Nandivarman III
Pallava Ruler
Reignc. 846 – c. 869 CE
PredecessorDantivarman
SuccessorNriputungavarman (in the south)
Kampavarman (in the north)
SpouseShankha
Kandan Marampavaiyar
IssueNrpatungavarman, Kampavarman
DynastyPallava
FatherDantivarman
MotherAggalanimati
Pallava Monarchs (200s–800s CE)
Virakurcha(??–??)
Vishnugopa I(??–??)
Vishnugopa II(??–??)
Simhavarman III(??–??)
Simhavishnu(??–??)
Mahendravarman I600–630
Narasimhavarman I630–668
Mahendravarman II668–670
Paramesvaravarman I670–695
Narasimhavarman II695–728
Paramesvaravarman II728–731
Nandivarman II731–795
Dantivarman795–846
Nandivarman III846–869
Nrpatungavarman869–880
Aparajitavarman880–897

Nandivarman III was an Indian monarch of the Nandivarman II line who ruled the Pallava kingdom from 846 to 869.[1] He was the son of Dantivarman and the grandson of Nandivarman II.[2]

Reign

Nandivarman III was born to the Pallava king Dantivarman and a Kadamba princess named Aggalanimati.[3] His guru (teacher) was the well-known Digambara Jain monk Jinasena.[4] He tried to reverse the decline that began in the reign of his father Dantivarman. Nandivarman III made an alliance with the Rashtrakutas and the Gangas to form a confederacy against the Pandyas. He defeated the Pandyas at the Battle of Tellaru in 830.[5][6] He then pursued the retreating Pandyan army as far as the Vaigai river. The Pandyan king Srimara Srivallabha, however, recovered most of his territories and even defeated the Pallavas at Kumbakonam.[7][8][9]

Nandivarman had a powerful navy and maintained trade contacts with Siam and Malaya. He possibly conquered territory in Southeast Asia as he constructed a Vishnu temple at Siam which was placed under the protection of the Manigramam merchant guild.[10][1] He was a great patron of arts and literature.[3] The Bharatam was translated into Tamil by Perundevanar under his patronage. The Nandikkalambakam was composed by a poet in praise of Nandivarman III.[11][12][6] His reign saw the construction of the Vishnu temple at Kiliyanur and the Shiva temple at Thirukattupalli.

Nandivarman III married a Rashtrakuta princess named Shankha, who was likely the daughter of Amoghavarsha I, the Rashtrakuta emperor. He had a son named Nripatunga from Shankha, who succeeded him as king.[13][14] His second wife was a Paluvettaraiyar princess named Kandan Marampavaiyar, through which he had his second son named Kampavarman. Before his death, Nandivarman III divided his kingdom between his two sons- Nriputungavarman ruling in the south and Kampavarman ruling in the north.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  2. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  3. 1 2 Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0.
  4. 1 2 Hudson, D. Dennis (25 September 2008). The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-045140-0.
  5. ↑ Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1005. ISBN 978-0-313-33539-6.
  6. 1 2 University, Vijaya Ramaswamy, Jawaharlal Nehru (25 August 2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0686-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (1976). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-560686-7.
  8. ↑ Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. (1929) The Pandyan Kingdom. London, Luzac and Company. 74–76.
  9. ↑ The Pandyan Kingdom. London: Luzac and Company. 1929. p. 74-76.
  10. ↑ Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta (1949). "Takuapa and its Tamil Inscription". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1 (147): 25–30. JSTOR 41560492.
  11. ↑ Division, Publications. THE GAZETTEER OF INDIA Volume 2. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2265-9.
  12. ↑ S, Suja (30 January 2021). "Nandhi Kalambagam's Agam Songs and its Rhetoric". International Research Journal of Tamil. 3: 247–254. doi:10.34256/irjt21127.
  13. ↑ Indian History. Allied Publishers. ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.
  14. ↑ Patro, Kartikeswar (10 May 2021). Ancient Indian History. BFC Publications. ISBN 978-93-91031-86-2.
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