Neil MacGregor

OM AO FSA
MacGregor in 2018
Born
Robert Neil MacGregor

(1946-06-16) 16 June 1946
Glasgow, Scotland
EducationThe Glasgow Academy, Scotland
Alma materNew College, Oxford
École Normale Supérieure
University of Edinburgh
Courtauld Institute of Art
Occupation(s)Art historian and museum director

Robert Neil MacGregor OM AO FSA (born 16 June 1946) is a British art historian and former museum director. He was editor of the Burlington Magazine from 1981 to 1987, then Director of the National Gallery, London, from 1987 to 2002, Director of the British Museum from 2003 to 2009,[1] and founding director of the Humboldt Forum in Berlin until 2018.[2]

Biography

Neil MacGregor was born in Glasgow to two medical doctors, Alexander and Anna MacGregor. He was educated at Glasgow Academy and then read modern languages at New College, Oxford, where he is now an honorary fellow.

The period that followed was spent studying philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris (coinciding with the events of May 1968), and as a law student at Edinburgh University, where he received the Green Prize. Despite being called to the bar in 1972, MacGregor next decided to take an art history degree. The following year, on a Courtauld Institute (University of London) summer school in Bavaria, the Courtauld's director Anthony Blunt spotted MacGregor and persuaded him to take a master's degree under his supervision.[3] Blunt later considered MacGregor "the most brilliant pupil he ever taught".[4]

From 1975 to 1981, MacGregor taught History of Art and Architecture at the University of Reading. He left to assume the editorship of The Burlington Magazine. He oversaw the transfer of the magazine from the Thomson Corporation to an independent not-for-profit company with charitable status.[5]

In 1987 MacGregor became director of the National Gallery in London. During his directorship, MacGregor presented three BBC television series on art: Painting the World in 1995, Making Masterpieces, a behind-the-scenes tour of the National Gallery, in 1997 and Seeing Salvation, on the representation of Jesus in western art, in 2000. He declined the offer of a knighthood in 1999, the first director of the National Gallery to do so.[6]

Directorship of the British Museum

MacGregor in front of a British Museum display on Sutton Hoo in 2010

MacGregor was made director of the British Museum in August 2002, at a time when that institution was £5 million in deficit. He has been lauded for his "diplomatic" approach to the post, though MacGregor rejects this description, stating that "diplomat is conventionally taken to mean the promotion of the interests of a particular state and that is not what we are about at all".[6]

His tenure included exhibitions that were more provocative than the museum had previously shown and some told stories from perspectives that were less Eurocentric than previously, including a project about the Muslim Hajj. He sparked debate with his claim that the ancient Persian empire was greater than Ancient Greece.[7]

In 2010, MacGregor presented a series on BBC Radio 4 and the World Service entitled A History of the World in 100 Objects, based on one hundred artefacts held in the British Museum's collection.[8]

From September 2010 to January 2011 the British Museum lent the ancient Persian Cyrus Cylinder to an exhibition in Tehran, Iran. This was seen by at least a million visitors on the Museum's estimation, more than any loan exhibition to the United Kingdom had attracted since the Treasures of Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972.[9]

Holding tenure when the Acropolis Museum in Athens was completed, MacGregor followed previous Directors in arguing against returning the sculptures from the Parthenon (the "Elgin Marbles") to Greece.[10] A poll in 2014 suggested that more British people (37%) supported the marbles' restoration to Greece than opposed it (23%).[11] MacGregor argued that it is the British Museum's duty to "preserve the universality of the marbles, and to protect them from being appropriated as a nationalistic political symbol",[12] and that "there is no legal system in Europe that would challenge the [British Museum's] legal title" to the works.[13] The legal basis of various Ottoman documents, now lost, to which the British Museum has traditionally appealed in order to claim ownership of the sculptures is disputed.[14][15] Under the directorship of MacGregor, the Museum rejected UNESCO mediation.[16][17]

In January 2008, MacGregor was appointed chairman of the World Collections programme, for training international curators at British museums.[18] The exhibition The First Emperor, focussing on Qin Shi Huang and including a small number of his Terracotta Warriors, was mounted in 2008 in the British Museum Reading Room. That year MacGregor was invited to succeed Philippe de Montebello as the Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He declined the offer as the Metropolitan charges its visitors for entry and is thus "not a public institution".[6]

As of 2015, MacGregor was paid a salary of between £190,000 and £194,999 by the British Museum, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.[19] MacGregor retired from the post in December 2015 and was succeeded in spring 2016 by Hartwig Fischer, till then the director of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden ("Dresden State Art Collections").[20]

Directorship of the Humboldt Forum

Model of the rebuilt Berlin Palace, home of the Humboldt Forum

On 8 April 2015, MacGregor announced his retirement as Director of the British Museum.[21] It was announced that MacGregor would become founding director and head of the management committee of the Humboldt Forum in Berlin, and that he would make recommendations to the German government on how the future museum could draw on the resources of the Berlin collections to "become a place where different narratives of world cultures can be explored and debated". Archaeologist Hermann Parzinger and art historian Horst Bredekamp were the co-directors of the management committee.[22][23]

One of MacGregor's proposals was to make admission to the museum free of charge, based on the model of the British Museum.[24] In 2018, MacGregor left the post.[2]

Media projects

MacGregor has made many programmes for British television and radio. In the year 2000, he presented on television Seeing Salvation, about how Jesus had been depicted in famous paintings. More recently, he has made important contributions on BBC Radio 4, including A History of the World in 100 Objects and, in 2012, a series of fifteen-minute programmes after The World at One called Shakespeare's Restless World, discussing themes in the plays of William Shakespeare.[25]

In September 2014 UK domestic transmission started of his similarly formatted series Germany: Memories of a Nation on BBC Radio 4, with a major supporting exhibition at the British Museum. This series did not limit itself to physical objects but places of memory, including for example the forest.[26]

In 2017, MacGregor hosted a BBC Radio Four series Living with the Gods, on expressions of religious faith, liaising with Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Director of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya in Mumbai, on the presentation of world cultures.[27][28]

At the beginning of 2019, MacGregor presented a programme called "As Others See Us" on BBC Radio Four. This programme looked at how his own country (the United Kingdom) was seen by other countries around the world.

In 2021, he gave a series of lectures at the “Chaire du Louvre” in Paris. The following year, MacGregor presented the BBC Radio 4 series The Museums That Make Us in which he visited local, regional, and city museums throughout the UK.[29]

Personal life

MacGregor was listed in The Independent's 2007 list of "most influential gay people"[30] and was single as of January 2010.[31]

On 4 November 2010, MacGregor was appointed to the Order of Merit by Queen Elizabeth II.[32] On 25 March 2013 MacGregor was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) by the Governor-General of Australia Quentin Bryce, "for service to promoting Australia and Australian art in the United Kingdom".[33]

In April 2023, MacGregor was one of the 22 personal guests at the ceremony in which former German Chancellor Angela Merkel was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit for special achievement by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at Schloss Bellevue in Berlin.[34]

Awards

Publications

  • A Victim of Anonymity: The Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece. Walter Neurath Memorial Lectures. Thames & Hudson. 1994. ISBN 9780500550267.
  • Seeing Salvation: Images of Christ in Art. Yale University Press. 2000. ISBN 9780300084788.
  • A History of the World in 100 Objects. Allen Lane. 2011. ISBN 9781846144134.
  • Shakespeare's Restless World: An Unexpected History in Twenty Objects. Penguin. 2014. ISBN 978-0718195700.
  • Germany: Memories of a Nation. Allen Lane. 2014. ISBN 9780241008331.
  • Living with the Gods: On Beliefs and Peoples. Alfred A. Knopf. 2018. ISBN 9780525521464.

See also

References

  1. ↑ theguardian.com 8 April 2015
  2. 1 2 "Neil MacGregor | Humboldt Forum".
  3. ↑ Carter, Miranda (8 November 2001). "Spy who came in from the Courtauld". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
  4. ↑ Adams, Tim (8 June 2003). "His place in history". The Observer. London. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  5. ↑ "(Robert) Neil MacGregor". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 Campbell-Johnson, Rachel (27 December 2008). "Briton of the Year: Neil MacGregor". The Times. London. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  7. ↑ Jonathan Jones, Neil MacGregor saved the British Museum. It’s time to reinvent it again, the Guardian, 8 April 2015.
  8. ↑ "The Story of Humanity Told Through '100 Objects'". PBS NewsHour. [PBS]. 7 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  9. ↑ Hoyle, Ben (18 April 2008). "Negotiations over first bill of rights allows access to Ahmedinejad regime". The Times (Syndicated in The Australian). Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  10. ↑ "Neil MacGregor: 'There is no possibility of putting the Elgin Marbles back'". The Times. 7 November 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  11. ↑ "British people tend to want Elgin marbles returned". Yougov.co.uk. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  12. ↑ Pierce, Andrew (11 May 2009). "Greek government unveils new home for Elgin Marbles". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  13. ↑ Lacayo, Richard (5 November 2007). "A Talk: With Neil MacGregor". Time. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  14. ↑ David Rudenstein (29 May 2000). "Did Elgin Cheat at Marbles?". Nation. 270 (21): 30. Yet no researcher has ever located this Ottoman document and when l was in Istanbul I searched in vain for it or any copy of it, or any reference to it in other sorts of documents or a description of its substantive terms in any related official papers. Although a document of some sort may have existed, it seems to have vanished into thin air, despite the fact the Ottoman archives contain an enormous number of similar documents from the period.
  15. ↑ Professor Vassilis Demetriades. "WAS THE REMOVAL OF THE MARBLES ILLEGAL?". newmentor.net.
  16. ↑ "UNESCO sent letter to British Government for the return of Parthenon's Marbles". UNESCO. 4 October 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014.
  17. ↑ ... takes note that the United Kingdom has not yet written back to UNESCO (PDF). INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR PROMOTING THE RETURN OF CULTURAL PROPERTY TO ITS COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OR ITS RESTITUTION IN CASE OF ILLICIT APPROPRIATION, 19th session. UNESCO. 1–2 October 2014. p. 5. ICPRCP/14/19.COM/8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2014.
  18. ↑ "Neil Macgregor to chair 'World collections programme', to share British cultural excellence with Africa and Asia". United Kingdom Government News. 18 January 2008. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  19. ↑ "Senior officials 'high earners' salaries as at 30 September 2015 – GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  20. ↑ "Hartwig Fischer confirmed as British Museum director". BBC News. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  21. ↑ Hili Perlson (8 April 2015). "British Museum Director Neil MacGregor To Step Down at the End of the Year". artnet.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  22. ↑ "Founding Directors". Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  23. ↑ Knight, Ben; Brown, Mark (10 April 2015). "Appointment of Neil MacGregor as head of Humboldt Forum silences critics". the Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  24. ↑ Neil MacGregor unveils plans for Berlin’s ambitious Humboldt Forum
  25. ↑ "Shakespeare's Restless World". BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  26. ↑ Neil MacGregor, BBC Radio 4. "Germany: Memories of a Nation". Retrieved 1 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ "Neil MacGregor to step down as Director of the British Museum at the end of 2015". British Museum Press Release. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  28. ↑ Presenter: Neil MacGregor; Producer: Paul Kobrak (23 October 2017). "The Beginnings of Belief". Living With The Gods. BBC. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  29. ↑ "The Museums That Make Us". BBC Online. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  30. ↑ "The pink list 2007: The IoS annual celebration of the great and the gay". The Independent. London. 6 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008.
  31. ↑ Susanna Rustin (2 January 2010). "The greatest exhibition you could have | Culture". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  32. ↑ Buckingham Palace. "Mr Neil MacGregor appointed to the Order of Merit, 4 November 2010". The Royal Household. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
  33. ↑ "Mr Robert Neil MacGREGOR". Australian Government - Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet - Honours. 15 February 2013. 1147716.
  34. ↑ Kati Degenhardt (17 April 2023), Merkels emotionaler Dank: "Er hatte Vieles auszuhalten" T-Online.
  35. ↑ Berlin, Berliner Morgenpost- (17 December 2014). "Neil MacGregor erhält Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis". www.morgenpost.de. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  36. ↑ "Nayef Al-Rodhan Prize for Global Cultural Understanding: past winners". The British Academy. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
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