People's Republic of China Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao
Biodata page
TypeTravel document
Issued byChina
First issuedc. 1980s
One-way Permit
Traditional Chinese中華人民共和國前往港澳通行證
Simplified Chinese中华人民共和国前往港澳通行证
One-way Permit
Traditional Chinese單程證
Simplified Chinese单程证

A People's Republic of China Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao, or One-way Permit, is a document issued by the People's Republic of China allowing residents of mainland China to leave the mainland permanently to settle in Hong Kong or Macau.[1]

The scheme was introduced in 1980s.[2] The travel restriction was needed to prevent large volumes of people coming to Hong Kong or Macau and preventing illegal immigration.[3]

Citizen rights

When settling to Hong Kong or Macau, the household registration in the mainland is relinquished, however, a person needs to reside in the SAR for 7 years for the permanent resident status, which grants citizenship rights. Therefore, before the person can acquire permanent resident status, he/she is effectively a second-class citizen in the SAR, without citizen rights (e.g. getting a passport) in both mainland China and the SAR.

Selected statistics on One-way Permit Holders (OWPHs)

YearNo. of OWPHsOWPHs aged 15+Remaining quota by yearMedian age
20024523430945951629
20035350738640124330
200438072267521667829
20055510640568-35629
2006541703777958027
200733865247982088528
200841610314351314028
20094858738854616329
20104262434071121629
201143379359161137131
2012546464772125436
20134503137797971933
201440496326271425432
201538338314231641232
20165738747358-248732
20174697138740777932
201842331350021256933
201939060313581569032
20201013479744476632
202117919140263683131

[4]

As of the end of 2016, approximately 950,000 mainland migrants came from the program, representing about 12.8% of Hong Kong's total population.[5]

Controversy

Although the permit is specifically for the purpose of family reunion, not for general immigration,[6] the scheme is controversial. Hong Kong currently has a quota of 150 people per day and the waiting time for spouses is currently 4 years.[7] Journalist Ching Cheong alleges that the scheme, whose beneficiaries are at the sole discretion of the PRC government and outside of the vetting procedures of the Hong Kong Immigration Department, is an infiltration mechanism by spies and friends of the regime into Hong Kong; those that are not filled by spies become a graft mechanism for officials.[8][9] Martin Lee said that the policy is part of the CPC's strategy of long-run "Tibetisation" of Hong Kong, aimed at marginalising Hong Kong people and their core values over time.[9][10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Press Releases — LCQ17: One-way Permit, Government Information Centre, Hong Kong.
  2. ↑ Hong Kong doctors join localist protest against one-way permit scheme, as mainland migrant influx blamed for stretched hospitals
  3. ↑ Arrangement for Entry to Hong Kong from Mainland China Archived 1 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Immigration Department, Hong Kong.
  4. ↑ "Home Affairs Department - Public Services - Services for the New Arrivals from The Mainland - Questionnaire Survey". www.had.gov.hk. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  5. ↑ "Number of mainlanders moving to Hong Kong drops by almost 15,000". South China Morning Post. 15 August 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  6. ↑ "The Past and Future of the One Way Permit Scheme in the Context of a Population Policy for Hong Kong http://www.bauhinia.org/pdf/research/20080828/OWP_Report.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  7. ↑ "LCQ2: One-way permit scheme". www.info.gov.hk. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  8. ↑ 程翔, 從十八大看香港地下黨規模 Archived 24 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Sina Corporation. Ming Pao, 7 November 2012.
  9. 1 2 Hung, Ho-fung. "Three Views of Local Consciousness in Hong Kong". The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 12; Issue 44, No. 1; 3 November 2014.
  10. ↑ Lee, Martin (29 September 2012). "香港西藏化". Next Magazine.
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