OpenGEX
Filename extension
.ogex
Internet media type
model/vnd.opengex
Developed byEric Lengyel
Initial release21 December 2013 (2013-12-21)
Latest release
3.0
2 February 2021 (2021-02-02)
Type of format3D computer graphics
Extended fromOpenDDL
Open format?Yes
Websiteopengex.org

The Open Game Engine Exchange (OpenGEX) format is a text-based file format designed to facilitate the transfer of complex 3D scene data between applications such as modeling tools and game engines. The OpenGEX format is built upon the data structure concepts defined by the Open Data Description Language (OpenDDL), a generic language for the storage of arbitrary data in human-readable format. The OpenGEX file format is registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) as the model/vnd.opengex media type.[1]

The OpenGEX format is defined by the Open Game Engine Exchange Specification,[2] which is available on the official website opengex.org.

Export plugins that write the OpenGEX format are available for Autodesk Maya and 3D Studio Max.

Format

At the most basic level, an OpenGEX file consists of a node hierarchy, a set of objects, a set of materials, and some additional information about global units and axis orientation. The various node, object, and material structures contain all of the details such as geometric data and animation tracks within a hierarchy of additional types of structures defined by OpenGEX. The following types of data can appear in an OpenGEX file:

  • Hierarchical scene organization (node trees).
  • Node and object transforms (4×4 matrices, translations, rotations, and scales).
  • Geometry objects, light objects, and camera objects.
  • Meshes composed of vertex attribute arrays and index arrays for multiple levels of detail.
  • Skinned meshes (skeleton, bind-pose transforms, bone influence weighting data).
  • Multiple morph targets for meshes and animated morph weights.
  • Keyframe animation with linear, Bézier, and TCB animation curves.
  • Material colors and textures (diffuse, specular, normal, emission, opacity, transparency).

Example

A very simple example of a complete OpenGEX file describing a green cube is shown in the listing below. It begins with a group of Metric structures that define the units of measurement and the global up direction. Those are followed by a single GeometryNode structure that provides the name and transform for the cube. The geometric data for the cube is stored in the GeometryObject structure that is referenced by the geometry node. The geometry object structure contains a single mesh of triangle primitives that includes per-vertex positions, normals, and texture coordinates. Finally, the Material structure at the end of the file contains the green diffuse reflection color.

Metric (key = "distance") {float {0.01}}
Metric (key = "up") {string {"z"}}

GeometryNode $node1
{
    Name {string {"Cube"}}
    ObjectRef {ref {$geometry1}}
    MaterialRef {ref {$material1}}

    Transform
    {
        float[12]
        {
            {1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
             0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
             0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
             50.0, 50.0, 0.0}
        }
    }
}

GeometryObject $geometry1        // Cube
{
    Mesh (primitive = "triangles")
    {
        VertexArray (attrib = "position")
        {
            float[3]        // 24
            {
                {-50.0, -50.0, 0.0}, {-50.0, 50.0, 0.0},
                {50.0, 50.0, 0.0}, {50.0, -50.0, 0.0},
                {-50.0, -50.0, 100.0}, {50.0, -50.0, 100.0},
                {50.0, 50.0, 100.0}, {-50.0, 50.0, 100.0},
                {-50.0, -50.0, 0.0}, {50.0, -50.0, 0.0},
                {50.0, -50.0, 100.0}, {-50.0, -50.0, 100.0},
                {50.0, -50.0, 0.0}, {50.0, 50.0, 0.0},
                {50.0, 50.0, 100.0}, {50.0, -50.0, 100.0},
                {50.0, 50.0, 0.0}, {-50.0, 50.0, 0.0},
                {-50.0, 50.0, 100.0}, {50.0, 50.0, 100.0},
                {-50.0, 50.0, 0.0}, {-50.0, -50.0, 0.0},
                {-50.0, -50.0, 100.0}, {-50.0, 50.0, 100.0}
            }
        }

        VertexArray (attrib = "normal")
        {
            float[3]        // 24
            {
                {0.0, 0.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, -1.0},
                {0.0, 0.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0},
                {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, -1.0, 0.0},
                {0.0, -1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, -1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, -1.0, 0.0},
                {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
                {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0},
                {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {-1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
                {-1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {-1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {-1.0, 0.0, 0.0}
            }
        }

        VertexArray (attrib = "texcoord")
        {
            float[2]        // 24
            {
                {1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0},
                {0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0},
                {0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0},
                {0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0},
                {0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0},
                {0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 1.0}
            }
        }

        IndexArray
        {
            uint32[3]        // 12
            {
                {0, 1, 2}, {2, 3, 0}, {4, 5, 6}, {6, 7, 4}, {8, 9, 10},
                {10, 11, 8}, {12, 13, 14}, {14, 15, 12}, {16, 17, 18},
                {18, 19, 16}, {20, 21, 22}, {22, 23, 20}
            }
        }
    }
}

Material $material1
{
    Name {string {"Green"}}

    Color (attrib = "diffuse") {float[3] {{0, 1, 0}}}
}

History

The development of the OpenGEX format was funded by a crowd-sourcing campaign[3] that ended on May 8, 2013. As the format was being designed, the Open Data Description Language was also created as a generic base language upon which OpenGEX was built. Support for the OpenGEX format was originally implemented in C4 Engine version 3.5.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "IANA Media Types, Model".
  2. ↑ Lengyel, Eric (2021). Open Game Engine Exchange Specification, Version 3.0. Terathon Software LLC. ISBN 978-0-9858117-8-5.
  3. ↑ "Open 3D Model Exchange Format and Exporters for Popular Software".
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