NGC 3640
legacy surveys image of NGC 3640 and NGC 3641 (bottom)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLeo
Right ascension11h 21m 06.8s[1]
Declination+03° 14′ 05″[1]
Redshift0.004330 ± 0.000017 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity1,298 ± 5 km/s[1]
Distance75.4 ± 25 Mly (23.1 ± 7.7 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.3 [2]
Characteristics
TypeE3 [1]
Apparent size (V)4.0′ × 3.2′ [1]
Other designations
UGC 6368, CGCG 039-130, MCG +01-29-033, PGC 34778[1]

NGC 3640 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of circa 75 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3640 is about 90,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on February 23, 1784.[3] It is a member of the NGC 3640 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.[4]

It lies 2 degrees south of Sigma Leonis and is a member of the Herschel 400 Catalogue. It is condensed and can be spotted with a small telescope from suburban skies.[5]

Characteristics

NGC 3640 is an elliptical galaxy with a highly disturbed stellar component.[6] The galaxy features boxy isophotes, and patchy shell-like features. These features indicate a recent merger with a smaller gas-poor galaxy. A dust lane is observed along the minor-axis, spanning 30 arcseconds in a north-south direction. The galaxy has a high rotational velocity, estimated to be 120 ± 10 km/s, higher than that of other elliptical galaxies of similar luminosity.[7] The HI mass of the galaxy is estimated to be 1.85×107 M☉ and the mass of HII less than 7.44×107 M☉.[8]

In the centre of NGC 3640 lies a supermassive black hole whose mass is estimated to be roughly 100 million (107.99 ± 0.39) M☉ based on the Sérsic profile.[9]

Nearby galaxies

NGC 3640 is the foremost galaxy in a galaxy group known as the NGC 3640 group. Other members of the group include NGC 3630, NGC 3641, NGC 3643, and NGC 3664.[10] NGC 3640 forms a pair with NGC 3641, which lies 2.5 arcminutes south from NGC 3640. The group belongs to the Leo II groups, a large collection of galaxies belonging to the Virgo supercluster scattered across 30 million light years of space west of the Virgo cluster.[11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3640. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  2. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3640". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3640". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  4. ↑ "The Leo III Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
  5. ↑ O'Meara, Steve (2007). Herschel 400 Observing Guide. Cambridge University Press. p. 128. ISBN 9780521858939.
  6. ↑ Tal, Tomer; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Nelan, Jenica; Bezanson, Rachel (1 November 2009). "The Frequency of Tidal Features Associated with Nearby Luminous Elliptical Galaxies From a Statistically Complete Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (5): 1417–1427. arXiv:0908.1382. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1417T. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/5/1417. S2CID 19104100.
  7. ↑ Prugniel, P.; Nieto, J.L.; Bender, R.; Davoust, E. (October 1988). "The 'normal' elliptical galaxy NGC 3640 - A merger in progress?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 204 (1–2): 61–67. Bibcode:1988A&A...204...61P. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ↑ Welch, Gary A.; Sage, Leslie J.; Young, Lisa M. (10 December 2010). "The Cool Interstellar Medium in Elliptical Galaxies. II. Gas Content in the Volume-limited Sample and Results from the Combined Elliptical and Lenticular Surveys". The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 100–114. arXiv:1009.5259. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725..100W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/100. S2CID 119241814.
  9. ↑ Dullo, Bililign T.; Graham, Alister W. (November 2014). "Depleted cores, multicomponent fits, and structural parameter relations for luminous early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (3): 2700–2722. arXiv:1310.5867. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.444.2700D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1590. S2CID 119115650.
  10. ↑ Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor (21 April 2011). "Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z~ 0.01) Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 412 (4): 2498–2520. arXiv:1011.6277. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2498M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x. S2CID 119194025. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  11. ↑ "The Leo II Groups". atlasoftheuniverse.com.


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