by the Syrian Catholic Church which includes also Qaraqosh.[29] Besides the Cardinal has delivered several propositions concerning the enhancement of education, intercultural tolerance and the protection of the holy sites as described in the Iraqi Penal Code in April 2021.[30]

Controversy

To remember his visit in Kurdistan Region, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) revealed a set of six stamps which included one depicting the head of Pope Francis surrounded by a map which resembled a Greater Kurdistan which includes areas in Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq.[31][32] This led to criticism by Turkey who demanded explications for this "grave mistake"[33] and prosecuted the Kurdish MP of the Peoples Democratic Party (HDP) Berdan Öztürk for terrorist propaganda for defending the issuing of the commemorative stamp.[34] Iran also criticized the stamp, mentioning that the map depicted is contrary to international law.[35] KRG authorities responding to the criticism explained that the stamps did not yet count with the authorization to be printed.[36][37]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Westcott, Ben; Kottasová, Ivana (6 March 2021). "Pope Francis condemns extremism as 'betrayal of religion'". CNN. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  2. 1 2 Pullella, Philip (2020-12-07). "Pope Francis to make risky trip to Iraq in early March". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  3. ↑ Rubin, Trudy (12 March 2021). "The significance of Pope Francis meeting Ayatollah Sistani". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  4. ↑ "Pope Francis to visit Iraq, first Apostolic Journey in 15 months". Vatican News. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Castelfranco, Sabina (5 March 2021). "Pope Francis Lands in Baghdad, Marking First-ever Papal Visit to Iraq". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  6. ↑ Qiblawi, Tamara; Gallaghar, Delia; Najm, Aqeel (5 March 2021). "Pope Francis touches down in Baghdad, hoping to boost an ancient Christian church and a war-torn country". CNN. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  7. ↑ Pulella, Philip (3 March 2021). "Pope says he must go to Iraq because people cannot be let down". Swissinfo. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  8. 1 2 Lowen, Mark (2021-03-05). "Pope Francis on Iraq visit calls for end to violence and extremism". BBC News. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  9. ↑ Pope Francis arrives in Iraq amid security fears, Deutsche Welle, 5 March 2021, retrieved 2021-10-28
  10. ↑ Abdul-Zahra, Qasim; Kullab, Samya (3 March 2021). "Intense preparations before pontiff meets Iraqi ayatollah". The Associated Press. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  11. ↑ Winfield, Nicole (2 Mar 2021). "Vatican defends pope's Iraq trip amid virus as 'act of love'". The Associated Press. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  12. ↑ "Al-Kadhimi receives the Pope at Baghdad airport". Iraqi News Agency. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  13. 1 2 Bentson, Clark (5 March 2021). "Pope Francis brings message of unity and tolerance to Iraq". ABC News. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  14. ↑ "Pope welcomed in Iraq as 'pilgrim of peace' with message of hope to Christians |". The Arab Weekly. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  15. ↑ Pope Francis arrives in Iraq amid security fears | DW | 05.03.2021, Deutsche Welle, 5 March 2021, retrieved 2021-10-28
  16. ↑ "Video message of the Holy Father on the occasion of his upcoming Apostolic Journey to Iraq [5-8 March 2021]". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  17. 1 2 3 "Pope calls on Christians of Qaraqosh, city ravaged by IS fighters, to 'forgive'". France 24. 2021-03-07. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  18. ↑ "Pope Francis meets Iraq's top Shiite cleric al-Sistani". Deutsche Welle. 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  19. 1 2 "Pope Francis holds first ever papal Mass in Baghdad". Deutsche Welle. 2021-06-03. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  20. ↑ "Pope Francis to visit Iraq church damaged by IS militants". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  21. 1 2 3 Aldroubi, Mina (2021-03-07). "Mosul's Church Square decorated with two symbolic crosses to welcome Pope Francis". The National. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  22. 1 2 Winfield, Nicole; Kullab, Samya. "Amid Mosul church ruins, Pope laments 'barbarous blow' of extremism in Iraq". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  23. ↑ Mahmoud, Sinan (2021-03-04). "Pope Francis to return rare 500-year-old 'refugee' Christian prayer book to Iraq". The National. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  24. 1 2 Hawramy, Fazel (7 March 2021). "Pope Francis thanks President Barzani for protecting Christians during ISIS war". Rudaw. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  25. ↑ Yeranian, Edward (7 March 2021). "Pope Francis Celebrates Mass Before 10,000 in Iraqi Kurdish Capital, Irbil". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  26. ↑ "In Erbil, thousands attend largest mass of Pope's historic trip to Iraq". France 24. 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  27. ↑ "Pope Francis Leaves Iraq After 4-Day Visit | Voice of America - English". Voice of America. 8 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  28. ↑ "Iraq declares 6 March "National Day of Tolerance and Coexistence" - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  29. ↑ "ASIA/IRAQ - Chaldean Patriarch Sako reveals: the Pope has donated 350 thousand dollars for the poor Iraqis - Agenzia Fides". Agenzia Fides. 31 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-31. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  30. ↑ Rocchi, Daniele (6 April 2021). "Pope in Iraq. Card. Sako: "The time has come for religion-State separation". Four concrete proposals". Agensir. Archived from the original on 2021-04-07.
  31. ↑ Jangiz, Khazan (10 March 2021). "Turkey slams KRG over stamps commemorating pope visit". www.rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  32. ↑ "Turkey slams Iraqi Kurdistan over stamp marking Pope's visit". www.duvarenglish.com. 2021-10-03. Archived from the original on 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  33. ↑ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  34. ↑ "HDP'li Berdan Öztürk hakkında 'Kürdistan' soruşturması". www.gazeteduvar.com (in Turkish). 2021-03-14. Archived from the original on 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  35. ↑ "Iran FM spox: Publication of stamps by KRG against international law, principles". IRNA English. 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  36. ↑ Zaman, Amberin (10 March 2021). "Kurdish stamp commemorating pope's visit to Erbil fans Turkish conspiracy fears". Al Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East. Archived from the original on 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  37. ↑ "Iraq: KRG tries to clarify stamp slammed by Turkey". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
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