Map of the Philippine archipelago
In the Philippines, Protected Areas are administered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)'s Biodiversity Management Bureau under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992. As of 2020, there are 244 Protected Areas in the Philippines covering a total area of about 7,760,000 hectares (19,200,000 acres) – 15.4% of the Philippines' total area.[1]
History
The first important legislation that formed the basis of the current system of national parks and protected areas in the Philippines is Act No. 648, enacted in 1903 by the Philippine Commission. This act authorized the civil governor to "reserve for civil public purposes, and from sale or settlement, any part of the public domain not appropriated by law for special public purposes."[2]
A total of eight national reserves had been established on July 26, 1904, pursuant to this law. These are the Lamao Forest Reserve in Bataan, Mariquina Reserve in Rizal, Angat River Reserve in Bulacan, Caliraya Falls Reserve in Laguna, La Carlota Reserve in Negros Occidental, San Ramon Reserve in Zamboanga, Magalang Reserve in Pampanga, and Hacienda San Antonio in Isabela.[3] In the same year, the Forest Act of 1904 (Act No. 1148) was adopted that expanded the scope of protected areas in the Philippines.[4] Among the first of such mountain forest reserves to be declared was Mount Maquiling declared on November 21, 1910.[5]
On February 1, 1932, the National Parks Act (Act No. 3195) was enacted that formally established the national parks system in the country.[6] Mount Arayat became the first national park in the Philippines established on June 27, 1933, following this act.
A series of acts and legislations were passed in the next decades that aimed to further strengthen these policies, including the Revised Forestry Code of 1975 (Presidential Decree No. 705) and Forest Administrative Order No. 7. Following the 1987 Constitution, the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act was enacted which further enhanced the administration and classification of protected areas, and broadened the mandate of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in enforcing its provisions.
Classification
Protected areas in the Philippines encompasses 4,620,000 hectares (11,400,000 acres) of terrestrial areas and 3,140,000 hectares (7,800,000 acres) of marine areas.[1] They are managed according to the following classifications described in Section 4 of the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (NIPAS Act).
National parks
Natural parks
World Heritage Site or part of a World Heritage Site
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apo Reef | 15,792.00 ha (39,022.9 acres) |
1996 | Occidental Mindoro |
| Balinsasayao Twin Lakes | 8,016.05 ha (19,808.1 acres) |
2000 | Negros Oriental |
| Bicol | 5,201.00 ha (12,852.0 acres) |
2000 | |
| Bongsanglay | 244.72 ha (604.7 acres) |
2000 | Masbate |
| Bulusan Volcano | 3,672.00 ha (9,073.7 acres) |
2000 | Sorsogon |
| Kalbario–Patapat | 3,800.00 ha (9,390.0 acres) |
2007 | Ilocos Norte |
| Lake Danao | 2,193.00 ha (5,419.0 acres) |
1998 | Leyte |
| Mahagnao Volcano | 635.00 ha (1,569.1 acres) |
1998 | Leyte |
| Mayon Volcano | 5,775.70 ha (14,272.1 acres) |
2000 | Albay |
| Mount Apo | 54,974.87 ha (135,845.9 acres) |
1936 | |
| Mount Balatukan Range | 8,423.00 ha (20,813.7 acres) |
2007 | Misamis Oriental |
| Mount Guiting-Guiting | 15,265.48 ha (37,721.8 acres) |
1996 | Romblon |
| Mount Inayawan Range | 3,632.74 ha (8,976.7 acres) |
2007 | Lanao del Norte |
| Mount Isarog | 10,112.35 ha (24,988.2 acres) |
2002 | Camarines Sur |
| Mount Kalatungan Range | 21,247.73 ha (52,504.3 acres) |
2000 | Bukidnon |
| Mount Kanlaon | 24,388.00 ha (60,264.1 acres) |
1997 | |
| Mount Kitanglad Range | 31,235.19 ha (77,183.8 acres) |
1996 | Bukidnon |
| Mount Malindang | 34,694.00 ha (85,730.7 acres) |
2002 | Misamis Occidental |
| Northern Negros | 80,454.50 ha (198,807.4 acres) |
2002 | Negros Occidental |
| Northern Sierra Madre | 359,486.00 ha (888,309.3 acres) |
1997 | Isabela |
| Northwest Panay Peninsula | 12,009.29 ha (29,675.6 acres) |
2002 | |
| Pasonanca | 12,107.00 ha (29,917.0 acres) |
1999 | Zamboanga del Sur |
| Samar Island | 333,300.00 ha (823,602.2 acres) |
2003 | Eastern Visayas |
| Sibalom | 5,511.47 ha (13,619.1 acres) |
2000 | Antique |
| Tubbataha Reef | 97,030.00 ha (239,766.4 acres) |
2010 | Palawan |
Natural monuments
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bessang Pass | 693.32 ha (1,713.2 acres) |
2000 | Ilocos Sur |
| Chocolate Hills | 14,145.00 ha (34,953.1 acres) |
1997 | Bohol |
| Salinas | 6,675.56 ha (16,495.7 acres) |
2000 | Nueva Vizcaya |
| Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok | 2,227.62 ha (5,504.6 acres) |
2004 | Camiguin |
Protected landscape and seascapes
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agoo–Damortis | 10,513.30 ha (25,978.9 acres) |
2000 | La Union |
| Alburquerque–Loay–Loboc | 1,164.16 ha (2,876.7 acres) |
1999 | Bohol |
| Aliguay Island | 1,191.89 ha (2,945.2 acres) |
1999 | Zamboanga del Norte |
| Apo Island | 691.45 ha (1,708.6 acres) |
1994 | Negros Oriental |
| Baliangao | 295.00 ha (729.0 acres) |
2000 | Misamis Occidental |
| Batanes | 213,578.00 ha (527,762.7 acres) |
1994 | Batanes |
| Biri Larosa | 33,492.00 ha (82,760.5 acres) |
2000 | Northern Samar |
| Cuatro Islas | 12,500.00 ha (30,888.2 acres) |
2000 | Leyte |
| Dumanquilas Bay | 25,948.00 ha (64,118.9 acres) |
1999 | Zamboanga del Sur |
| Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands | 1,877.00 ha (4,638.2 acres) |
2000 | Zamboanga del Sur |
| Guiuan | 60,448.00 ha (149,370.3 acres) |
1994 | Eastern Samar |
| Initao–Libertad | 1,300.78 ha (3,214.3 acres) |
2002 | Misamis Oriental |
| Mabini | 6,106.00 ha (15,088.3 acres) |
2000 | Davao de Oro |
| Malabungot | 120.62 ha (298.1 acres) |
2000 | Camarines Sur |
| Malampaya Sound | 200,115.00 ha (494,494.9 acres) |
2000 | Palawan |
| Murcielagos Island | 151.00 ha (373.1 acres) |
2000 | Zamboanga del Norte |
| Peñablanca | 118,781.58 ha (293,515.7 acres) |
2003 | Cagayan |
| Pujada Bay | 21,200.00 ha (52,386.3 acres) |
1994 | Davao Oriental |
| Selinog Island | 1,294.35 ha (3,198.4 acres) |
2000 | Zamboanga del Norte |
| Siargao Island | 278,914.13 ha (689,211.8 acres) |
1996 | Surigao del Norte |
| Talibon Islands | 6,456.87 ha (15,955.3 acres) |
1999 | Bohol |
Protected landscapes
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aliwagwag | 10,491.33 ha (25,924.6 acres) |
2011 | |
| Amro River | 6,471.08 ha (15,990.4 acres) |
2000 | Aurora |
| Baganga | 114.88 ha (283.9 acres) |
2000 | Davao Oriental |
| Banao | 21,567.53 ha (53,294.5 acres) |
2022[7] | Kalinga |
| Bigbiga | 135.71 ha (335.3 acres) |
2000 | Ilocos Sur |
| Buenavista | 284.27 ha (702.4 acres) |
2000 | Quezon |
| Calbayog Pan-as–Hayiban | 7,832.00 ha (19,353.3 acres) |
1998 | Samar |
| Casecnan | 88,846.80 ha (219,545.2 acres) |
2000 | |
| Central Cebu | 29,062.00 ha (71,813.8 acres) |
2003 | Cebu |
| Dinadiawan River | 3,371.33 ha (8,330.7 acres) |
2000 | Aurora |
| Hinulugang Taktak | 3.20 ha (7.9 acres) |
2000 | Rizal |
| José Rizal Memorial | 439.00 ha (1,084.8 acres) |
2000 | Zamboanga del Norte |
| Libunao | 46.70 ha (115.4 acres) |
2000 | Ilocos Sur |
| Lidlidda | 1,157.44 ha (2,860.1 acres) |
2000 | Ilocos Sur |
| Magapit | 3,403.62 ha (8,410.5 acres) |
2000 | Cagayan |
| Mainit Hot Springs | 1,374.00 ha (3,395.2 acres) |
2000 | Davao de Oro |
| Manleluag Spring | 1,935.17 ha (4,781.9 acres) |
2004 | Pangasinan |
| Mati | 914.26 ha (2,259.2 acres) |
2005 | Davao Oriental |
| Maulawin Spring | 149.01 ha (368.2 acres) |
2000 | Quezon |
| Mimbilisan | 66.00 ha (163.1 acres) |
1999 | Misamis Oriental |
| Mount Arayat | 3,711.34 ha (9,170.9 acres) |
2022[8] | Pampanga |
| Mounts Banahaw–San Cristobal | 10,900.59 ha (26,935.9 acres) |
2009 | |
| Mount Mantalingajan | 120,457.00 ha (297,655.7 acres) |
2009 | Palawan |
| Mount Matutum | 15,600.00 ha (38,548.4 acres) |
1995 | South Cotabato |
| Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod | 3,973.13 ha (9,817.8 acres) |
2007 | |
| Mount Pulag | 11,602 ha (28,670 acres) |
2022[9] | |
| Mount Timolan | 1,994.80 ha (4,929.3 acres) |
2000 | Zamboanga del Sur |
| Naga-Kabasalan | 5,505.45 ha (13,604.3 acres) |
2022[10] | Zamboanga Sibugay |
| Pamitinan | 600.00 ha (1,482.6 acres) |
1996 | Rizal |
| Quezon | 938.00 ha (2,317.8 acres) |
2003 | Quezon |
| Quirino | 164,364.46 ha (406,153.4 acres) |
2005 | Quirino |
| Rajah Sikatuna | 10,452.60 ha (25,828.9 acres) |
2000 | Bohol |
| Roosevelt | 786.04 ha (1,942.3 acres) |
2000 | Bataan |
| Santa Lucia | 174.16 ha (430.4 acres) |
2000 | Ilocos Sur |
| Simbahan–Talagas | 2,266.49 ha (5,600.6 acres) |
2000 | Aurora |
| Taal Volcano | 62,292.14 ha (153,927.2 acres) |
1996 | Batangas |
| Talaytay | 3,526.29 ha (8,713.7 acres) |
2000 | Aurora |
| Tirad Pass | 7,507.60 ha (18,551.7 acres) |
2022[11] | Ilocos Sur |
| Upper Marikina River Basin | 26,125.64 ha (64,557.9 acres) |
2011 | Rizal |
Protected seascapes
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Panglao Island | 385.67 ha (953.0 acres) |
2003 | Bohol |
| Sarangani Bay | 215,950.00 ha (533,624.1 acres) |
1996 | Sarangani |
| Tañon Strait | 450.00 ha (1,112.0 acres) |
1998 |
Game refuge and bird sanctuaries
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calauit Safari Park | 3,400.00 ha (8,401.6 acres) |
1976 | Palawan |
| Calavite and FB Harrison | 121,983.81 ha (301,428.6 acres) |
1920 | Occidental Mindoro |
| Lake Buluan | 6,300.00 ha (15,567.6 acres) |
2006 | Cotabato |
| Lake Malimanga | 12.35 ha (30.5 acres) |
1980 | Zambales |
| Olango Island | 920.00 ha (2,273.4 acres) |
1992 | Cebu |
| Palawan | 761,416.00 ha (1,881,499.9 acres) |
1967 | Palawan |
Resource reserves
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siocon | 793.74 ha (1,961.4 acres) |
1999 | Zamboanga del Norte |
| Upper Agno River Basin | 77,561.00 ha (191,657.4 acres) |
2000 |
Managed resource protected areas
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area | 89,134.76 ha (220,256.8 acres) |
1998 | Palawan |
Marine reserves
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masinloc and Oyon Bay | 7,568.00 ha (18,700.9 acres) |
1993 | Zambales |
| Palaui Island | 7,415.48 ha (18,324.1 acres) |
1994 | Cagayan |
| Sagay | 32,000.00 ha (79,073.7 acres) |
2001 | Negros Occidental |
| Taklong Island | 1,143.45 ha (2,825.5 acres) |
1990 | Guimaras |
Watershed forest reserves
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aklan River | 23,185.00 ha (57,291.4 acres) |
1990 | Aklan |
| Alabat | 688.00 ha (1,700.1 acres) |
1987 | Quezon |
| Alijawan–Cansuhay–Anibongan River | 3,630.00 ha (8,969.9 acres) |
1992 | Bohol |
| Allah Valley | 92,450.00 ha (228,448.9 acres) |
1985 | South Cotabato |
| Angat Watershed | 6,600.00 ha (16,309.0 acres) |
1968 | Bulacan |
| Aurora | 430.00 ha (1,062.6 acres) |
1936 | Aurora |
| Bawa | 8,955.00 ha (22,128.3 acres) |
1987 | Cagayan |
| Binahaan River | 465.00 ha (1,149.0 acres) |
1991 | Quezon |
| Calabgan | 4,803.00 ha (11,868.5 acres) |
1992 | Aurora |
| Calatrava–San Andres–San Agustin | 2,670.00 ha (6,597.7 acres) |
1982 | Romblon |
| Calauag | 328.00 ha (810.5 acres) |
1939 | Quezon |
| Capalonga | 752.00 ha (1,858.2 acres) |
1966 | Camarines Norte |
| Catanduanes | 26,010.00 ha (64,272.1 acres) |
1987 | Catanduanes |
| Dahican | 44.00 ha (108.7 acres) |
1933 | Camarines Norte |
| Dalanas River | 8,558.00 ha (21,147.3 acres) |
1990 | Antique |
| Dibalo–Pingit–Zabali–Malayat | 4,528.00 ha (11,188.9 acres) |
1992 | Aurora |
| Dipaculao | 1,786.00 ha (4,413.3 acres) |
1987 | Aurora |
| Doña Remedios–General Tinio | 20,760.00 ha (51,299.1 acres) |
1988 | |
| Dupax | 424.80 ha (1,049.7 acres) |
1934 | Nueva Vizcaya |
| Ilocos Norte Metro | 2,815.00 ha (6,956.0 acres) |
1934 | Ilocos Norte |
| Ilog-Hilabangan | 10,211.00 ha (25,231.9 acres) |
1990 | Negros Occidental |
| Infanta | 384.00 ha (948.9 acres) |
1967 | Quezon |
| Jalaur River | 9,228.00 ha (22,802.9 acres) |
1990 | Iloilo |
| Kabankalan | 432.00 ha (1,067.5 acres) |
1991 | Negros Occidental |
| Lake Lanao | 180,460.00 ha (445,926.4 acres) |
1992 | Lanao del Sur |
| Libungan | 52,820.00 ha (130,521.1 acres) |
1990 | Cotabato |
| Loboc River | 19,410.00 ha (47,963.2 acres) |
1953 | Bohol |
| Lopez | 418.00 ha (1,032.9 acres) |
1940 | Quezon |
| Lower Agno | 39,304.00 ha (97,122.3 acres) |
1983 | Benguet |
| Maasin | 6,150.00 ha (15,197.0 acres) |
1923 | Iloilo |
| Mahugunao | 136.00 ha (336.1 acres) |
1932 | Misamis Oriental |
| Malagos | 235.00 ha (580.7 acres) |
1933 | Davao del Sur |
| Marcos Highway | 6,105.00 ha (15,085.8 acres) |
1978 | Benguet |
| Mariveles (Palanas) | 325.00 ha (803.1 acres) |
1919 | Bataan |
| Mulanay | 26.00 ha (64.2 acres) |
1938 | Quezon |
| Naguilian | 90.00 ha (222.4 acres) |
1936 | La Union |
| Olongapo (Palanas) | 6,335.00 ha (15,654.1 acres) |
1987 | Zambales |
| Palawan | 4,776.00 ha (11,801.8 acres) |
1982 | Palawan |
| Palompon | 2,392.00 ha (5,910.8 acres) |
1988 | Leyte |
| Panay River | 4,350.00 ha (10,749.1 acres) |
1990 | Capiz |
| Pantabangan–Carranglan Watershed | 84,500.00 ha (208,804.0 acres) |
1969 | Nueva Ecija |
| Polillo | 130.00 ha (321.2 acres) |
1966 | Quezon |
| Santa | 25.00 ha (61.8 acres) |
1935 | Ilocos Sur |
| South Upi | 1,894.20 ha (4,680.7 acres) |
1987 | Maguindanao |
| Talavera | 37,156.00 ha (91,814.5 acres) |
1938 | |
| Tanap | 41.00 ha (101.3 acres) |
1971 | Ilocos Norte |
| Tibiang–Damagandong | 280.00 ha (691.9 acres) |
1938 | Quezon |
| Torrijos | 105.00 ha (259.5 acres) |
1932 | Marinduque |
| Tumauini | 17,670.00 ha (43,663.5 acres) |
1994 | Isabela |
| Wangag | 6,992.00 ha (17,277.6 acres) |
1987 | Cagayan |
Natural biotic areas
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abasig–Matogdon–Mananap | 5,420.12 ha (13,393.4 acres) |
2000 | Camarines Norte |
| Basilan | 4,497.00 ha (11,112.3 acres) |
2000 | Basilan |
| Buug | 1,095.00 ha (2,705.8 acres) |
1998 | Zamboanga del Sur |
| Lagonoy | 444.60 ha (1,098.6 acres) |
2000 | Camarines Sur |
| Tugbo | 224 ha (550 acres) |
2022 | Masbate |
Wildlife sanctuaries
World Heritage Site or part of a World Heritage Site
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agusan Marsh | 14,835.99 ha (36,660.5 acres) |
1996 | Agusan del Sur |
| Chico Island | 7.77 ha (19.2 acres) |
2000 | Masbate |
| Marinduque | 8,827.96 ha (21,814.4 acres) |
2004 | Marinduque |
| Mount Calavite | 18,016.19 ha (44,519.0 acres) |
2000 | Occidental Mindoro |
| Mount Hamiguitan Range | 6,834.00 ha (16,887.2 acres) |
2004 | Davao Oriental |
| Naro Island | 109.98 ha (271.8 acres) |
2000 | Masbate |
| Rasa Island | 1,983.00 ha (4,900.1 acres) |
2006 | Palawan |
| Sicogon Island | 251 ha (620 acres) |
2022 | Iloilo |
| Turtle Islands | 242,967.00 ha (600,384.5 acres) |
1999 | Tawi-Tawi |
Wilderness areas
| Name | Area | Established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alibijaban | 430.00 ha (1,062.6 acres) |
1981 | Quezon |
| Awasan Bay Islands | 1981 | Surigao del Norte | |
| Bantayan Island | 1981 | Cebu | |
| Basot–Quinalang–Malabungot Islands | 185.38 ha (458.1 acres) |
1981 | Camarines Sur |
| Caniago Strait Islands | 210.00 ha (518.9 acres) |
1981 | Bohol |
| Cebu Strait Islands | 34.00 ha (84.0 acres) |
1981 | Bohol |
| Dampalit Island | 1981 | Masbate | |
| Guinauyan–Naro–Chico–Pobre Islands | 23.25 ha (57.5 acres) |
1981 | Masbate |
| Isabela Monte Alto Timber Resource Corp. |
1,985.00 ha (4,905.0 acres) |
1987 | Isabela |
| Majaba-Napayuan Islands | 18.00 ha (44.5 acres) |
1981 | Masbate |
| Panag Bay Islands | 1981 | Surigao del Norte | |
| Rasa Island | 1981 | Palawan |
See also
References
- 1 2 Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Biodiversity Management Bureau (2020). 2020 Biodiversity Management Bureau Accomplishment Report. Quezon City, Metro Manila. ISSN 2799-0710.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Act No. 648" – via Supreme Court E-Library.
- ↑ Executive Order No. 33 (in English and Spanish). October 10, 2023 – via Executive Orders and Proclamations Issued by the Governor-General During the Year 1904 (1905, Manila: Bureau of Public Printing).
- ↑ "Act No. 1148" – via Supreme Court E-Library.
- ↑ "Mount Makiling Marks Centennial". BusinessMirror. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
- ↑ "Act No. 3915" – via Supreme Court E-Library.
- ↑ "Republic Act No. 11688". Official Gazette. 2022.
- ↑ "Republic Act No. 11684". Official Gazette. 2022.
- ↑ "Republic Act No. 11685". Official Gazette. 2022.
- ↑ "Republic Act No. 11686". Official Gazette. 2022.
- ↑ "Republic Act No. 11687". Official Gazette. 2022.
External links
Media related to National parks of the Philippines at Wikimedia Commons
National parks and protected areas of the Philippines travel guide from Wikivoyage- National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (archived)
- Protected areas (240) in the Philippines from Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
- Mount Kalatungan Range Natural Park Official Site (archived)
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