Chris Fox’s Dark Lord Bert, an example of a pop culture fiction.
Pop culture fiction is a genre of fiction where stories are written intentionally to be filled with references from other works and media. Stories in this genre are focused solely on using popular culture references.[1][2][3]
Criteria
Some works in the genre use pop culture references to elicit nostalgia among its consumers, while other examples have the whole setting and universe themselves built upon and revolves around pop cultural references[4] (sometimes even relying on well-known and/or obscure pop culture references as humor as in the case of the cult TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000).[1][5][6][7][8] Pop culture fiction doesn't just reference one or two titles, but works under this genre reference several titles across different genres and media.[9]
Many types of postmodern works and modern-day homage, metafiction, satires and parodies fall under this category.[1] But unlike more typically comedic satires and parodies, pop culture fiction contains depth and serious themes, with many even garnering critical acclaim.[9] Many stories inspired by games and geek culture have also been examples.[10] According to author Gary Westfahl, works under this genre demand an "aura of immaturity, of incompleteness, while projecting no pretenses."[11]
This genre should not be confused with Pop culture non-fiction, which are researches, encyclopedias, and other academic works focused on the study and analysis of pop culture, rather than stories centered around pop culture references.[12][13]
Examples
Notable pop culture fiction books
- One of the oldest and longest-running example is Anno Dracula by Kim Newman, which takes place in an alternate history where Count Dracula became the King of Great Britain. Over the years, the series began to incorporate or reference famous fictional characters from Spider-Man to Scooby Doo.[9]
- Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho (both the book and film) became one of the earliest examples of this genre with its endless use of brands and criticism on business and mindless consumerism.[2]
- Ernest Cline's Ready Player One and Ready Player Two which extensively use 1980s pop culture as its themes.[1][5][6][14]
- Louis Bulaong's Escapist Dream and its sequel Otaku Girl are novels that genre-busts popular geek culture and topics into one virtual reality story.[1][15]
- Chris Fox's The Dark Lord Bert is a Dungeons & Dragons-inspired gamelit filled with pop culture references.[10]
- Roald Dahl's Revolting Rhymes and Rhyme Stew are pastiches on famous fairy tales, written in rhyme.
- Gideon the Ninth by Tansyn Muir is a science fantasy book that had references taken from popular internet memes and quotes.[9]
- Fangirl by Rainbow Rowell is a coming-of-age novel featuring the relationships of the Avery siblings, two individuals who are writers and fans of fantasy books. The book is known for its use of references from the fantasy genre, such as bookending chapters with the titles of many famous fantasy series.[16]
List of pop culture fiction authors
- Bret Easton Ellis
- Chris Fox
- Ernest Cline
- Louis Bulaong
Notable pop culture fiction films
- Jean-Luc Godard's Band of Outsiders (1964) was influenced by Golden Age B-movie film noirs and Westerns[14]
- Blazing Saddles (1974)[17]
- Phantom of the Paradise (1974)[14]
- Young Frankenstein (1974)[18]
- Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) satirizing epic cinema[19]
- Coonskin (1975) is a blaxploitation film parody, satirizing stereotypes of African-Americans, the majority found in Hollywood movies. [20]
- Life of Brian (1979) satirized Biblical epic cinema[19]
- Airplane! (1980)[17]
- Spaceballs (1987)[18]
- I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988) is a parody and pastiche on blaxploitation films. [21]
- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), a homage to the Golden Age of American Animation, referencing specific situations typical for classic Hollywood cartoons and featuring cameos of dozens of famous cartoon characters, all officially licensed. [22]
- Army of Darkness (1992)[14]
- True Romance (1993)[17]
- Clerks (1994)[23]
- Pulp Fiction (1994), the critically beloved Cannes-winning multi-genre film that from drew numerous aspects of popular culture. Tarantino describe this film as taking tired old clichés from pulp stories and giving them a new twist. [24][14]
- Scream (1996)[17]
- Swingers (1996)[17][25]
- Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999), the hip-hop gangster film infusing Japanese warrior culture with influences of filmmakers Jean-Pierre Melville and Seijun Suzuki.[17]
- Galaxy Quest (1999)[26]
- Scary Movie series (2000-2013)[17]
- The Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy (2004-2013)[14]
- Ted (2012)[27]
- The Editor (2014)[17]
- Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)[17]
- The aforementioned American Psycho (2000) and Ready Player One (2018)
- Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021)[28]
- Free Guy (2021)[9]
- Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (2022), a live-action film adaptation of the Disney Afternoon series of the same name taking place over 3 decades after the show ended.[29]
- Once Upon a Studio (2023)[30][31][32]
- Wish (2023)[33]
- Animated franchises, such as Spider-Verse (2018-present),[34] Wreck-It Ralph (2012-2018), Hotel Transylvania (2012-2022), Shrek (2001-present), The Lego Movie (2014-present) and Toy Story (1995-present)[17]
List of pop culture fiction filmmakers
List of pop culture fiction in comic format
- In the 1920s, Louis Biedermann made several crossover illustrations and comics featuring famous newspaper comic characters together.[37]
- In the 1930s and 1940s, Tijuana Bibles were pornographic parodies featuring famous comic book characters and Hollywood stars.
- During World War II, Horst Rosenthal, a Nazi POW camp inmate drew a Mickey Mouse comic, Mickey au Camp de Gurs, about Mickey visiting the very camp Rosenthal was imprisoned in. [38]
- Within Al Capp's Li'l Abner, the Dick Tracy parody Fearless Fosdick spoofed tropes and clichés of action-packed detective comics. [39]
- Harvey Kurtzman wrote very thorough parodies of famous comics, novels, films and TV series in Mad Magazine, often complete with cameos from well-known characters from these media. He not only targeted clichés, but also the shallow writing and marketing strategies behind these media. His satire became the magazine's house style, even after he retired as chief editor. [40]
- Harvey Kurtzman and Will Elder's Goodman Beaver and Little Annie Fanny used twisted versions of Archie Comics and Little Annie Rooney/Little Orphan Annie, to spoof various pop culture phenomena. [41]
- Mort Walker and Jerry Dumas' Sam's Strip was a short-lived comic strip about two characters trying to run a newspaper comic. The series featured several cameos of famous U.S. newspaper comic characters. [42]
- Marcel Gotlib's Les Dingodossiers and Rubrique-à-Brac parodied educational comics, complete with parodies of popular fairy tales, novels, films, comics and TV shows. [43]
- Gaston Durnez and Eduard De Rop made De Geschiedenis van Sleenovia (1965), a collage comic which was a homage/pastiche to Marc Sleen's The Adventures of Nero. [44]
- Robert Crumb's underground comix magazine Zap Comix (1968) is a pastiche of traditional family friendly comic books, but with mature content. [45] Later in his career, he also made other one-shot parodies of specific comic series, sometimes drawn in their distinctive graphic style.
- Alexis and Marcel Gotlib's Cinémastock spoofed several films, TV series and comics. [46]
- In the final issue of Bijou Funnies, the contributing comic artists each parodied one of their own underground comix series. [47]
- Milo Manara's Giuseppe Bergman is a twist on the typical "adventure story", with a protagonist wondering what he's doing in most of his own narratives. [48]
- French comic artist Roger Brunel made several pornographic parody comics since 1978, titled Pastiches, featuring spoofs of famous Franco-Belgian, American and Japanese comic series. In two albums, he brought dozens of characters together into longer narratives, also spoofing clichés of the medium. [49]
- Willy Linthout made De Zeven van Zeveneken (1982), a pastiche of Marc Sleen's The Adventures of Nero, with official permission of Sleen. Linthout also made Kuifje en de Vervalsers (1982), a comic book spoofing the copyright trial against the The Adventures of Tintin sex parody Tintin in Switzerland. [50]
- In De Kiekeboes story Album 26, author Merho parodies several comic book clichés. He spoofed classic Flemish family comics in the story Vrouwen Komen Van Mars. [51][52]
- Gary Larson's gag cartoon series The Far Side often features parodies of famous fairy tales, novels, films, cartoons, comics, TV shows, put into a strange context.
- Scott Pilgrim which used various 1980s gaming references.[1]
- Warren Ellis's Planetary.[1]
- Outside of Western media, works such as Hayate The Combat Butler and Gin Tama have also become famous examples.[1]
- Gary Panter's Jimbo in Paradise, Jimbo in Purgatory, Jimbo's Inferno and Songy of Paradise are graphic novels inspired by The Divine Comedy and Paradise Lost, referencing various films, musical records and pop culture characters & celebrities in the narratives. [53]
- Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' Watchmen is a superhero story which dismantles the naïvité and innocence of superhero comics, giving it a more mature and philosophical spin.[54]
- Art Spiegelman's In the Shadow of No Towers (2004) reflects on Spiegelman's personal experiences during and in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Since classic newspaper comics were the only thing to offer him escapism, he gives these characters cameos in his narrative, providing satirical commentary. [55]
- Anton Kannemeyer's Pappa in Afrika (2010) is a satirical parody of Tintin in Africa. [56]
- Belgian comic artist Tom Bouden made the comic book Paniek in Stripland (2008), which spoofs typical comic book clichés and features cameos from dozens of famous and more obscure Belgian comic book characters. [57] His follow-up Op Het Spoor van Pom (2011) is a pastiche of Pom's Piet Pienter en Bert Bibber, made with permission by Pom himself.
List of pop culture fiction in television
- Animaniacs[58]
- Arrested Development[59]
- Community[60]
- Family Guy[61]
- Futurama[62]
- The aforementioned Mystery Science Theater 3000[8]
- Rick and Morty[63]
- Saturday Morning All Star Hits![64][65]
- Seinfeld[66]
- The Simpsons[67]
- South Park[68]
- Stranger Things[69]
- WandaVision[70]
See also
External links
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kidd, Dustin. Pop Culture Freaks: Identity, Mass Media, and Society. Routledge; 2nd Edition (Updated: August 2020). pp. 143–145. ISBN 978-0813350875. Excerpt
- 1 2 Pickard, Kevin (January 19, 2016). "Should Fiction Be Timeless? Pop Culture References in Contemporary Novels". Electric Lit. January 19, 2016
- ↑ Editorial. "Popular Culture in Literature". Enotes. May 5, 2015
- ↑ IN DEFENSE OF POP CULTURE REFERENCES IN BOOKS - BOOK RIOT
- 1 2 Alexander, Jonathan. The Uses and Abuses of Pop Culture in Ready Player One and Grandmother's Gold (July 7, 2020)
- 1 2 Martin, Emily (April 3, 2018). "CAN'T GET ENOUGH RP1? TRY THESE 25 BOOKS LIKE READY PLAYER ONE". Book Riot. April 3, 2018
- ↑ Jubas, Kaela (March 16, 2015). "Profs explore what pop culture fiction teaches us about health care". University of Calgary. March 24, 2017
- 1 2 Returning 'Mystery Science Theater 3000' was a pre-Internet web series - Austin American-Statesman
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mountain, John (August 23, 2023). "The 5 Best Pop Culture Fiction". Substack. August 23, 2023
- 1 2 Almond, John (July 8, 2021). "The Dark Lord Bert: A Quirky Video Game Literature". Gonevis. July 8, 2021
- ↑ Westfahl, Gary. Science Fiction, Children's Literature, and Popular Culture: Coming of Age in Fantasyland. Praeger; 1st Edition (April 30, 2000). pp. xi–xii. ISBN 978-0313308475
- ↑ Malatesta, Mark (February 10, 2019). "Pop Culture Definition – Complete List of Book Genres". Book Genre. February 10, 2019
- ↑ What is “Pop Culture Narrative Nonfiction”?
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The 10 Best Movies That Are Full of Pop Culture References - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
- ↑ Hannigan, Carl. "Otaku Girl (Book Review): Where Memes and Literature Mix". Voice Media Group. July 1, 2021
- ↑ Zutter, Natalie (July 23, 2022). "The Best Sci-fi and Fantasy Books About Pop Culture Fandom". Den of Geek. August 23, 2023
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The 10 Best Movies That Are Full of Pop Culture References - Taste of Cinema
- 1 2 3 10 Mel Brooks Jokes Modern Audiences Wouldn't Understand
- 1 2 How 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail' Influenced Film By Satirizing It - The Atlantic
- ↑ "Ralph Bakshi". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ https://www.allmovie.com/movie/im-gonna-git-you-sucka-vm451660
- ↑ Drawn That Way: 10 Behind The Scenes Facts About Who Framed Roger Rabbit - CBR
- 1 2 Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant
- ↑ Pulp Fiction at 20: How a phenomenon was born - BBC Culture
- ↑ Double Down: Jon Favreau and Vince Vaughn Take Another Swing With 'Made' - Screens - The Austin Chronicle
- ↑ Hoffman, Jordan (July 23, 2014). "'Galaxy Quest': The Oral History". MTV.com. MTV Networks (Viacom International Inc.). Retrieved March 11, 2015.
- ↑ Ted movie review & film summary (2012)|Roger Ebert
- ↑ Every Piece of IP That Appears in Space Jam: A New Legacy|GQ
- ↑ Price, Joe (May 20, 2022). "Listen to Post Malone's Theme Song for New 'Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers' Movie". Complex Networks. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
- ↑ Mccall, Kevin (September 21, 2023). "'Once Upon a Studio' Trailer Celebrates 100 Years of Disney Magic". Collider. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
- ↑ Steele, Bruce C. (October 10, 2023). "Meet the Characters of Disney Animation's Once Upon a Studio". D23. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
- ↑ Croll, Ben (June 11, 2023). "Annecy Opens on Note of Artistic Defiance as Disney Premieres Centenary Short Once Upon a Studio". Variety. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023.
- ↑ Polowy, Kevin (November 15, 2023). "As Disney turns 100, 'Wish' filmmakers stacked new animated movie with more than 100 Easter eggs". Yahoo. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
- ↑ SPIDER-MAN: INTO THE SPIDER-VERSE EASTER EGGS AND FUN FACTS|Rotten Tomatoes
- ↑ Edgar Wright: "I am a film school reject. Twice!"|Features|Roger Ebert
- ↑ Askew Facts About The Films Of Kevin Smith|Fascinate
- ↑ "Louis Biedermann". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Horst Rosenthal". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Al Capp". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Richard Pakker". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Richard Pakker". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Jerry Dumas". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Marcel Gotlib". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Eduard De Rop". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Robert Crumb". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Marcel Gotlib". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Jay Lynch". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Milo Manara". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Roger Brunel". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Willy Linthout". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Merho". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Kristof Fagard". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Gary Panter". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Alan Moore". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Art Spiegelman". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Anton Kannemeyer". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ "Tom Bouden". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ↑ Animaniacs: 10 Funniest References You Didn't Get As A Kid - Screen Rant
- ↑ The 20 Most Obscure ‘Arrested Development’ Pop Culture References - UPROXX
- ↑ 10 Best Pop Culture References In 'Community' - Collider
- ↑ Family Guy "Something, Something, Something Anniversary" Giveaway|WIRED
- ↑ The Sci-Fi References We'd Love To See In Futurama's Return - Game Rant
- ↑ All the Rick and Morty Easter Eggs You Missed in Seasons One and Two|TIME
- ↑ Keller, Joel (December 10, 2021). "Stream It Or Skip It: 'Saturday Morning All-Star Hits!' On Netflix, Kyle Mooney's Twisted Tribute To Kids Show Lineups Of The '80s And '90s". Decider. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
- ↑ The Obsessive Brilliance of Saturday Morning All Star Hits! – Nathan Rabin's Happy Place
- ↑ Seinfeld: 10 Pop Culture References New Fans Won't Understand - Screen Rant
- ↑ The Simpsons: 10 Old Pop Culture References That Still Aged Perfectly - Screen Rant
- ↑ The Philosophy of ‘South Park’ References - Tastefully Offensive
- ↑ Stranger Things 4's Most Significant '80s References - Vulture
- ↑ All the WandaVision Easter eggs you may have missed, from sitcom references to comics callbacks|EW.com
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