Voiceless alveolar nasal
n̥
IPA Number116+402A
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
X-SAMPAn_0

The voiceless alveolar nasal is a type of consonant in some languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent the sound are ⟨n̥⟩ and ⟨n̊⟩, combinations of the letter for the voiced alveolar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness above or below the letter. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n_0.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar nasal:

  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
  • There are four specific variants of [n̥]:
    • Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
    • Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
    • Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
    • Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Aleut uhngix [un̥ɣix] 'older sister (of a male)' Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word.
Alutiiq pat'shnarluni [pat.sn̥aχluni] '(weather) is cold' Contrasts with voiced /m/.
Burmese[1]နှစ်/hnac[n̥ɪʔ]'two'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik[2]ceńa[t͡səˈn̥a]'edge'
English RP chutney t̠ʃˈʌt͡n̥ːɪ chutney [3]
cotton kˈɒtn̥̍ cotton
Estonian[4]lasn[ˈlɑsn̥]'wooden peel'Word-final allophone of /n/ after /t, s, h/.[4] See Estonian phonology
Hmong White Hmonghnub[n̥u˥]'day'Contrasts with voiced /n/. In Green Mong, it has merged with /n/.[5]
Icelandic[6]hnífur[ˈn̥iːvʏr̥]'knife'See Icelandic phonology
Jalapa Mazatec[7]hne[n̥ɛ]'falls'Contrasts with a voiced and a laryngealized alveolar nasal.
Kildin Sami[8]чоӊтэ/čohnte[t͡ʃɔn̥te]'to turn'
Welsh[9]fy nhad[və n̥aːd]'my father'Occurs as the nasal mutation of /t/. See Welsh phonology
XumiLower[10][n̥ɑ̃˦]'fur, animal hair'Contrasts with the voiced /n/.[10][11]
Upper[11][n̥ɔ̃˦]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
  2. ↑ Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
  3. ↑ Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 282. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
  4. 1 2 Asu & Teras (2009), p. 368.
  5. ↑ Ratliff (2003), p. 24.
  6. ↑ Árnason (2011), p. 115.
  7. ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 107.
  8. ↑ Kuruch (1985), p. 529.
  9. ↑ Jones (1984), p. 51.
  10. 1 2 Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
  11. 1 2 Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.