Peanut or Peanuts is the nickname of:

• Chiang Kai-shek (1887–1975), derisively called "Peanut" by U.S. Army General Joseph Stilwell
• Nick "Peanut" Baines (born 1978), English rock keyboardist
• Jim Davenport (1933–2016), American Major League Baseball player and coach
• Peanut Louie Harper (born 1960), American retired tennis player
• Peanuts Holland (1910–1979), American jazz trumpeter
• Peanuts Hucko (1918–2003), American jazz clarinetist
• Mamie Johnson (1935–2017), American baseball player, first female pitcher in the Negro leagues
• Erv Kantlehner (1892–1990), American Major League Baseball pitcher nicknamed "Peanuts"
• Paul Lehner (1920–1967), American Major League Baseball player, nicknamed "Peanuts"
• Peanuts Lowrey (1917–1986), American Major League Baseball player
• Peanuts O'Flaherty (1918–2008), Canadian National Hockey League player
• Ed Pinnance (1879–1944), Canadian Major League Baseball pitcher in 1903, nicknamed "Peanuts"
• Charles Tillman (born 1981), American National Football League player
• Dominee Peanut (born 1959), South African teacher