Pacific Islands Forum
Logo of the Pacific Islands Forum
Logo
Membership (dark blue) of the Pacific Islands Forum.
Membership (dark blue) of the Pacific Islands Forum.
Seat of SecretariatFiji Suva
Membership
Leaders
• Forum Chair
Cook Islands Cook Islands
Cook Islands Henry Puna
Establishment
• as South Pacific Forum
1971
• renamed Pacific Islands Forum
1999
Area
• Total
8,509,959[1] km2 (3,285,714 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 estimate
42.837 million[2]
• Density
4/km2 (10.4/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2020 estimate
• Total
USD 1.684 trilliona
• Per capita
USD 13,690
HDI (2020)Increase 0.714a
high · 108tha
Website
www.forumsec.org
  1. If the Forum is considered a single state.

The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) is an inter-governmental organization that aims to enhance cooperation between countries and territories of Oceania, including formation of a trade bloc and regional peacekeeping operations. It was founded in 1971 as the South Pacific Forum (SPF), and changed its name in 1999 to "Pacific Islands Forum", so as to be more inclusive of the Forum's Oceania-spanning membership of both north and south Pacific island countries, including Australia. It is a United Nations General Assembly observer.[3]

The mission of the Pacific Islands Forum is "to work in support of Forum member governments, to enhance the economic and social well-being of the people of the South Pacific by fostering cooperation between governments and between international agencies, and by representing the interests of Forum members in ways agreed by the Forum". Its decisions are implemented by the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), which grew out of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation (SPEC). As well as its role in harmonising regional positions on various political and policy issues, the Forum Secretariat has technical programmes in economic development, transport and trade. The Pacific Islands Forum Secretary General is the permanent Chairman of the Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific (CROP).[4]

Australia and New Zealand are generally larger and wealthier than the other countries that make up the rest of the Forum, with Australia's population being around twice that of the other members combined and its economy being more than five times larger. They are significant aid donors and big markets for exports from the other island countries. Military and police forces as well as civilian personnel of Forum states, chiefly Australia and New Zealand, have recently been part of regional peacekeeping and stabilization operations in other states, notably in Solomon Islands (2003–) and Nauru (2004–2009), under Forum auspices. Such regional efforts are mandated by the Biketawa Declaration, which was adopted at the 31st Summit of Pacific Islands Forum Leaders, held at Kiribati in October 2000. The 50th meeting of the Forum took place in Tuvalu in August 2019. In February 2021, Palau announced that it would be leaving the Pacific Islands Forum after a dispute regarding Henry Puna's election as the Forum's secretary-general.[5][6][7] The Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Nauru also decided to leave the Forum after Palau's decision.[8][9] In February 2022, it was announced that the departure process had been paused, pending proposed reforms.[10][11] However, on 9 July 2022 Kiribati confirmed its withdrawal.[12] On 30 January 2023, Prime Minister of Fiji Sitiveni Rabuka confirmed that Kiribati has reconciled with the Pacific Islands Forum and plans to rejoin soon. Rabuka met Kiribati president Taneti Mamau who informed Rabuka of the decision.[13]

The larger Pacific Community functions mainly to promote international development by providing technical and scientific advice and funding development projects, and does not consider security issues or function as a trade bloc.

History

South Pacific Forum, August 5, 1971, Wellington

The Forum grew out of a proposal from Cook Islander Premier Albert Henry for a political forum to work alongside the existing South Pacific Commission.[14] The idea was supported by other newly-independent island nations, and they agreed to meet to discuss a permanent body.[15] The first meeting of the South Pacific Forum was initiated by New Zealand and held in Wellington, New Zealand, from 5–7 August 1971 with attendants of the following seven countries: the President of Nauru, the Prime Ministers of Western Samoa, Tonga and Fiji, the Premier of the Cook Islands, the Australian Minister for External Territories, and the Prime Minister of New Zealand.[16] It was a private and informal discussion of a wide range of issues of common concern, concentrating on matters directly affecting the daily lives of the people of the islands of the South Pacific, devoting particular attention to trade, shipping, tourism, and education. Afterwards this meeting was held annually in member countries and areas in turn. In 1999, the 30th South Pacific Forum decided to be renamed the organization to the Pacific Islands Forum, to better account for areas outside the south Pacific. Immediately after the forum's annual meeting at head of government level, the Post Forum Dialogue (PFD) is conducted at ministerial level with PFD development partners around the world.[17]

Suspension of Fiji

In August 2008, the Forum threatened to suspend Fiji if the latter did not commit to holding a general election by March 2009.[18] Subsequently, at a special leaders' meeting of the Pacific Islands Forum held in Papua New Guinea in January 2009, Forum leaders set a deadline of 1 May, by which date Fiji must set a date for elections before the end of the year. Fiji rejected the deadline. Consequently, on 2 May, Fiji was suspended indefinitely from participation in the Forum with immediate effect.[19][20] Toke Talagi, the Chair of the Pacific Islands Forum and Premier of Niue, described the suspension as "also particularly timely given the recent disturbing deterioration of the political, legal and human rights situation in Fiji since April 10, 2009".[21] He described Fiji as "a regime which displays such a total disregard for basic human rights, democracy and freedom" which he believed contravened membership of the Pacific Islands Forum.[21] Talagi emphasised, however, that Fiji had not been expelled and that it would be welcomed back into the fold when it returned to the path of "constitutional democracy, through free and fair elections".[21]

The 2009 suspension of Fiji marked the first time that a country had been suspended from the Pacific Islands Forum in the history of the then 38-year-old organization.[22]

Following the Fijian general election of 17 September 2014, the Forum lifted the suspension of Fiji on 22 October 2014.[23]

Micronesian withdrawal

Following the election of Henry Puna as Secretary-General in February 2021 during a virtual meeting,[24] Palau threatened to leave the Forum, claiming that a "gentlemen's agreement" to rotate the position between Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, had been violated.[25][26] Puna had won a ballot by one vote (9–8) against the Marshall Island's Gerald Zackios, who was supported by five nations from Micronesia.[27] On 4 February, Palau formally terminated its participation in the forum, citing that the "process regarding the appointment of the Secretary General has clearly indicated to the Republic of Palau that unity, regionalism and the Pacific Way no longer guide the Forum", and closed its embassy in Fiji.[28] On 6 February, the Forum's chair responded to the allegations, stating that there was a consensus decisions following an agreed process and that "we have upheld our principles and values as characterised through the Pacific way".[29] On 8 February the Palau National Congress formally passed a joint resolution, supporting the decision made by President Surangel Whipps Jr. to leave the Forum.[30] Whipps has stated Puna has to step down for Palau to rejoin the Forum.[27]

After Palau's decision to leave the Forum, several other participant countries have indicated their intention to review their membership. In general, the countries of Micronesia, with smaller populations and economies, have complained of being sidelined by larger countries, including Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea.[6] There had only ever been one Micronesian Secretary-General of the PIF. The day after Palau's withdrawal, MPs in the Marshall Islands, who had previously supported Zackios, called for the government to review its participation in the Forum, but opposed withdrawal.[31] The Federated States of Micronesia and Nauru have openly questioned whether they will remain members.[5] Nauru President Lionel Aingimea has signaled his intention to pull out, stating that "If this is the way Micronesia is treated, then it is better off withdrawing from the Forum".[7] Four members of the Micronesian bloc – the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Nauru – decided to hold a virtual meeting to discuss whether to exit the Forum.[7] Australia has attempted to convince the four Pacific Island nations not to pull out. While it has indicated a desire to continue to work with the Micronesian group if it chose to pull out of the Forum, it emphasized the need for Pacific unity.[32]

On 9 February 2021, the remaining Micronesian states – the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Nauru – decided to leave the Forum.[8][9][33] Micronesian leaders released a statement to "collectively express their great disappointment with the Pacific Islands Forum Secretary General appointment process", with each state jointly agreeing to formally initiate the process of withdrawal from the Forum.[9] Their departure reduces the Forum to 12 members, all of them in the South Pacific.[8] It may take up to a year for the countries to formally leave the regional body.[32] Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne has stated that "we will continue to work very closely with the members of the Pacific Forum".[34]

In February 2022, it was announced that the five Micronesian countries would pause the process of their departure.[10][11] The President of the Federated States of Micronesia, David Panuelo, said that he had been told that Henry Puna would step down as Secretary-General, and that other reforms would occur.[35] The Pacific Islands Forum secretariat did not officially confirm Puna's departure, saying only that talks were ongoing.[36] President Whipps of Palau said that the pause gave the Forum one last chance to do the right thing.[36] In April, it was reported that the President of the Marshall Islands, David Kabua, was urging other Micronesian leaders to agree to several proposed reforms but to withdraw their demand for Puna to step down.[37] In June 2022, Forum leaders reached an agreement which would see Puna remain in office, and be replaced by a Micronesian candidate when his term ended.[38] The rotation of the Secretary-General between Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia would be made a permanent feature of the Forum, and two deputy secretary-general positions would be created for the other sub-regions.[39] Kiribati did not agree to the arrangement, and on 9 July 2022 withdrew from the Forum with immediate effect.[40] Kiribati rejoined the Forum on the 24th of February 2023 following an official apology by Forum chair Sitiveni Rabuka.[41]

Membership

In September 2011, the U.S. territories of American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands were granted observer status in the Pacific Islands Forum,[42] while in September 2016 the French territories of French Polynesia and New Caledonia were granted full membership.[43][44] Easter Island (administered by Chile) and Hawaii (an oceanic state of the U.S.) have both considered gaining representation.[45] Kiribati withdrew from the Forum in 2022. The government of Kiribati changed its mind the next year in 2023 and decided to rejoin the form, making its plans clear by a meeting of President of Kiribati Taneti Mamau with Prime Minister of Fiji Sitiveni Rabuka where Mamau told Rabuka about Kiribati's plan. Rabuka confirmed to the media that such a meeting did take place and stated that Kiribati has reconciled with the Pacific Islands Forum and will rejoin the Fourm soon.[46]


Map indicating the members and associate members of the Pacific Islands Forum

Member nations[47]
 Australia (AU) Cook Islands (CK) Fiji (FJ) French Polynesia (PF)[43]
 Kiribati (KI) Marshall Islands (MH) Micronesia (FM) Nauru (NR)[43]
 New Caledonia (NC) New Zealand (NZ) Niue (NU) Palau (PW)
 Papua New Guinea (PG) Samoa (WS) Solomon Islands (SB) Tonga (TO)
 Tuvalu (TV) Vanuatu (VU)
Associate member Observers
 Tokelau (TK)[43][48] American Samoa (AS) Guam (GU) Northern Mariana Islands (MP)
 Timor-Leste (TL) Wallis and Futuna (WF)[49]ACP Secretariat
Asian Development Bank Commonwealth Secretariat IOM
 United Nations Secretariat WCPFC World Bank
Dialogue partners
 Canada Chile  China (CN)  Cuba
 European Union France Germany India
 Indonesia (ID) Italy Japan Malaysia (MY)
 Norway  Philippines (PH)  Singapore[50]  South Korea
 Spain  Thailand  Turkey  United Kingdom
 United States (US)
Development partner
 Taiwan (TW)[51]

Statistics

Regions
Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia
Population and economic statistics of full and associate members
Member Land area
(km2)[52]		 Population
(2020)		 GDP (USD), 2020 Human
Development
Index (2019)
total
(millions)[53]		 Per capita
 Australia 7,741,220 25,882,100 1,423,473 55,823 0.944
 Cook Islands 236 17,459 283 16,135 —
 Fiji 18,274 926,276 4,494 5,013 0.743
 French Polynesia 4,167 275,918 5,817 20,707 —
 Kiribati 811 119,940 181 1,515 0.630
 Marshall Islands 181 54,590 244 4,130 0.704
 Micronesia 702 105,503 403 3,500 0.620
 Nauru 21 11,690 135 12,510 —
 New Caledonia 18,575 273,015 9,709 34,006 —
 New Zealand 268,838 4,900,000 212,044 43,972 0.931
 Niue 260 1,562 — — —
 Palau 459 17,930 264 14,567 0.826
 Papua New Guinea 462,840 8,934,475 23,619 2,640 0.555
 Samoa 2,831 198,646 772 3,890 0.715
 Solomon Islands 28,896 712,071 1,546 2,251 0.567
 Tokelau1 12 1,506 — — —
 Tonga 747 99,780 491 4,646 0.725
 Tuvalu 26 10,580 55 4,648 —
 Vanuatu 12,189 294,688 855 2,783 0.609
Total 8,546,152 42,837,729 1,684,385 13,690 0.714

1 Associate member

Secretaries General

The Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat is appointed to a three-year term by the leaders of the member states.[54] The Secretary General reports directly to the national leaders and the Forum Officials' Committee (FOC).[54] The Secretary General also automatically serves as the permanent chairman of the Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific (CROP).[54]

#NameCountryTook officeLeft office
Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation
1Mahe Tupouniua[55] TongaNovember 19721980
2Gabriel Gris[55] Papua New Guinea19801982 (died in office)
John Sheppard (acting)[55] Australia1982January 1983
3Mahe Tupouniua[55] TongaJanuary 1983January 1986
4Henry Naisali[55] TuvaluJanuary 1986September 1988
Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum
Henry Naisali[55] TuvaluSeptember 1988January 1992
5Ieremia Tabai[55] KiribatiJanuary 1992January 1998
6Noel Levi[55] Papua New GuineaFebruary 199816 May 2004
7Greg Urwin[56] Australia16 May 20042 May 2008 (resigned)
Feleti Teo (acting)[57] Tuvalu2 May 200813 October 2008
8Tuiloma Neroni Slade[58] Samoa13 October 20084 December 2014
9Meg Taylor[59] Papua New Guinea4 December 20144 February 2021
10Henry Puna[60] Cook Islands4 February 2021Incumbent
Library and archives building at the Secretariat complex in Suva, Fiji.

The Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat was established initially as a trade bureau in 1972 and later became the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation (SPEC). The name South Pacific Forum Secretariat was approved by member governments in 1988 and changed to Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat in 2000.[61]

There are four divisions in the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, and each of these divisions has direct responsibility for a range of programs designed to improve the capacity of the Forum member countries and to co-ordinate action on matters of common interest:

  1. Development and Economic Policy
  2. Trade and Investment
  3. Political, International and Legal Affairs
  4. Corporate Services

The Forum Economic Ministers Meeting (FEMM) established in 1995, plays a key role in assessing regional economic developments.[62]

Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement

The Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA)[63] aims to establish a free-trade area between 14 of the Pacific Islands Forum countries. As of 2013, it had been signed by 12 states:[64]

  • Cook Islands
  • Fiji
  • Kiribati
  • Micronesia
  • Nauru
  • Niue
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Samoa
  • Solomon Islands
  • Tonga
  • Tuvalu
  • Vanuatu

It has not been signed by either Palau or the Marshall Islands. All of the signing states have ratified the treaty, with the exception of Micronesia. As of March 2008, six countries had announced that domestic arrangements had been made enabling them to trade under the agreement:[64] Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands,[65] and Vanuatu.[66]

After the trade agreement goes into force, countries commit to removing tariffs on most goods by 2021. As of April 2008, The Forum Island Countries are also negotiating an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the European Union. It is important to note that the PICTA discussed here covers only the trade of goods. At the Forum Island Leaders Meeting held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands on 28 August 2012, nine members signed the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement Trade in Services (PICTA TIS).[67] As of April 2008, there is an ongoing negotiation to design and agree on a protocol to include trade in services and the temporary movement of natural persons (a broader concept than the GATS's Mode 4).[68]

The Office of the Chief Trade Adviser was established on 29 March 2010 to provide independent advice and support to the Pacific Forum Island Countries (FICs) in the PACER Plus trade negotiations with Australia and New Zealand.[69]


Blue Pacific - collective security interests of member states

The Biketawa Declaration (2000) on collective security committed Pacific Islands Forum members to eight values, including good governance, liberty of the individual, democratic processes, indigenous rights and cultural values, traditions and customs, and recognising the importance and urgency of equitable economic, social and cultural development to satisfy the basic needs and aspirations of the peoples of the Forum.[70]

The Boe Declaration (2018) of Regional Security is a declaration agreed to by all the leaders of the Pacific Islands Forum on 5 September 2018,[71] which declaration is a framework for coordinating response to regional crises, and sets out an expanded concept of security.[72] The Boe Declaration extended the Biketawa Declaration (2000) to include issues of human security, environmental security, transnational crime, and cybersecurity.[71][73]

The expanded concept of security set out in the Boe Declaration has been applied in the Falepili Union between Tuvalu and Australia (2023).[74][75][76]

Recent works

An "open skies" policy has been under work by a number of nations. The Pacific Islands Air Services Agreement or PIASA would allow member nations to have more access for their airlines to other member countries. To date there have been ten signatories, Cook Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Six countries have ratified the agreement: Cook Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu.[77]

At the 19–20 August 2008 Pacific Islands Forum meeting in Niue, the leaders discussed Pacific Plan priorities including, "fisheries, energy, trade and economic integration, climate change and transport, in addition to information and communication technology, health, education, and good governance." Leaders also discussed the impacts of climate change and adopted the Niue Declaration on Climate Change. Restoration of democratic governance in Fiji was discussed as were consequences should the interim government fail to meet established deadlines.[78] Regional assistance to the Solomon Islands and Nauru was discussed, followed by discussion of radioactive contamination in the Marshall Islands from US government tests. Regional institutional framework issues and WTO Doha round developments were discussed, followed by discussion of country-initiatives and the Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility launched 19 August 2008 to provide up to A$200 million over four years to help improve infrastructure in Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.[47] The United Nations announced that it would partner with Samoa to develop an Inter-Agency Climate Change Centre to help Pacific island nations combat the impacts of climate change in the region.[79] In the 2013 forum, the Marshall Islands, supported by all other Pacific nations, claimed compensation from the United States for the nuclear tests conducted on the islands during the 1940s and 1950s.[80][81]

In the Nadi Bay declaration of 30 July 2019, the Pacific Islands Forum warned that coral atoll nations could be uninhabitable as early as 2030, expressed their deeply concern about a lack of "comprehension, ambition or commitment" from developed nations and called for an immediate reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.[82][83]

On 27 January 2021, the European Union and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat agreed a project worth EUR 5.75 million to enhance the trade capacity of Pacific Island countries. The project titled "Strengthening Pacific Intra-Regional and International Trade (SPIRIT)" is designed to boost and increase intra-regional and international trade by strengthening institutional and technical capacity in the Pacific Island region. It will also facilitate the implementation of other trade agreements, in particular the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) and of the Pacific's Aid-for-Trade Strategy 2020–2025.[84]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the Exclusive Economic Zones of each member state, the total area is 37 894 287 km2.
  2. ↑ "Population Statistics". Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  3. ↑ "Intergovernmental and Other Organizations". United Nations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021.
  4. ↑ Unattributed. "About Us". Pacific Islands Forum web site. Pacific Islands Forum. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  5. 1 2 "Future of Pacific Islands Forum in doubt as Palau walks out". the Guardian. 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  6. 1 2 Cave, Damien (2021-02-05). "Pacific Islands' Most Important Megaphone Falls Into Discord". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  7. 1 2 3 "Key Pacific body in crisis as Palau walks out". France 24. 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  8. 1 2 3 "Five Micronesian countries leave Pacific Islands Forum". RNZ. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
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  11. 1 2 "Puna set to go to heal Pacific rift". RNZ. 2022-02-15. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  12. ↑ "Kiribati withdraws from Pacific Islands Forum". Radio New Zealand. 10 July 2022.
  13. ↑ Lyons, Kate (2023-01-30). "Kiribati to return to Pacific Islands Forum at vital moment for regional diplomacy". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  14. ↑ "Albert Henry wants a new South Pacific forum". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. 41, no. 6. 1 June 1970. p. 26. Retrieved 20 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ↑ "WELLINGTON CONFERENCE MEANS NEW ERA OF PACIFIC ALLIANCES". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. 42, no. 8. 1 August 1971. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 20 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ↑ "THINGS THE LEADERS TALKED ABOUT AT THE SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. 42, no. 9. 1 September 1971. pp. 54–55. Retrieved 20 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ↑ The Pacific Islands Forum (Former South Pacific Forum)- Pacific Regional Order, pp 58–80, by Dave Peebles- Retrieved 2017-01-08
  18. ↑ "Solomon's Prime Minister says all Forum members backed suspension threat". Radio New Zealand International. 24 August 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  19. ↑ Statement by Forum Chair on suspension of the Fiji military regime from the Pacific Islands Forum Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine; PIFS Press Statement 21/09, 2 May 2009
  20. ↑ "Chair of Pacific Islands Forum says Fiji has been suspended". Radio New Zealand International. 2 May 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  21. 1 2 3 "Fiji suspended from Pacific Islands Forum". Xinhua News Agency. 2009-05-02. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
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  25. ↑ "Future of Pacific Islands Forum in doubt as Palau walks out". The Guardian. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  26. ↑ "Palau preparing to leave Pacific Islands Forum". RNZ. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  27. 1 2 "Top Pacific regional body on verge of split over controversial election of new leader". www.abc.net.au. 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  28. ↑ "Note No. 003/MSFJ/2021" (PDF). uploads.guim.co.uk. the government of Palau will be terminating its participation in the Pacific Islands' Forum
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  30. ↑ "Palau congress backs withdrawal from Pacific Forum". RNZ. 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  31. ↑ "Marshalls MPs call for re-evaluating, not dropping, ties to Forum". Radio New Zealand. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  32. 1 2 Galloway, Anthony (2021-02-08). "Pacific Islands Forum on brink of collapse over leadership dispute". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  33. ↑ Sapeer Mayron (9 February 2021). "Walkout plunges P.I.F. into crisis". Samoa Observer. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  34. ↑ "Australia watches Pacific forum splinter". SBS News. 9 Feb 2021.
  35. ↑ Dziedzic, Stephen (2022-02-14). "Pacific Islands Forum's head to be replaced, FSM President David Panuelo says, after leadership dispute". ABC. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  36. 1 2 "Forum rump given one last chance - Whipps". RNZ. 2022-02-15. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  37. ↑ Johnson, Giff (2022-03-24). "Marshalls President calls for Forum 'peace'". RNZ. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  38. ↑ "Pacific leaders strike a deal to keep Micronesian nations from splitting with Pacific Islands Forum". ABC. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  39. ↑ "Pacific Islands Forum rift mended in Suva". RNZ. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  40. ↑ "Kiribati withdraws from Pacific Islands Forum". RNZ. 11 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  41. ↑ "Communique of the 2023 Pacific Islands Forum Special Leaders Retreat" (Press release). Nadi, Fiji. Pacific Islands Forum. 24 February 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  42. ↑ "American Samoa's Tulafono pleased to be part of Pacific family". Radio New Zealand International. 2011-09-09. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
  43. 1 2 3 4 "Forum Communiqué, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia" (PDF). Forty-Seventh Pacific Islands Forum. Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. 2016-09-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
  44. ↑ Maclellan, Nic (13 October 2016). "France and the Forum". Inside Story. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  45. ↑ "Pacific forum looks to widen entry - ABC News". ABC News. Abc.net.au. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  46. ↑ Lyons, Kate (2023-01-30). "Kiribati to return to Pacific Islands Forum at vital moment for regional diplomacy". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  47. 1 2 "Forum Communiqué, Alofi, Niue" (PDF). Thirty-Ninth Pacific Islands Forum. Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2008-08-22. The Niue Declaration on Climate Change is Appendix B of this document.
  48. ↑ "Tokelau happy as forum associate member". Pacific News. Radio New Zealand International. 2016-09-27. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  49. ↑ Unattributed (2008-08-22). "Decision on Wallis bid to join Forum (as Associate Member) deferred". Latest Pacific News Headlines. Radio New Zealand International. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
  50. ↑ "Singapore Admitted as Dialogue Partner of the Pacific Islands Forum". www.mfa.gov.sg.
  51. ↑ 國際組織參與現狀
  52. ↑ "Land area rankings". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  53. ↑ "United Nations" (2010 Data).
  54. 1 2 3 Vula, Timoci (2011-09-09). "Slade back at the helm". Fiji Times. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bercovitch, Jacob; Fretter, Judith (2004). Regional Guide to International Conflict and Management from 1945 to 2003. \Washington DC: CQ Press. p. 328. doi:10.4135/9781452240169. ISBN 978-1-56802-825-5.
  56. ↑ "Urwin resigns as head of Pac forum: report - ABC News". amp.abc.net.au. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  57. ↑ "New Forum Secretary General promises to restore stability to the agency". RNZ. 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  58. ↑ Williams, Marc; McDuie-Ra, Duncan (2017-12-14). "Organizing a Regional Response to Climate Change in the Pacific". Combatting Climate Change in the Pacific. Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69647-8_2. ISBN 9783319696478. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  59. ↑ "Outgoing P.I.F. Secretary-General's fond farewell". Samoa Observer. 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  60. ↑ "Former Cook Islands PM is the new Secretary General of the PIF". RNZ. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  61. ↑ "Pacific Islands Forum". The Statesman's Yearbook 2018. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2018. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-70154-4_102.
  62. ↑ Dave Peebles -Pacific Regional Order 2005 1920942467- Page 141 "As discussed in Chapter Four, in 1995 the Forum instituted a new annual meeting, the Forum Economic Ministers Meeting (FEMM). According to the Forum Secretariat, the FEMM 'plays a key role in assessing regional economic developments, ...
  63. ↑ "Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  64. 1 2 "PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES TRADE AGREEMENT (PICTA): STATUS REPORT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  65. ↑ "Solomon Islands Ready to Trade Under PICTA", Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat
  66. ↑ "Vanuatu ready to trade under PICTA", People's Daily Online
  67. ↑ http://www.forumsec.org/resources/uploads/attachments/documents/PICTA_TIS_Protocol_2012.pdf Protocol
  68. ↑ Pacific Trade in Services Negotiations – First Round, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat
  69. ↑ "Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat : Chief Trade Adviser on board" (Press release). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. 2010-02-19. Archived from the original on 2012-02-26. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  70. ↑ "Biketawa Declaration" (PDF). Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands. July 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  71. 1 2 "Boe Declaration on Regional Security". Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  72. ↑ Anna Naupa, Murray Ackman & Patrick Tuimalealiifano (3 October 2018). "Boe Declaration: navigating an uncertain Pacific". Lowy Institute. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  73. ↑ Tess Newton Cain (2020). "Let's Hear It for the Boe". Security Challenges, Special Issue: How Does the 'Pacific' Fit into the 'Indo-Pacific'?. 16 (1): 32–36. JSTOR 26908765.
  74. ↑ "Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty". Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  75. ↑ "Joint Statement on the Falepili Union between Tuvalu and Australia". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  76. ↑ Daniel Hurst and Josh Butler (10 November 2023). "Australia to offer residency to Tuvalu citizens displaced by climate change". The Guardian. The Guardian Australia. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  77. ↑ "Pacific Islands Air Services Agreement". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  78. ↑ Gao (2008-08-22). "Fiji ministers "angry" at Pacific Islands Forum's suspension warning". World. Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on August 26, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-23. "Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said Pacific leaders were losing patience with Fiji's interim government. He said Australia will mobilize any resources necessary to restore democracy to Fiji."
  79. ↑ Unattributed (2008-08-19). "UN to Help Pacific Island States Fight Climate Change". Environment News Service. Archived from the original on 2014-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  80. ↑ Unattributed (2013-09-19). "Nuclear contamination still an issue for Marshall Islands". Radio Australia. Retrieved 2013-09-19.
  81. ↑ Unattributed (2013-09-19). "Marshall Islands minister unhappy with John Key nuclear response". Radio New Zealand International. Retrieved 2013-09-19.
  82. ↑ Adam Morton (2019-08-01). "Pacific leaders plead with Australia to drop plans to carry over emissions credits". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  83. ↑ "Nadi Bay Declaration on the Climate Change Crisis in the Pacific". 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  84. ↑ "European Union provides FJD 14.3 million to strengthen Pacific Trade Capacity". United Nations. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
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