Pearl
A woman in a red dress with an axe over her shoulder, shushing to the viewer
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTi West
Written by
Based onCharacters
by Ti West
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyEliot Rockett
Edited byTi West
Music by
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • September 3, 2022 (2022-09-03) (Venice)
  • September 16, 2022 (2022-09-16) (United States)
Running time
102 minutes[2]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$1 million[3]
Box office$10.1 million[4]

Pearl (subtitled An X-traordinary Origin Story) is a 2022 American horror film directed by Ti West, co-written by West and Mia Goth, who reprises her role as the title character, and featuring David Corenswet, Tandi Wright, Matthew Sunderland and Emma Jenkins-Purro in supporting roles. A prequel to X (2022) and the second installment in the X film series, it serves as an origin story for the title villain, whose fervent aspiration to become a movie star led her to committing violent acts on her family's Texas homestead in 1918.

West began co-writing a prequel script stemming from his collaboration with Goth while filming X. Motivated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema, filming started in New Zealand immediately after the first film, using X sets and the Avatar: The Way of Water crew and taking pandemic safety precautions. Pearl drew inspiration from the works of Douglas Sirk, Technicolor films like The Wizard of Oz (1939) and Mary Poppins (1964), and Disney films. It had its world premiere at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 2022, and was released in theaters in the United States on September 16, 2022, by A24. The film grossed over $10 million and received generally positive reviews from critics, with Goth's performance receiving wide praise.

A direct sequel to X, titled MaXXXine, is scheduled to be released in 2024.

Plot

In 1918, during the influenza pandemic, Pearl is a young woman living with her German immigrant parents on their Texas homestead while her husband, Howard, serves in World War I. Pearl's father is infirm and paralyzed, and her domineering mother, Ruth, insists that she help care for both him and the farm. Pearl, longing for a more exciting life, is captivated by the films she sees at the local cinema and aspires to become a chorus girl, which Ruth disapproves of. However, Pearl also shows signs of psychopathy; she kills farm animals and physically abuses her father.

At the movie theater, Pearl meets a young projectionist who takes a liking to her. While riding her bicycle home, Pearl stops along a cornfield and begins dancing with a scarecrow, fantasizing about the projectionist, and masturbates with it. When her mother realizes that eight cents are missing from an errand Pearl did, Pearl is berated about being careless and has her supper withheld.

Pearl's affluent sister-in-law, Mitsy, tells her of an audition being held to find new dancers for a traveling troupe, which Pearl envisions as a way to get away from the farm. She later sneaks out of the house at night and visits the projectionist, who shows her A Free Ride, an illicit stag film he acquired in France. He encourages Pearl to pursue her dreams. Pearl comments that she cannot abandon her family, and that she wishes "they would just die."

When Ruth finds a program Pearl took from the movie theater, the two get into a fierce argument over dinner, in which Ruth says that Pearl is sick and will hurt people if she ever leaves the farm. A physical altercation erupts, during which Pearl shoves her mother against the kitchen hearth, igniting her dress and resulting in Ruth suffering life-threatening burns. Pearl drags Ruth into the basement and leaves her father seated in the kitchen. She flees to the movie theater, where she has sex with the projectionist.

In the morning, the projectionist drives Pearl back to the farm so she can prepare for the audition. He is perturbed by a now maggot-infested roasted pig that Mitsy's mother left for Ruth the day before, and by inconsistencies Pearl has told him, as well as by her theatrical behavior. When he attempts to leave, Pearl flies into a fit of rage at his abandonment of her, and stabs him to death with a pitchfork before pushing his car—with his corpse in it—into a pond, where an alligator she has nicknamed Theda eats his remains. Pearl dresses herself in one of Ruth's lavish gowns, and dresses up her father before smothering him to death.

Pearl arrives at the church where the audition is being held. She gives a dance performance she feels will win over the talent scouts, but is devastated when she is rejected for not being young, blonde, or "all-American". Mitsy accompanies her home in an attempt to console her. In the kitchen, Pearl makes a lengthy confession to Mitsy about her resentment toward Howard, who came from a privileged background but insisted that the couple remain on her family's farm, and admits she was relieved when she miscarried his child. She further confesses her feelings of alienation and insecurity, the pleasure she takes in inflicting pain, and to taking the lives of her parents and the projectionist. Pearl then manipulates a stunned Mitsy into confessing that she won the audition over Pearl. In a jealous rage, Pearl chases her down the driveway and kills her with an axe.

Pearl dismembers Mitsy's body and feeds her corpse to Theda, before going into the basement and lying with a deceased Ruth. Concluding that her mother was correct and that Pearl should "make the best of what she has", she decides to atone for her crimes by creating a comfortable home for Howard when he returns from the war. The next morning, Howard arrives unexpectedly and, to his horror, finds the bodies of Pearl's parents seated at the dining table around the rotting pig. Pearl greets him with a protracted, pained smile.

Cast

Production

Development

Ti West began writing a script for the prequel film during production on X. He stated that the prequel project had developed from a story he had collaborated on with Mia Goth, and that he had seen it either as becoming a potential film, or simply serving as a backstory for Goth's role as Pearl in the first movie.[5] After the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, seeing its impact on the cinema industry, West stated that he had been inspired to continue working and had decided to begin production of the prequel immediately after wrapping on the previous installment. West stated that he had pitched his idea of a new franchise to A24 and had been surprised when they green-lit his projects. The filmmaker stated that he intends each film to have its own distinct style and genre of horror. Describing his approach to X, he said he was heavily influenced by The Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise and by the works of Mario Bava, which explore how the rise of independent filmmaking affected society. Regarding Pearl, he described it as Douglas Sirk melodrama meeting the Technicolor style of Mary Poppins and The Wizard of Oz, made as a "demented Disney movie", and said it will explore how Hollywood filmmaking has influenced people. West stated that he intends to continue this trend of exploring diverse styles and genres in future installments. The movie is a joint-venture production between A24 and Little Lamb Productions.[5][6][7][8][9]

With the release of the first publicity poster, it was announced that West would once again serve as film editor alongside his other production roles, that Eliot Rockett would return as cinematographer, and that Tyler Bates and Tim Williams would serve as co-composers of the film's score.[10]

Casting

Mia Goth reprises her role as a younger version of Pearl, the elderly woman from the first film.[7][8][9][5] In July 2022, it was revealed that David Corenswet, Tandi Wright, Matthew Sunderland, and Emma Jenkins-Purro would feature as the supporting cast.[11]

Filming

Principal photography was revealed to have begun in secret immediately following the completed photography on X. Filming started in New Zealand, took place back-to-back with the first movie and used the same sets that were built for X. West worked with the production crew of Avatar: The Way of Water, who were taking a break from production on that film at the time. West stated that, despite the production taking place during the COVID-19 pandemic, the production crew had already completed their required period of self-isolation, and were therefore able to work safely and efficiently together during the pandemic. He said: "I came out of quarantine and I was like, 'We're already building all of this stuff, it's COVID and we're on the one place on Earth where it's safe to make a movie.'"[7][8][5][12][13]

Post-production

In March 2022, having completed filming, West announced that he was currently working on editing the movie, that he would go to Nashville, Tennessee, following the March 2022 SXSW Film Festival, to record the orchestral score for the soundtrack with Tyler Bates and Timothy Williams, and that the film was expected to be finished in May.[8][5][12]

Marketing

A teaser trailer was screened at the SXSW Film Festival, following screening of the first film. The footage accompanied the theatrical release of X.[12][9][5] In July 2022, the first trailer was released with the marketing tagline of "an X-traordinary Origin Story", referring to the previous installment.[10]

Release

Pearl had its world premiere at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 2022,[14] and was released in theaters in the United States on September 16, 2022.[10]

The film was released on VOD on October 25, 2022,[15] and was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 15, 2022.[16]

Reception

Box office

In the United States and Canada, Pearl was released alongside The Woman King and See How They Run, and was projected to gross around $4 million from 2,900 theaters in its opening weekend.[17] The film made $1.3 million on its first day and went on to debut to $3.1 million, finishing third at the box office.[18] It made $1.92 million in its second weekend, finishing fifth at the box office.[19]

Critical response

Mia Goth in 2023.
Goth's performance as the titular character was widely praised by critics.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 93% based on 201 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's consensus states: "Pearl finds Ti West squeezing fresh gore out of the world he created with X – and once again benefiting from a brilliant Mia Goth performance."[20] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100 based on reviews from 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[21] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave the film a 75% overall positive score, with 54% saying they would definitely recommend it.[18]

Reviewing the film following its Venice Film Festival premiere, Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian praised West's direction and Goth's "grandiose performance", assigning it a perfect rating of five stars and remarking: "Perhaps I shouldn't have enjoyed Pearl as much as I did: but it's clever, limber, gruesome and brutally well acted. A gem."[22] In his review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney described it as a "cleverly packaged pandemic production with narrative echoes of that global anxiety", praising the screenplay, cinematography, score, and Goth's performance—which he compares to that of American actress Shelley Duvall in The Shining (1980).[23] In a year-end retrospective for Daily Grindhouse, Preston Fassel named the film as the best horror movie of 2022 as well as "the best film of the year, period, and a bona fide cinematic classic that deserves Criterion status ASAP."[24] In a negative review, Ewan Gleadow of Cult Following wrote that while West "doubles down on what made X such a chilling feature and consolidates what he is good at", the film ultimately "feels like a weak parody of the MGM days of The Wizard of Oz."[25] Similarly, Derek Smith of Slant Magazine thought that, while The Wizard of Oz references were "purposeful", they lacked "follow through", creating an impression that the film is more focused on showcasing its "cleverness" rather than enhancing its narrative or character depth.[26]

Filmmaker Martin Scorsese was reportedly impressed by the film, calling it "mesmerizing" and stating that it was "powered by a pure, undiluted love for cinema".[27][28] The New York Times named the character of Pearl one of the 93 most stylish "people" of 2022, highlighting her "blood red dress, lacy blue bow, smudged makeup, boots … and ax".[29]

Accolades

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref.
Toronto International Film Festival September 18, 2022 People's Choice Award for Midnight Madness Pearl Runner-up [30]
Sitges Film Festival October 15, 2022 Best Feature Length Film Nominated [31]
Best Direction Ti West Won [32]
Best Actress Mia Goth Won
Boston Society of Film Critics December 11, 2022 Best Cinematography Eliot Rockett (also for X) Won [33]
Chicago Film Critics Association December 14, 2022 Best Actress Mia Goth Nominated [34]
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association December 18, 2022 Best Horror Film Pearl Nominated [35]
Best Actress Mia Goth Nominated
San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle January 9, 2023 Best Actress Nominated [36]
Austin Film Critics Association January 10, 2023 Best Actress Nominated [37]
Seattle Film Critics Society January 17, 2023 Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated [38]
Best Villain Pearl (portrayed by Mia Goth) (also nominee for X) Nominated
Online Film Critics Society January 23, 2023 Best Actress Mia Goth Nominated [39]
Bram Stoker Award June 17, 2023 Superior Achievement in a Screenplay Mia Goth & Ti West Nominated [40]
Independent Spirit Awards March 4, 2023 Best Lead Performance Mia Goth Nominated [41]
Best Cinematography Eliot Rockett Nominated
Critics' Choice Super Awards March 16, 2023 Best Horror Movie Pearl Nominated [42][43]
Best Actress in a Horror Movie Mia Goth Won
Best Villain in a Movie Won
Fangoria Chainsaw Awards May 21, 2023 Best Wide Release Movie Pearl Nominated [44] [45]
Best Lead Performance Mia Goth Won
Best Screenplay Mia Goth and Ti West Nominated
Best Cinematography Eliot Rockett Nominated
Best Score Tyler Bates and Tim Williams Nominated
Best Costume Design Malgosia Turzanska Nominated
Saturn Awards February 4, 2024 Best Independent Film Pearl Pending [46]
Best Film Writing Ti West and Mia Goth Pending
Best Actress in a Film Mia Goth Pending

Future

West announced in March 2022 that he was working on the script for a third movie in the film series, to be set chronologically after the events of X. That project will explore another subgenre of horror and will continue depicting how cinema in general, and the development of home video releases in particular, have influenced society. West stated that, while a viewer can watch each movie independently without having seen the previous film, they are made to "complement each other".[9][5] In describing his creative processes during the development of these films, West stated, "I'm trying to build a world out of all this, like people do these days." The filmmaker further noted, "You can't make a slasher movie without a bunch of sequels".[8]

In September 2022, at the first Midnight Madness showing of Pearl for the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival, a third film was officially announced with a short teaser played after the credits. The clip was later released online for those not present at the event. West once again serves as writer/director and one of the producers, while Mia Goth will reprise her role from the first movie. Titled MaXXXine, the film takes place in 1985 and serves as a sequel to X. The plot was confirmed to center around Maxine, the only survivor of the "Massacre of X" as she continues to pursue her future in Hollywood. Though principal photography has not yet begun, the teaser trailer was shot with the film fast-tracked to being green-lit by A24, following the successes of the previous two installments. Jacob Jaffke, Kevin Turen, and Harrison Kreiss will be producers, while Goth will additionally serve as an executive producer.[47][48][49] It will be released in 2024.[50]

References

  1. ↑ Tabbara, Mona (November 11, 2022). "Universal Pictures Content Group acquires Ti West's 'Pearl' from A24". Screen International. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  2. ↑ "Pearl (18)". BBFC. January 9, 2023. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Box Office: 'The Woman King' Prevails with Projected $18 Million Opening Weekend". Variety. September 17, 2022. Archived from the original on September 17, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Pearl (2022) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yamato, Jen (March 14, 2022). "Inside Ti West and Mia Goth's already filmed secret prequel to A24 slasher 'X'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  6. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 14, 2022). "A24's 'X' Has Shot A Prequel, Ti West Reveals At Pic's SXSW Premiere". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Vlessing, Etan (March 14, 2022). "SXSW: Ti West's 'X' Gets Secret Prequel Film". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Kohn, Eric (March 14, 2022). "Ti West Shot a Secret Horror Prequel to A24 Slasher Movie 'X' with Mia Goth, Reveals Plans for a Trilogy". IndieWire. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Curto, Justin (March 14, 2021). "Ti West Is Saving a Slice for X Prequel Pearl". Vulture. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 Squires, Jon (July 26, 2022). "'Pearl' Trailer – Mia Goth and Ti West Reunite for A24's Wild and Bloody 'X' Prequel Movie!". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  11. ↑ Vlessing, Etan (July 26, 2022). "'Pearl' Trailer Reveals Origins of Ti West's 'X' Villain". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 27, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 Navarro, Meagan (March 14, 2022). "Ti West Unveils Teaser for Surprise 'X' Prequel 'Pearl' at SXSW!". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  13. ↑ Navarro, Meagan (September 20, 2022). "'Pearl' Writer/Director Ti West Teases 'MaXXXine' and Explains How 'X' Became a Highly Unique Trilogy". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  14. ↑ "Biennale Cinema 2022 | Pearl". La Biennale di Venezia. July 20, 2022. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  15. ↑ "Pearl: An X-traordinary Origin Story". iTunes Store. September 16, 2022. Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  16. ↑ Squires, John (October 4, 2022). "Ti West's 'Pearl' Comes Home to Blu-ray and Digital in November". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  17. ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 14, 2022). "'The Woman King' Eyes Long Haul At Fall Box Office After Hot TIFF Premiere With 100% Rotten Tomatoes – Weekend Preview". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  18. 1 2 D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 17, 2022). "'The Woman King' Notches A+ CinemaScore & Heads For $18M Opening – Saturday Box Office Update". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 16, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  19. ↑ "'Don't Worry Darling' Scores Best Opening In Five Weekends With $19.2 Million, 'Avatar' Brings In Another $10 Million In Re-Release". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on September 25, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  20. ↑ "Pearl". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  21. ↑ "Pearl (2022)". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  22. ↑ Bradshaw, Peter (September 3, 2022). "Pearl review – Mia Goth and Ti West scare up a storm in extraordinary pandemic horror". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  23. ↑ Rooney, David (September 3, 2022). "'Pearl' Review: Ti West and Mia Goth's 'X' Prequel Delivers More Technicolor Camp Than Horror". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  24. ↑ Fassel, Preston (December 21, 2022). "FALLING BACK IN LOVE WITH HORROR: MY TOP FILMS OF 2022". Daily Grindhouse. Archived from the original on December 21, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  25. ↑ Gleadow, Ewan (September 4, 2022). "Venice 2022: Pearl". CULT FOLLOWING. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  26. ↑ Smith, Derek (September 14, 2022). "'Pearl' Review: An Un-X-traordinary Origin Story". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  27. ↑ Motamayor, Rafael (September 19, 2022). "Legendary Filmmaker Martin Scorsese Is A Big Fan Of Ti West's Pearl [Exclusive]". /Film. Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  28. ↑ Sharf, Zack (September 19, 2022). "Martin Scorsese: A24's 'Pearl' Is So 'Deeply Disturbing' That I Had Trouble Falling Asleep Afterward". Variety. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  29. ↑ Desk, The Styles (December 11, 2022). "Styles's 93 Most Stylish 'People' of 2022". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  30. ↑ Zilko, Christian (September 18, 2022). "'The Fabelmans' Wins TIFF 2022 People's Choice Award". IndieWire. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  31. ↑ Aiello, Julieta (September 15, 2022). "El Festival de Sitges anuncia la programación de su edición 2022". Indie Hoy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  32. ↑ Rodríguez, Oriol (October 15, 2022). "Palmarés del Festival de Sitges 2022: todos los premios, película ganadora y cineastas galardonados". El Nacional (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  33. ↑ Neglia, Matt (December 11, 2022). "The 2022 Boston Society Of Film Critics (BSFC) Winners". NextBestPicture. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  34. ↑ Tallerico, Brian (December 12, 2022). "Everything Everywhere All at Once Leads Chicago Film Critics Nominations". Rogerebert.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  35. ↑ Neglia, Matt (December 11, 2022). "The 2022 St. Louis Film Critics Association (StLFCA) Nominations". NextBestPicture. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  36. ↑ Neglia, Matt (January 6, 2023). "The 2022 San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle (SFBAFCC) Nominations". Next Best Picture. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  37. ↑ "2022 Austin Film Critics Association Award Nominations". Austin Film Critics Association. January 3, 2022. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  38. ↑ "2022 Chicago Indie Critics (CIC) nominations: 'Everything Everywhere All At Once' leads with 14". AwardsWatch. January 9, 2023. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  39. ↑ Neglia, Matt (January 23, 2023). "The 2022 Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) Winners". Next Best Picture. Archived from the original on January 23, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  40. ↑ locusmag (June 19, 2023). "2022 Stoker Awards Winners". Locus Online. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  41. ↑ Lattanzio, Ryan (November 22, 2022). "2023 Film Independent Spirit Award Nominations Announced (Updating Live)". IndieWire. Archived from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
  42. ↑ "Nominations Announced for the 3rd Annual Critics Choice Super Awards". Critics Choice Association. February 22, 2023. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  43. ↑ Vlessing, Etan (March 16, 2023). "'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Wins Big at 2023 Critics Choice Super Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  44. ↑ Melanson, Angel (January 27, 2023). "2023 FANGORIA Chainsaw Award Nominees". Fangoria. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  45. ↑ "2023 FANGORIA Chainsaw Award Winners". Fangoria. May 21, 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  46. ↑ Hipes, Patrick (December 6, 2023). "'Avatar: The Way of Water', 'Oppenheimer', 'Star Trek' Series Lead Nominations for Genre-Focused Saturn Awards". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  47. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 12, 2022). "Ti West Reveals 'X' Trilogy Finale With 'MaXXXine' Teaser Following Tonight's 'Pearl' TIFF Midnight Madness Premiere: WATCH". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  48. ↑ Navarro, Meagan (September 13, 2022). "'MaXXXine' – Ti West Teases That Third 'X' Movie Is Inspired by the VHS Boom of the 1980s". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  49. ↑ Squires, John (September 13, 2022). "'MaXXXine' – A24 Announces Third Movie in Ti West's 'X' Franchise! [Teaser]". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  50. ↑ Chapman, Wilson (August 1, 2023). "Every A24 Movie Coming Out in 2023 and Beyond". IndieWire. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
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