Map showing the distribution of the national parks in Spain as of 2021.

There are sixteen national parks in Spain: eleven in the Iberian Peninsula, four in the Canary Islands and one in the Balearic Islands. Twelve of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain have national parks. Canary Islands has the most with four, followed by Andalusia with three, and Castile-La Mancha and Castile and León with two each. There are five autonomous communities that have no national parks: Basque Country, La Rioja, Murcia, Navarre, Valencian Community.

As of 2017 about 15 million people visited Spain's national parks, with Teide accounting for about 28% of all visitors. The second most visited park was Picos de Europa (17%), followed by Ordesa y Monte Perdido (13%). The least visited parks were Cabrera Archipelago (0.81%) and Cabañeros (0.72%).[1] With more than 2.5 million visitors in 2013, Teide was the most visited national park in Europe that year, and sixth most visited in the world.[2]

National parks

Name Photo Province Autonomous community Designated Area Description Ref
Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici Lleida Catalonia 1955 14,119 ha
(34,889 acres)		 Consists of two valleys (Sant Nicolau and L'Escrita) located between the rivers Noguera Pallaresa and Noguera Ribagorzana. Comaloforno is the highest mountain, with a peak at 3,033 meters (9,951 ft).[3] [4]
Cabañeros Ciudad Real and Toledo Castile-La Mancha 1995 40,856 ha
(100,957 acres)		 It is the best and largest surviving area of Iberian Mediterranean forest, with an enormous variety of plant species. Part of the Montes de Toledo system of mountain ranges. Rocigalgo, at about 1,500 meters (4,900 ft), is the highest mountain in the park.[5] [6]
Cabrera Archipelago Balearic Islands Balearic Islands 1991 90,800.52 ha
(224,373 acres)		 Consists of the Balearic island Cabrera, that was isolated from Majorca during the last glacial period 12,000 years ago, and the surrounding archipelago.[7] [8]
Caldera de Taburiente Santa Cruz de Tenerife (La Palma island) Canary Islands 1954 4,690 ha
(11,589 acres)		 A huge volcanic caldera covered by thick forest of Canary Island Pine and Canary Islands Juniper, being home of several endangered species and the astronomical Roque de los Muchachos Observatory. [9]
Doñana Huelva and Sevilla Andalusia 1969 54,252 ha
(134,060 acres)		 The park is an area of marshes, shallow streams, and sand dunes in Las Marismas, the delta where the Guadalquivir River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. It has a biodiversity that is unique in Europe, including thousands of European and African migratory birds, and endangered species such as the Spanish imperial eagle and the Iberian lynx. [10]
Garajonay Santa Cruz de Tenerife (La Gomera island) Canary Islands 1981 3,984 ha
(9,845 acres)		 The park provides the best example of Canarian laurisilva, a humid subtropical forest that in the Tertiary covered almost all of Southern Europe. Many of the species of flora and fauna are endemic to the Macaronesian islands, the Canary Islands or La Gomera, and the Garajonay forest harbors a rich biota of understory plants, invertebrates, and birds and bats, including a large number of endemic species. [11]
Guadarrama Madrid, Segovia and Ávila Community of Madrid and Castile and León 2013 33,960 ha
(83,917 acres)		 The only Iberian examples of "high Mediterranean mountain" harbouring more than 1,280 different species of plants and animals. [12]
Illas Atlánticas de Galicia A Coruña and Pontevedra Galicia 2002 8,480 ha
(20,955 acres)		 It comprises the archipelagos of Cíes, Ons, Sálvora and Cortegada. The park covers a land area of 1,200 ha (3,000 acres) and a sea area of 7,200 ha (18,000 acres) [13]
Monfragüe Cáceres Extremadura 2007 18,396 ha
(45,458 acres)		 Three main habitats predominate: Mediterranean woodland and scrubland, dehesas, rocky areas and water bodies (rivers and reservoirs). More than 200 vertebrate species breed in the park, many others hibernate or can be seen on passage during migration to other latitudes. Birds are the group of vertebrates with the greatest abundance of species and individuals. [14]
Ordesa y Monte Perdido Huesca Aragon 1918 15,608 ha
(38,568 acres)		 High mountain park in the transition between the Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean regions, glacial erosion formations and high biodiversity. [15]
Picos de Europa Asturias, León and Cantabria Asturias, Castile-Leon and Cantabria 1918 67,127 ha
(165,874 acres)		 Covers the mountain range Picos de Europa (part of the Cantabrian Mountains) and consists of three massifs: Central, Western and Eastern. Torre de Cerredo, at 2,646 meters (8,681 ft), is the highest mountain.[16] [17]
Sierra Nevada Granada, Almería, and Málaga Andalusia 1999 85,883 ha
(212,222 acres)		 The park has fifteen peaks over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) altitude, including Mulhacén, the highest mountain in the Iberian Peninsula, with a peak of 3,482 meters (11,424 ft).[18] [19]
Sierra de las Nieves Malaga Andalusia 2021 22,979.76 ha The true hallmark of this territory are the Spanish fir forests, a botanical relic of the Tertiary conifer forests, endemic to the mountain ranges of Malaga and Cadiz, and which have in this protected natural area their largest area of distribution in the world with nearly 2,000 hectares. [20]
Tablas de Daimiel Ciudad Real Castile-La Mancha 1973 3,030 ha
(7,487 acres)		 The park is the last surviving example of floodplain wetlands located in the arid central part of the Iberian peninsula.[21] [22]
Teide Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Tenerife island) Canary Islands 1954 18,990 ha
(46,925 acres)		 Atop the highest mountain of Spain, this national park, also a UNESCO world heritage site, features volcanic mountains, various plant species including the fragile species such as the Canary Island cedar and the Canaray island pine, and a few birds and animals. [23]
Timanfaya Las Palmas (Lanzarote island) Canary Islands 1974 5,107 ha
(12,620 acres)		 The only National Park in Spain which is entirely geological, representing recent and historical volcanism in the Macaronesian Region. The last volcanic eruptions occurred during the 18th century as well as on the 19th century.[24] [25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/red-parques-nacionales/la-red/gestion/visitasppnn_tcm30-67283.pdf
  2. ↑ Millet, Daniel (10 February 2014). "El Teide se sitúa entre los diez parques nacionales más visitados del mundo". La Opinión de Tenerife (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  3. ↑ "Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici: El medio natural". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  4. ↑ "Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  5. ↑ "Cabañeros: Valores naturales". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  6. ↑ "Cabañeros: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "Archipiélago de Cabrera: La isla". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "Archipiélago de Cabrera: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  9. ↑ "Caldera de Taburiente: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  10. ↑ "Doñana: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  11. ↑ "Garajonay: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  12. ↑ "Sierra de Guadarrama: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  13. ↑ "Islas Atlánticas de Galicia: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  14. ↑ "Monfragüe: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  15. ↑ "Ordesa y Monte Perdido: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  16. ↑ "Picos de Europa: El medio natural". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  17. ↑ "Picos de Europa: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  18. ↑ "Sierra Nevada: Medio natural". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  19. ↑ "Sierra Nevada: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  20. ↑ miteco.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry for the Ecological Transition. 2023 de las Nieves: Ficha técnica https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/red-parques-nacionales/nuestros-parques/sierra-de-las-nieves/ficha-tecnica/default.aspx=Sierra de las Nieves: Ficha técnica. Retrieved 18 January 2023. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ Álvarez-Cobelas, M. & Cirujano, S. 1996. TDNP: Aquatic Ecology and Society (in Spanish). National Parks Autonomous Agency, Ministry of Environment.
  22. ↑ "Tablas de Daimiel: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  23. ↑ "Teide: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  24. ↑ "Timanfaya". Gobierno de Canarias. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  25. ↑ "Timanfaya: Ficha técnica". magrama.gob.es (in Spanish). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
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