| Nyikina | |
|---|---|
| Region | Lower Fitzroy River, Western Australia |
| Ethnicity | Nyigina |
Native speakers | 61 (2016 census)[1] |
Nyulnyulan
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nyh |
| Glottolog | nyig1240 |
| AIATSIS[2] | K3 |
| ELP | Nyikina |
Nyikina (also Nyigina, Njigina) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia, spoken by the Nyigina people.
Warrwa may have been a dialect.
Classification
R. M. W. Dixon (2002) regards Nyikina, Warrwa, Yawuru and Jukun as a single language.
Nyikina is placed in the Nyulnyulan family of non-Pama–Nyungan languages.
Map of the traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around Derby, Western Australia.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Plosive | b | ɡ | ɟ | d | ɖ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| Lateral | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | ||
- Sounds /ɟ, ɡ/, when following /l/ or in intervocalic positions, can be heard as [j, ɣ].
- /ɾ/ can also occasionally occur as a trill [r].[4]
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Low | a | |
| Phoneme | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /i/ | [i], [ɪ] |
| /a/ | [ä], [ɑ], [ʌ], [æ] |
| /u/ | [u], [ʊ] |
See also
References
- ↑ "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". stat.data.abs.gov.au. ABS. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ↑ K3 Nyikina at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ↑ This map is indicative only.
- ↑ Stokes, Bronwyn (1982). A Description of Nyigina, A Language of West Kimberley, Western Australia. Canberra: Australian National University.
- Capell, A. (1952–1953). "Notes on the Njigina and Warwa tribes, N.W. Australia". Mankind. 4 (9): 351–360, 450–496. doi:10.1111/j.1835-9310.1952.tb00261.x.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.
- Muecke, Stephen (2004). "A Chance to Hear a Nyigina Song". In Ryan, J. (ed.). Imagining Australia: Literature and Culture in the New New World. Wallace-Crabbe, C. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Committee on Australian Studies. pp. 123–135. ISBN 978-0-674-01573-9.
- Stokes, B. (1982). A description of Nyigina, a language of the West Kimberley, Western Australia. PhD dissertation. Australian National University.
External links
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