Coat of arms of the Chaldean patriarchate.

This is a list of the Chaldean Catholicoi-Patriarchs of Baghdad, formerly Babylon, the leaders of the Chaldean Catholic Church and one of the Patriarchs of the east of the Catholic Church starting from 1553 following the schism of 1552 which caused a break in the Church of the East, which later led to the founding of the Chaldean Catholic Church.

This list continues from the list of patriarchs of the Church of the East that traces itself back from the Church founded in Mesopotamia in the 1st century and which became known as the Church of the East.

Biblical Aramaic is closely related to Syriac Aramaic, which until recently was called Chaldaic or Chaldee,[1][2] and East Syrian Christians, whose liturgical language was this dialect of Aramaic, were called Chaldeans,[3] as an ethnic, not a religious term. Hormuzd Rassam (1826–1910) still applied the term "Chaldeans" no less to those not in communion with Rome than to the Catholic Chaldeans[4] and stated that "the present Chaldeans, with a few exceptions, speak the same dialect used in the Targum, and in some parts of Ezra and Daniel, which are called 'Chaldee'."[5]

Catholicoi and Patriarchs of Babylon for the Chaldeans

The Shimun line

In 1553, Mar Yohannan Sulaqa, willing to separate from the Church of the East's Patriarchal See of Alqosh, an Assyrian town in the Assyrian homeland, went to Rome asking for his appointment as Patriarch. He was consecrated in St. Peter's Basilica on 9 April 1553.

The Josephite line of Amid

The Catholic Patriarchs based in Amid, now Diyarbakır in southeastern Turkey, began with Joseph I who in 1667 became Catholic, obtained from the Turkish civil authorities in 1677 recognition of his independence from the non-Catholic patriarchal see of Alqosh. In 1681, Joseph I was recognized by Rome as "patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its patriarch", because of the irregular situation in which the Shimun line had fallen since Shimun X.[6][7] The numbering of the ensuing list reflect this conflict.

From 1830, the post of Catholic patriarch continued under Yohannan VIII Hormizd as Patriarch of Babylon and head of what is now called the Chaldean Catholic Church.

The Alqosh/Mosul line

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Alqosh was the seat of what, until the setting up of the Shimun line, had been the only patriarchal line, tracing its origins from the Apostle Thomas in the 1st century. This line is called the Eliyya line, because of the name that each of its successive patriarchs assumed. In 1771, the Alqosh Patriarch Eliyya XII Denkha (1722–1778) entered communion with the Catholic Church. However, on his death in 1778, his successor Eliyya XIII Ishoʿyahb, after obtaining recognition by Rome, quickly repudiated the union and returned to the traditional doctrine. His cousin Yohannan VIII Hormizd professed the Catholic faith and won others to the same faith. When Eliyya IX Ishoʿyahb died in 1804, no successor was elected and Yohannan Hormizd remained the only representative of the line. Rome recognized him in 1783 as metropolitan bishop of Mosul and administrator of the Alqosh/Mosul patriarchate. Only in 1830, after the death in 1827 of Augustine Hindi, the representative of the Josephite line, who had also been under consideration for recognition as the Catholic patriarch, was he acknowledged by Rome as patriarch.

On 19 February 2022, Pope Francis acceded to the request of the Synod of Bishops of the Chaldean Church and changed this title to Patriarch of Baghdad of the Chaldeans.[8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures (1857)
  2. ↑ Lexicon manuale hebraicum et chaldaicum in Veteris Testamenti libros (1847)
  3. ↑ Kristian Girling, The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations (Routledge 2017); cf. William Ainsworth, "An Account of a Visit to the Chaldeans ..." in The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 11 (1841), e.g., p. 36; Austen Henry Layard, Nineveh and its Remains (Murray 1850), p. 260; Richard Simon, Histoire critique de la créance et des coûtumes des nations du Levant (Francfort 1684), p. 83
  4. ↑ "Hormuzd Rassam, "Biblical Nationalities Past and Present" in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. VIII, part 1, p. 377" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  5. ↑ "Hormuzd Rassam, "Biblical Nationalities Past and Present" in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. VIII, part 1, p. 378" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  6. ↑ David Wilmshurst (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913. Peeters Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 978-90-429-0876-5.
  7. ↑ Wilhelm Braun, Dietmar W. Winkler, The Church of the East: A Concise History (Routledge 2000), p. 119
  8. ↑ "Resignations and Appointments, 19.02.2022" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 19 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
Sources
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