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The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi-party system. The largest by members and parliament seats are the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) and Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Germany also has a number of other parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded in 2013. The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and from 2013 to 2021, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called grand coalition.^[1]

Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislatures are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple (officially red, which is customarily used for the SPD) for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.^[2][3]

Current parties

Party membership in Germany (since 1945; East German parties joined in 1990)

Parties represented in the Bundestag and/or the European Parliament

Party			Abbr.	Leader(s)	Ideology	Political position	MdBs	MEPs	EP group	Membership
		Social Democratic Party of Germany Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands	SPD	Lars Klingbeil, Saskia Esken	Social democracy Pro-Europeanism	Centre-left	206 / 736	16 / 96	S&D	379,861
		Christian Democratic Union of Germany Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands	CDU	Friedrich Merz	Christian democracy Liberal conservatism Pro-Europeanism	Centre-right	152 / 736	23 / 96	EPP	371,986
		Christian Social Union in Bavaria Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern	CSU	Markus Söder	Christian democracy Conservatism Bavarian regionalism	Centre-right to right-wing	45 / 736	6 / 96	EPP	132,000
		Alliance 90/The Greens Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	GRÜNE	Ricarda Lang, Omid Nouripour	Green politics Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism	Centre-left	118 / 736	21 / 96	Greens/EFA	126,451
		Free Democratic Party Freie Demokratische Partei	FDP	Christian Lindner	Liberalism Classical liberalism Conservative liberalism Pro-Europeanism	Centre-right	92 / 736	5 / 96	RE	73,000
		Alternative for Germany Alternative für Deutschland	AfD	Tino Chrupalla, Alice Weidel	Right-wing populism National conservatism German nationalism Euroscepticism	Far-right[lower-alpha 1]	80 / 736	9 / 96	ID	34,000
		The Left Die Linke	LINKE	Martin Schirdewan, Janine Wissler	Democratic socialism Left-wing populism	Left-wing	38 / 736	4 / 96	GUE/NGL	54,214
		Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht[lower-alpha 2] BSW	BSW	Sahra Wagenknecht, Amira Mohamed Ali	Left-wing populism	Left-wing[lower-alpha 3]	10 / 736	0 / 96	-
		South Schleswig Voters' Association Südschleswigscher Wählerverband	SSW	Christian Dirschauer	Social liberalism Regionalism Danish minority interests Frisian minority interests	Centre-left	1 / 736	0 / 96	Greens/EFA	3,216
		Free Voters Freie Wähler	FW	Hubert Aiwanger	Liberal conservatism Regionalism Soft Euroscepticism[4]	Centre-right	0 / 736	2 / 96	RE	6,225
		Die PARTEI Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative	Die PARTEI	Martin Sonneborn	Political satire Humanism Anti-fascism Environmentalism Pro-Europeanism	Left-wing	0 / 736	1 / 96	-	51,078
		Ecological Democratic Party Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei	ÖDP	Christian Rechholz	Green conservatism	Centre-right	0 / 736	1 / 96	Greens/EFA	8,035
		Pirate Party Germany Piratenpartei Deutschland	PIRATEN	Anne Herpertz	Pirate politics E-democracy Direct democracy Social liberalism European federalism	Centre-left	0 / 736	1 / 96	Greens/EFA	5,541
		Volt Germany Volt Deutschland	Volt	Connor Geiger Rebekka Müller	Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism European federalism	Centre-left	0 / 736	1 / 96	Greens/EFA	4,000
		Alliance Germany Bündnis Deutschland	BD	Steffen Große	Conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	0 / 736	1 / 96	ECR	1,000
		Family Party of Germany Familien-Partei Deutschlands	Familie	Helmut Geuking	Conservatism Familialism Social conservatism Christian democracy	Centre-right to right-wing	0 / 736	1 / 96	EPP	705

1. ↑ A right-wing party originally starting as a centre-right alternative to the CDU/CSU, since 2015 it is considered to be part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.
2. ↑ BSW members sat in The Left's faction before its dissolution on 6 December 2023. Currently, BSW members sit as independents pending the Bundestag's approval of the formation of a separate BSW parliamentary group.
3. ↑ BSW has been variously described as left-wing, far-left, and left-conservative; the latter label is due to its more right-wing stance on socio-cultural issues.

Regional parties represented in only one state parliament

Name			Abbr.	Leader(s)	Ideology	Political position	MdLs	State
		Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters Brandenburger Vereinigte Bürgerbewegungen / Freie Wähler	BVB/FW	Péter Vida	Regionalism		5 / 88	Brandenburg
		South Schleswig Voters' Association Südschleswigscher Wählerverband	SSW	Christian Dirschauer	Social liberalism Regionalism Danish minority interests Frisian minority interests	Centre-left	4 / 69	Schleswig-Holstein
		Citizens for ThuringiaBürger für Thüringen Bürger für Thüringen	BfTh	Ute Bergner	Right-wing populism	Right-wing	2 / 90	Thuringia

Minor parties

Name			Abbr.	Leader(s)	Ideology	Political position	EP group	Membership
		Action Citizen for Justice Aktion Bürger für Gerechtigkeit	AGB	Alfred Dorn	Direct democracy Social democracy Alternative medicine
		Action Party for Animal WelfareAktion Partei für Tierschutz Aktion Partei für Tierschutz	Tierschutz hier!	Thomas Schwarz	Animal rights Animal welfare	Single-issue		50
		Association for Freedom and Humanity BUND FÜR FREIHEIT UND HUMANITÄT		Anton Stucki	Liberalism			40[5]
		Alliance C – Christians for Germany Bündnis C – Christen für Deutschland	Bündnis C	Karin Heepen & Ole Steffes	Conservatism Christian fundamentalism	Right-wing	ECPM	1,078
		Alliance for Innovation and Justice Bündnis für Innovation und Gerechtigkeit	BIG	Haluk Yildiz	Political Islam			2,000
		Alliance for Human Rights, Animal- and Nature Protection Allianz für Menschenrechte, Tier- und Naturschutz	Tierschutzallianz	Josef Fassl	Animal rights	Single-issue		97
		Alliance of German Democrats Allianz Deutscher Demokraten	AD-Demokraten	Ramazan Akbaş	Conservatism Political Islam			2,500
		AlphaHHP AlphaHHP - gesundheitspolitische Partei für Deutschland in Europa	AlphaHHP		Anti-vaccination
		Anarchist Pogo Party of Germany Anarchistische Pogo-Partei Deutschlands	APPD	Peter Vehreschild	Satire	Apoliticism		2,512
		Arminius – Association of the German People Arminius – Bund des deutschen Volkes	Arminius – Bund	Johann Thießen	Russia German interests German nationalism Neo-nazism	Far-right		40
		Basic Income Alliance Bündnis Grundeinkommen	BGE	Martin Sonnabend	Universal basic income	Single-issue		271
		Basic Income for AllGrundeinkommen für Alle Grundeinkommen für Alle	GFA	Uwe Bjorck	Universal basic income	Single-issue		21
		Bavaria Party Bayernpartei	BP	Florian Weber	Autonomism Bavarian nationalism Regionalism Conservatism	Centre-right	EFA	3,926
		Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei" Bergpartei, die Überpartei	B*	Rico Tscharntke	Post-left anarchy Dadaism	Far-left		229
		German Centre Party Deutsche Zentrumspartei	ZENTRUM	Christian Otte	Christian democracy Conservatism Social conservatism	Centre-right		300
		Climate List Germany Klimaliste Deutschland	KL	Fabian Aisenbrey, Doris Vollmer	Climate change mitigation
		Citizen for Germany Bürger für Deutschland	BfD		Direct democracy
		Citizen for Progress and Change Bürger für Fortschritt und Wandel	BFW	Uwe Hück	Progressivism	Centre-left		170
		Civic and economic-ecological Union Bürgerliche und wirtschaftsökologische Union	BWUnion		Liberalism Nationalism
		Civil Rights Movement Solidarity Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität	BüSo	Helga Zepp-LaRouche	LaRouche movement	Syncretic		556
		Communist Party of Germany Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands	KPD	Torsten Schöwitz	Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Stalinism	Far-left		165
		Democratic Union of Germany Demokratische Vereinigung Deutschland	DVD	Werner Krüger	Reformism Direct democracy Universal basic income
		Democratic Liberal LEAGUE Demokratisch Liberale LIGA	LIGA	Thomas H. Stütz	Conservatism	Centre-right
		Democracy DIRECT! Demokratie DIREKT!	DIE DIREKTE!	Christian Rombeck	Direct democracy			34
		Democracy in Motion Demokratie in Bewegung	DiB	Julia Beerhold, Alexander Plitsch	Democratic socialism	Left-wing		224
		Democratic Left Demokratische Linke	DL	Eckehart Ehrenberg	Democratic socialism	Left-wing		43
		Ecological LeftÖkologische Linke Ökologische Linke	ÖkoLinX		Grassroots democracy Eco-socialism Anti-fascism	Left-wing to far-left		350
		Ecological-Left Liberal Democratic Party Ökolinksliberale Demokratische Partei	ÖLDP	Bérangère Bultheel	Social democracy Social liberalism European Federalism	Centre-left		70
		Educate Berlin! Bildet Berlin!	Bildet Berlin!	Florian Bublys, Tamara Adamzik	Education reform	Single-issue		50
		European Party LoveEuropäische Partei Liebe Europäische Partei Liebe	LIEBE		European federalism Subsidized marriage			53
		Feminist Party The Women Feministische Partei Die Frauen	DIE FRAUEN	Renate Schmidtsdorff-Aicher	Feminism			400
		Free Citizens' Union Freie Bürger Union	FBU	Walter Pfleiderer	National liberalism Conservatism Nationalism	Right-wing
		Free Citizen Central Germany Freie Bürger Mitteldeutschland	FBM		Regionalism			35
		Free Horizon Freier Horizont	FREiER HORIZONT	Norbert Schumacher	Anti-Wind turbine	Single-issue
		Free Parliamentary Alliance Freiparlamentarische Allianz Freiparlamentarische Allianz	FPA	Luca Piwodda	Participatory democracy			200
		Free Saxons Freie Sachsen	FS	Martin Kohiman	Saxon monarchism Regionalism	Right-wing to Far-right		1,200
		From Now on... Democracy Through Referendum Ab jetzt…Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung Ab jetzt … Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung	Volksabstimmung	Helmut Fleck	Direct Democracy Nationalism	Right-wing		350
		Future. Zukunft.	Z.	Lasse Lorenzen	Regionalism			112
		future! future! future!	future!	Stephan Bublitz	Youth interests
		Garden PartyGartenpartei Gartenpartei	Gartenpartei	Roland Zander	Pro-Allotment Environmentalism			349
		German Centre Deutsche Mitte	DM	Sven Hüther	Right-wing populism Anti-vaccination	Right-wing		500
		German Conservatives Deutsche Konservative	Deutsche Konservative	Dieter Jochim	Conservatism National conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing		380
		German Communist Party Deutsche Kommunistische Partei	DKP	Patrik Köbele	Communism Marxism–Leninism	Far-left		2,850
		German Party – The Liberals Deutsche Partei – Die Freiheitlichen	DP	Gerd-Uwe Dahlmann	National conservatism German nationalism Right-wing populism	Right-wing		250
		German Protestant League Deutsche Protestantische Liga	DEUPROLIGA		Christian democracy Globalism
		German Sports Party Deutsche Sportpartei	DSP	Michael Möller	Grassroots democracy Sport for social development Anti-Doping
		German Social Union Deutsche Soziale Union	DSU	Roberto Rink	National conservatism Social conservatism	Right-wing		1,060
		Germans Originating from all of Germany (Autochthons) Aus Gesamtdeutschland stammende Deutsche (Autochthone)	AGsD	Horst Zaborowski	Nationalism Irredentism Direct democracy
		Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany Basisdemokratische Partei Deutschland	dieBasis	Reiner Fuellmich, Viviane Fischer	Grassroots democracy Anti-lockdown Anti-vaccination	Far-right		24,000
		Human Economy Party Humanwirtschaftspartei	HUMANWIRTSCHAFT	Dieter Müller	Freiwirtschaft
		Party Human Environment Animal protection Partei Mensch Umwelt Tierschutz	Tierschutzpartei	Aida Spiegeler Castaneda Marcel Krohn Robert Gabel	Animal rights Environmentalism		APEU	2,400
		Human world - for the well-being and happiness of all Menschliche Welt – für das Wohl und Glücklichsein aller	MENSCHLICHE WELT	Michael Moritz	Progressive utilization theory Anti-vaccination Pacifism			669
		INDEPENDENTS for citizen-friendly democracy UNABHÄNGIGE für bürgernahe Demokratie	UNABHÄNGIGE	Werner Fischer	Independent politics Direct democracy			86
		Liberal Democrats – The Social Liberals Liberale Demokraten – Die Sozialliberalen	LD	Bernd Grothkopp	Social liberalism			100
		Lobbyists for Children Lobbyisten für Kinder	LfK	Johanna Nelkner, Fabio Libonati	Children's rights			100
		Lusatian Alliance Lausitzer Allianz / Łužiska Alianca / Łužyska Alianca		Hannes Wilhelm-Kell	Regionalism Progressivism Ethnic minority interests			90
		Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands	MLPD	Gabi Fechtner	Marxism–Leninism Communism	Far-left		2,800
		Mindful Democrats Achtsame Demokraten	Die Achtsamen
		Modern Social Party Moderne Soziale Partei	MSP
		mut mut	mut	Claudia Stamm	Social liberalism	Centre-left		400
		MERA25 MERA25		Julijana Zita	Progressivism Green New Deal European federalism Direct democracy		DiEM25
		neo. Wellbeing for all neo. Wohlstand für alle	neo.	Jörg Gastmann	Economic Balance System Universal basic income Grassroots democracy
		New Strength Party Neue Stärke Partei	NSP	Sara Storch, Christoph Thews	Neo-Nazism	Far-right
		One for all - Party Eine für Alle - Partei	Eine für Alle		Grassroots democracy			13
		Party for Franconia Partei für Franken	DIE FRANKEN	Robert Gattenlöhner	Regionalism			237
		Party for Biomedical Rejuvenation Research Partei für schulmedizinische Verjüngungsforschung	Verjüngungsforschung	Felix Werth	Single-issue politics	Single-issue		289
		Party of Humanists Partei der Humanisten	PdH	Lasse Schäfer	Humanism Secularism Civil libertarianism Social liberalism			2,300
		Party of Progress Partei des Fortschritts	PdF		Grassroots democracy			220
		Party of Reason Partei der Vernunft	PDV	Friedrich Dominicus	Right-libertarianism Euroscepticism	Right-wing	EPIL	352
		PETO PETO	PETO	Lydia Hannawald	Youth interests			400
		Renters Party Mieterpartei	MIETERPARTEI	Anke Hahn, Hartmut Bräunlich	Anti-high rent	Centre-left		50
		SGV – Solidarity, Equity, Change SGV – Solidarität, Gerechtigkeit, Veränderung	SGV		Anti-corruption
		Socialist Equality Party Sozialistische Gleichheitspartei	SGP	Ulrich Rippert	Trotskyism	Far-left		276
		Standing up socially just intelligent party Aufstehen sozial gerechte intelligente Partei	Aufstehenpartei	Paul Weiler	Left-wing populism	Centre-left to Left-wing
		Statt Party Statt Partei	STATT	Robert W. Hugo	Populism			200
		The Justice Party – Team Todenhöfer Die Gerechtigkeitspartei – Team Todenhöfer		Jürgen Todenhöfer	Anti-militarism Populism			5,314
		The Glass clear Die Glasklar	DGK	Die Glasklar	Social democracy Populism
		The Federals DIE FÖDERALEN	DIE FÖDERALEN	Maren Zaidan	Liberalism Federalism Progressivism
		The Grays – For all Generations Die Grauen – Für alle Generationen	Die Grauen	Michael Schulz	Intergenerationality			135
		The Homeland Die Heimat	NPD	Frank Franz	Neo-Nazism Ultranationalism Pan-Germanism Anti-immigration Revanchism	Far-right	APF	3,000
		The House of Germany Das Haus Deutschland	DHD	Egbert Besler	Constitutionalism Social democracy
		The Reformers Die Reformer	REFORMER	Erich Schuster	Liberalism Pro-Europeanism
		The III. Path Der III. Weg	III. Weg	Matthias Fischer	Neo-Nazism Strasserism Ethnic nationalism German nationalism Hard Euroscepticism	Far-right		642
		The Modernity die Moderne		Martin Martens	Centrism	Centre
		The New Centre Die Neue Mitte - Zurück zur Vernunft	NM	Christoph Hörstel	Sovereignism Euroscepticism Anti-vaccination Anti-Zionism Russophilia	Right-wing
		The New Democrats Die neuen Demokraten			Security
		The Libertarians Die Libertären	DIE LIBERTÄREN	Julian Schloddarick	Libertarianism Laissez-faire Economic liberalism
		THE OTHERS DIE SONSTIGEN	sonstige		Democratic confederalism Progressivism Anti-militarism	Left-wing		171
		The Party of Sorbians die partei der sorben	PDS	Lars Krause	Political satire Sorbian Separatism Anti-militarism
		The Pink/ Alliance21 Die Pinken/Bündnis21	BÜNDNIS21		Anti-corruption			450
		The Republicans Die Republikaner	REP	Tilo Schöne	German nationalism National conservatism Euroscepticism Social conservatism	Right-wing		4,533
		The Right Die Rechte	Die RECHTE	Christian Worch	Neo-Nazism Ultranationalism Pan-Germanism Anti-immigration Historical revisionism	Far-right		550
		The Sharks – Party with bite Die Haie – Partei mit Biss	HAIE	Jan Heie Erchinger	Pragmatism	Centre
		The Peace Party Die Friedenspartei		Marie-José Velonjara	Pacifism
		The Urbans. A HipHop Party Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei	du	Niki Drakos, Raphael Hillebrand	Social justice Environmentalism			303
		The Violets Die Violetten	Die Violetten	Irene Garcia Garcia	Spiritualism Direct democracy Environmentalism			678
		Thuringian Homeland Party Thüringer Heimatpartei	THP					56
		Us Citizen Wir Bürger	LKR	Jürgen Joost	Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism Soft Euroscepticism	Centre-right to right-wing	ECR Party	1,000
		V-Partei³ – Party for Change, Vegetarians and Vegans V-Partei³ – Partei für Veränderung, Vegetarier und Veganer	V³	Roland Wegner	Animal rights Environmentalism			1,200
		Waying C Aufbruch C		Andreas Epp	Christian democracy Conservatism	Right-wing		74
		WiR2020 WiR2020	W2020	Wolfgang Romberg, Sonja Früh	Anti-vaccinationism Anti-lockdown			4,600

Historical parties

Defunct parties in the Federal Republic of Germany

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Leader(s)	Ideology	Active	Note
		50Plus The generation alliance 50Plus Das Generationen-Bündnis	50Plus	Hans Werner Müller	Right-wing populism	2004–2009
		Action Democratic Progress Aktion Demokratischer Fortschritt	ADF	Collective leadership	Communism	1968–1969
		Action Group Fourth Party Aktionsgemeinschaft Vierte Partei	AVP	Christian Ernst Dietrich Bahner	National conservatism	1975–1978
		Action Group of Independent Germans Aktionsgemeinschaft Unabhängiger Deutscher	AUD	Hermann Schwann (1965–1968)	German nationalism Environmentalism Neutrality	1965–1980	Merged into The Greens
		Active Democracy direct Aktive Demokratie direkt	ADd		Direct democracy E-democracy	2011–2016
		All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights Gesamtdeutscher Block/Bund der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten	GB/BHE	Waldemar Kraft (1951–1954)	National conservatism German nationalism Expellee interests	1950–1961	Merged into DP
		All-German Party of Germany Gesamtdeutsche Partei Deutschlands	GPD	Frank Seiboth, Herbert Schneider	National conservatism German nationalism Expellee interests	1961–1981	Merger of GB/BHE and DP
		All-German People's Party Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei	GVP	Gustav Heinemann	Anti-Western integration[de] Christian democracy Anti-militarism Neutrality	1952–1957	Split from CDU, merged into SPD
		Alliance for Health, Peace and Social Justice Allianz für Gesundheit, Frieden und soziale Gerechtigkeit	AGFG	Matthias Rath	Alternative medicine	2005–2009
		Alliance of Germans, Party for Unity, Peace and Freedom Bund der Deutschen, Partei für Einheit, Frieden und Freiheit	BdD	Josef Weber (1964–1968)	Anti-Western integration[de] Anti-militarism Neutrality	1953–1968	Merged into DFU
		Alliance of the Centre Allianz der Mitte	ADM	Hans Weide	Conservatism	2004–2012	Merged into Deutsche Konservative
		Automobile Taxpayers Party Automobile Steuerzahler-Partei	ASP		Motorist interests	1993–2002
		Awakening of German patriots – Central Germany Aufbruch deutscher Patrioten – Mitteldeutschland	ADPM	Benjamin Przybylla	Right-wing populism National conservatism Nationalism	2019–2020
		Awakening for civil rights, freedom and health Aufbruch für Bürgerrechte, Freiheit und Gesundheit	AUFBRUCH	Hans Christoph Scheiner	Anti-wireless expansion Alternative medicine	1998–2012
		Christian Centre Christliche Mitte — Für ein Deutschland nach GOTTES Geboten	CM	Josef Happel	National conservatism Christian conservatism Social conservatism	1988–2016	Still exists as a think tank
		Christian Falangist Party of Germany Christlich Falangistische Partei Deutschlands	CFPD		Falangism Zionism	2006-2009
		Christian League - The Party for Life Christliche Liga – Die Partei für das Leben	LIGA	Ewald Jaksch	Christian right Conservatism	1985–1995
		Citizens for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Bürger für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	BMV	Michael Bertram	Conservatism Regionalism	2018	Split from AfD, merged into Free Voters
		Communist League of West Germany Kommunistischer Bund Westdeutschland	KBW	Joscha Schmierer (1973–1982)	Maoism	1973–1985
		Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen) Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Roter Morgen)	KPD (Roter Morgen)		Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism	1985–2011	Split from KPD/ML
		Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten	KPD/ML	Ernst Aust (1968–1983)	Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism	1968–1986	Newspaper still exists
		Communist Party of Germany Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands	KPD	Max Reimann (1948–1956)	Communism Marxism-Leninism	1918–1956	Banned in 1956
		Democratic Gay/Lesbian Party - The People's Party Demokratische Schwul / Lesbische Partei - Die Bürgerpartei	DSLP	Thomas Mosmann	Homonationalism Anti-Islam	2013–2016
		Democratic Left Demokratische Linke	DL		Socialism	1967–1970
		Democratic Socialists Demokratische Sozialisten	DS		Eurocommunism	1982–1991
		Democratic Party of Germany Demokratische Partei	DPD	Markus Giersch	Universal basic income Grassroots democracy Anti-Noise pollution	2009–2015
		Drivers' and Peoples' Interest Party Autofahrer- und Volksinteressenpartei	AViP	Andreas Uhing	Motorist interests Euroscepticism	2011–2016
		Drivers' and Citizens' Interest Party Autofahrer- und Bürgerinteressenpartei Deutschlands	APD	Anton K. Marth	Motorist interests	1988–2002
		Equality Party Gerechtigkeitspartei	G			1973–1978
		European Federalist Party Europäische Föderalistische Partei	EFP	Karl Hahn	European federalism	1964–1994
		European Workers-Party Europäische Arbeiter-Partei	EAP	Helga Zepp-LaRouche	LaRouche movement	1974–1986	Succeeded by Patrioten
		Expellee and Migrants Party of Germany – Unity Aussiedler und Migranten Partei Deutschland – EINHEIT	DIE EINHEIT	Dimitri Rempel	Russophilia Conservatism Expellee interests	2013–?
		Federation for a Complete Germany Bund für Gesamtdeutschland	BGD	Horst Zaborowski	Revanchism Nationalism	1990-2017	Merged with AGsD
		Free Citizens' Initiative Freie Bürger-Initiative	FBI	Dr. Thomas Kernebeck	Direct democracy	1994–?
		Free German People's Party Freiheitliche Deutsche Volkspartei	FDVP		Nationalism	2000–2003	Split from DVU, merged into DP
		Free German Workers' Party Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei	FAP	Friedhelm Busse (1988-1995)	Neo-Nazism Strasserism	1979–1995	Banned in 1995 (as organization)
		Free Union Freie Union	FU	Danny Hoffmann	Conservatism Direct democracy Economic liberalism	2009–2019
		The Frisians Die Friesen	FRIESEN	Ralf Bieneck	Ethnic minority interests	2007-2023
		German Community Deutsche Gemeinschaft	DG	Otto Hess	German nationalism Anti-militarism Revanchism Strasserism Neutrality	1949–1965	Merged into AUD
		German Conservative Party - German Right Party Deutsche Konservative Partei – Deutsche Rechtspartei	DKP-DRP	Wilhelm Jaeger (1947–1949)	National conservatism	1956–1950	Merged into DRP and DP
		German Democratic Party Deutsche Demokratische Partei	ddp	Thorsten Sandvoß	Third way Universal basic income	2004–2015
		German Empire Party Deutsche Reichspartei	DRP	Heinrich Kunstmann, Adolf von Thadden, Alexander Andrae	Neo-Nazism (after 1952) Pan-Germanism German nationalism	1950–1956	Merger of DRP and NDP
		German Freedom Party Deutsche Freiheitspartei	DFP	Heinrich Kunstmann	German nationalism Strasserism Neutrality	1962–1964	Split from DRP, merged into AUD
		German Freedom Party Die Freiheit – Bürgerrechtspartei für mehr Freiheit und Demokratie	DIE FREIHEIT	Michael Stürzenberger	Classical liberalism Direct democracy Right-wing populism Hard Euroscepticism	2010–2016
		German Party Deutsche Partei	DP	Heinrich Hellwege	German nationalism National conservatism Constitutional monarchism	1947–1961
		German Party Deutsche Partei	DP	Adolf von Thadden (after 1967)	National conservatism	1961–1980	Founded by former members of the 1947 DP
		German Peace Union Deutsche Friedens-Union	DFU		Pacifism Neutrality Anti-militarism	1960–1984/90
		German People's Union Deutsche Volksunion	DVU	Matthias Faust (2009–2011)	Pan-Germanism National conservatism Right-wing populism	1971/87–2011	Split from and merged into NPD
		German Reconstruction Party Deutsche Aufbaupartei	D|A|P	Tobias Stober	D-Mark reintroduction	2017–2019
		German Social Union Deutsch-Soziale Union	DSU	Otto Strasser	Strasserism Revolutionary nationalism	1956–1962
		German Solidarity - Union for the Environment and Life Protection Deutsche Solidarität – Union für Umwelt und Lebensschutz	Öko-Union	Horst Götting	National conservatism	1978–1997	Split from AVP
		German Union Deutsche Union	DU	Siegfried Zoglmann	National liberalism	1971–1980
		Gray Panthers Graue Panther	Graue Panther	Georg Schulte		1989–2008
		Humanist Party Humanistische Partei	HP		New Humanism Social liberalism Grassroots democracy	1984–2006
		Independent Workers' Party (German Socialists) Unabhängige Arbeiter-Partei (Deutsche Sozialisten)	UAP	Ulrich Villmow (1995–2014)	Strasserism Neue Rechte European federalism Democratic socialism	1962–2014	Split from DSU, unofficial successor
		Independent Workers' Party of Germany Unabhängige Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands	UAPD		Titoism Trotskyism	1950–1952
		Kreuzberg Patriotic Democrats/Realistic Center Kreuzberger Patriotische Demokraten/Realistisches Zentrum	KPD/RZ	Hans Joachim Grimm	Satire Anti-fascism	1988–2016	Merged into Die PARTEI
		Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit – Die Wahlalternative	WASG	Klaus Ernst, Thomas Händel, Christine Buchholz, Axel Troost	Democratic socialism Trade unionism	2005–2007	Merged into The Left
		League of German Communists Bund Deutscher Kommunisten	BDK		Communism Marxism-Leninism	1972–?	Split from DKP
		Liberal People's Party Freiheitliche Volkspartei	FVP	Franz Handlos	National conservatism Social conservatism	1985–1992	Split from The Republicans
		Maritime Union of Germany Maritime Union Deutschland	MUD	Konrad Fischer	Fishermans' interests Social democracy Euroscepticism	2011–2012
		Mature Citizens Die Mündigen Bürger	Mündige Bürger	Erika Herbst	National conservatism Alternative medicine Esotericism	1975–1994
		Motorist and citizens' interest party in Germany Autofahrer- und Bürgerinteressenpartei Deutschlands	APD	Anton K. Marth (1988–1995)	Motorist interests	1988–2002
		Muslim Democratic Union Muslimische Demokratische Union	MDU		Islamism Salafism	2010–2014	Merged into BIG
		National Liberal Action Nationalliberale Aktion	NLA	Erich Mende	National liberalism	1970–1971
		National Democratic Empire Party Nationaldemokratische Reichspartei	NDRP		Neo-Nazism	1950–1951	Merger of multiple smaller parties, succeeded by Young Party
		Natural Law Party Naturgesetz-Partei, Aufbruch zu neuem Bewusstsein	NATURGESETZ		Transcendental Meditation	1992–2004
		New consciousness - The holistic-esoteric party of Germany Neues Bewußtsein die ganzheitlich-esoterische Partei Deutschlands	Bewußtsein		New-Age movement Esotericism	1989–?
		New National Party Neue Nationale Partei	NNP	Jens Tholen	Civic nationalism Social liberalism Anti-fascism	2014–2015
		Noise torture-Environment-Politics-Honest Lärmfolter-Umwelt-Politik-ehrlich	LUPe	Klaus Zimmer	Anti-Noise pollution	2013–2016
		Parent Party Elternpartei	Eltern	Werner Jock	Parents' interests	2005–2010
		Party for a Rule of Law Offensive Partei Rechtsstaatlicher Offensive	PRO	Ronald Schill (2000–2003)	Right-wing populism Conservatism	2000–2007	Commonly known as Schill-Partei
		Party for Labour, Environment and Family AUF - Partei für Arbeit, Umwelt und Familie - Christen für Deutschland	AUF		Conservatism Christian fundamentalism	2008–2015	Merged into Alliance C
		Party of Bible-abiding Christians Partei Bibeltreuer Christen	PBC	Gerhard Heinzmann	Christian right Pentecostalism Christian fundamentalism	1989–2015	Merged into Alliance C
		Party of Democratic Socialism Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus	PDS	Lothar Bisky (2003–2007)	Democratic socialism Left-wing populism	1989–2007	Merged into The Left
		Party of Non-Voters Partei der Nichtwähler	Nichtwähler	Werner Peters	Protest party Direct democracy	1998–2016
		Party of those willing to work and the socially disadvantaged Partei der Arbeitswilligen und Sozial Schwachen	PASS	Frank Knüppel (1998–2000)	Protest party Unemployed interests	1993-2009
		Patriots for Germany Patrioten für Deutschland	Patrioten	Helga Zepp-LaRouche	LaRouche movement National conservatism	1986–1992	Succeeded by BüSo
		Peace List Die Friedensliste	FRIEDEN	1984–1986: Mechtild Jansen Manfred Coppik Hans Mausbach	Peace movement	1984–1989
		Pensioners' Party Germany Rentner Partei Deutschland	RENTNER	Günter Pfeiffer	Senior citizens interests	2002–2016
		Pensioners' Party Rentnerinnen- und Rentner-Partei	RRP	Manfred Link	Senior citizens interests	2007–2016
		Pro Germany Citizens' Movement Bürgerbewegung pro Deutschland	pro Deutschland	Manfred Rouhs	Right-wing populism	2005–2017
		Pro NRW Bürgerbewegung pro NRW	pro NRW	Markus Beisicht	Right-wing populism Anti-immigration Anti-Islam	2007–2019
		Posadist Communist Party Posadistische Kommunistische Partei		Paul Schulz	Posadism	1969–2005
		Sarazzist Party ━ for Referendums Sarazzistische Partei – für Volksentscheide	SPV	Kai Schulze	Sarrazism Direct democracy	2010–2011
		Saxon People's Party Sächsische Volkspartei	SVP	Mirko Schmidt	Nationalism	2006–2019
		Social People's Party Soziale Volkspartei	SVP	Ronny Grubert	Neo-Nazism Militancy	1999	Split from NPD
		Social People's Party of Germany Soziale Volkspartei Deutschlands	SVD	Wolfgang Staschen	Social democracy Anti-immigration	1984
		Socialist Reich Party Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands	SRP	Otto Ernst Remer, Fritz Dorls, Gerhard Krüger	Neo-Nazism	1949–1952	Banned in 1952
		Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin Sozialistische Einheitspartei Westberlins	SEW	Gerhard Danelius (1962–1978)	Communism Marxism-Leninism	1962–1991	Split from SED
		Spartacus League Spartacusbund	SpB		Trotskyism	1974–1980s
		Red October Roter Oktober	RO		Communism Marxism-Leninism	2002–2009	Split from KPD (RO)
		Revolutionary Socialist League Revolutionär Sozialistischer Bund/Vierte Internationale	RSB		Trotskyism	1994–2016	Merged into ISO
		The Blue Party Die blaue Partei	Blaue #TeamPetry	Frauke Petry	National conservatism National liberalism Euroscepticism	2017–2019	Split from the AfD
		The Grays – Gray Panthers Die Grauen – Graue Panther	GRAUE		Anti-Ageism Green politics Senior citizens interests	1989–2008	Split into Die Grauen and Graue Panther
		The Social Liberals Die Sozialliberalen	SL	Mikael Horstmann	Social liberalism European federalism	2014–2021	Still exists as a think tank
		The Ungovernable - Autonomous List Die Unregierbaren – Autonome Liste	U/AL		Anti-fascism Direct action	1989–2009
		Union of Free Citizens Bund freier Bürger	BFB	Manfred Brunner	National liberalism Right-wing populism	1994–2000
		Union of Free Germany Bund Freies Deutschland	BFD		Right-wing populism	1973–1977
		United Socialist Party Vereinigte Sozialistische Partei	VSP		Socialism	1986–2000
		West German Women's Peace Movement Westdeutsche Frauenfriedensbewegung	WFFB	Klara Marie Faßbinder	German reunification Anti-militarism Pacifism	1952–1974
		Woman's Party Frauenpartei	Frauen	Sibylle Schücking-Helfferich	Feminism	1979–1989
		Work for Bremen and Bremerhaven Arbeit für Bremen und Bremerhaven	AFB		Centrism	1995–2004
		Workers' Party of Germany Partei der Arbeit Deutschlands	PdAD	Michael Koth	Juche National Bolshevism	1995–1998
		Workers' Party of Germany Partei der Arbeit Deutschlands	PdAD	Simon Bärmann	Social democracy Progressive conservatism	2017–2020
		Young Party Junge Partei			Neo-Nazism Neutrality	1951–1951/2
		Youth and Development Party of Germany Jugend- und Entwicklungspartei Deutschlands	JED	Till Müller, Lukas Ostermann	Youth interests Social liberalism Cannabis legalization	2017–2019

Defunct parties in Allied-occupied Germany

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Leader(s)	Ideology	Active	Note
		Democratic People's Party Demokratische Volkspartei	DVP	Theodor Heuss	Liberalism	1946–1948	Merged into FDP
		German Conservative Party Deutsche Konservative Partei	DKP	Eldor Borck, Otto Schmidt-Hannover	National conservatism	1946–1950	Merged into DKP-DRP
		German Reconstruction Party Deutsche Aufbaupartei	DAP		Monarchism German nationalism	1945–1946	Merged into DKP-DRP
		Lower Saxony State Party Niedersächsische Landespartei			Regionalism Christian conservatism Establishment of Lower Saxony	1945–1947	Merged into DP
		National Democratic Party Nationaldemokratische Partei	NDP	Heinrich Leuchtgens	National conservatism	1945–1950	Only active in Hesse, merged into DRP
		Radical Social Freedom Party Radikal-Soziale Freiheitspartei	RSF	Richard Batz, Peter Thielen	Freiwirtschaft Border abolition Decentralization	1946–1950	Succeeded by HUMANWIRTSCHAFT

Parties in East Germany

Bloc		Logo		Name	Abbr.	Ideology	Note
	National Front			Socialist Unity Party of Germany Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschland	SED	Stalinism Communism Marxism-Leninism	"Leading Role" per 1968 Constitution, succeeded by PDS
				Christian Democratic Union of Germany Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands	CDUD	Christian socialism Social conservatism	Merged into the CDU
				Liberal Democratic Party of Germany Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands	LDPD	Liberal socialism	Merged into Association of Free Democrats (partly)
				Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands	DBD	Agrarianism Agrarian socialism	Merged into CDUD
				National Democratic Party of Germany National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands	NDPD	Conservatism National conservatism Socialism	Merged into FDP

During transition (1989–90)

Alliance			Logo		Name	Abbr.	Ideology	Note
		Alliance 90			Democracy Now Demokratie Jetzt	DJ	Democratic socialism	Merged into Alliance 90/The Greens
					Initiative for Peace and Human Rights Initiative für Frieden und Menschenrechte	IFM	Anti-Communism
					New Forum Neues Forum	NF	Progressivism
		Alliance for Germany			Christian Democratic Union of Germany Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands	CDUD	Christian democracy Social conservatism Anti-Communism	Merged into the CDU
					Democratic Beginning Demokratischer Aufbruch	DA	Liberal democracy Christian democracy	Merged into CDUD
					German Social Union Deutsche Soziale Union	DSU	National conservatism Christian democracy Social conservatism	Still exists, see Minor parties
		Association of Free Democrats			Liberal Democratic Party of Germany Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands	LDPD	Liberalism	Merged into FDP
					German Forum Party Deutsche Forumpartei	DFP	Liberalism
					Free Democratic Party Freie Demokratische Partei	FDP	Liberalism
					Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands	DBD	Agrarianism	Merged into CDUD
					Green Party Grüne Partei	Die Grünen	Green politics	Merged into Alliance 90/The Greens
					National Democratic Party of Germany National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands	NDPD	Centrism National liberalism	Merged into FDP
					Social Democratic Party in the GDR Sozialdemokratische Partei in der DDR	SPD	Social democracy	Merged into SPD
					Socialist Unity Party of Germany━Party of Democratic Socialism Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands━Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus	SED-PDS	Democratic socialism	Later renamed to PDS
					United Left Vereinigte Linke	VL	Communism Trotskyism Socialism

Parties in Weimar Republic

Main article: Weimar political parties

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Ideology	Political position	Active	Note
		Bavarian People's Party Bayerische Volkspartei	BVP	Political Catholicism Bavarian regionalism Conservatism Constitutional monarchism	Right-wing	1918–1933
		Centre Party Deutsche Zentrumspartei	Zentrum	Christian democracy Political catholicism	Centre to centre-right	1870–
		Christian Social People's Service Christlich-Sozialer Volksdienst	CSVD	Agrarainism Conservatism Political Protestantism	Centre-right	1929–1933
		Communist Party of Germany Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands	KPD	Communism Marxism-Leninism	Far-left	1918–1956 (West) 1918–1946 (East)	Banned in West Germany, merged in East Germany
		Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition)	KPO	Communism Luxemburgism	Left-wing, Far-left	1929–1939
		Conservative People's Party Konservative Volkspartei	KPV	Conservatism Christian democracy	Right-wing	1930–1933
		German Democratic Party Deutsche Demokratische Partei	DDP	Social liberalism Progressivism	Centre-left	1918–1930
		German National People's Party Deutschnationale Volkspartei	DNVP	Monarchism Proto-fascism National conservatism German nationalism	Right-wing to Far-right	1918–1933
		German People's Party Deutsche Volkspartei	DVP	National liberalism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism Constitutional monarchism	Centre-right	1918–1933
		German Völkisch Freedom Party Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei	DVFP	German nationalism Völkisch movement Antisemitism	Far-right	1922–1925
		German State Party Deutsche Staatspartei	DStP	Liberalism Corporatism	Centre-right	1930–1933	Short-lived merger of the DDP and Young German Order
		German Workers' Party Deutsche Arbeiterpartei	DAP	Pan-Germanism German nationalism Volksgemeinschaft	Far-right	1919–1920	Predecessor of the Nazi Party
		Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands	USPD	Democratic socialism Centrist Marxism Pacifism	Left-wing	1917–1931
		National Socialist German Workers' Party Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei	NSDAP	National Socialism	Far-right	1920–1945
		Socialist Workers' Party of Germany Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands	SAPD	Democratic socialism Centrist Marxism	Far-left	1931–1945

See also

• Lists of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
• History of Germany since 1945
• Liberalism in Germany

References

External links

• Political Parties (Germany) - List of German political parties since 1949
• Collection of recognized political parties by the Federal Returning Office (in German)
• Overview of the elections since 1946 (Übersicht der Wahlen seit 1946) on the website of the Tagesschau - Election results in Germany since 1946 on state, federal and European levels (German descriptions, but graphics and data can be accessed without these).