The Marriage of the Prince of Wales with Princess Alexandra of Denmark painting by William Powell Frith from 1865 seems to be the only existing contemporary painting where Queen Victoria and King Christian IX are depicted together.

The royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX, monarchs of the United Kingdom (1837–1901) and Denmark (1863–1906) respectively, currently occupy the thrones of Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. At the outbreak of the First World War their grandchildren occupied the thrones of Denmark, Greece, Norway, Germany, Romania, Russia, Spain and the United Kingdom. For this reason Victoria was nicknamed the 'grandmother of Europe' and Christian IX the 'father-in-law of Europe'.

Grandchildren

19th century

Christian IX in 1898 with his and Victoria's great-grandson Prince Edward of York, the future King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom.

Victoria arranged the marriage of her eldest son and heir-apparent, the future Edward VII, to Alexandra of Denmark, the eldest daughter of Christian IX, which took place on 10 March 1863. Among their six children were George V (who was also Emperor of India throughout his reign) and his sister Maud of Wales (who would later marry their cousin Haakon VII of Norway, another grandchild of Christian IX, on 22 July 1896). However these two marriages were not the only unions among and between descendants of Victoria and Christian IX.

The second son of Christian IX, Prince William, became King of Greece as George I shortly after his sister Alexandra's marriage due to this new connection with the British royal family. On 27 October 1889 his son, later Constantine I of Greece, married Sophia of Prussia, a granddaughter of Victoria, forging another union between descendants of the British queen and the Danish king.

In 1865 Christian IX's second daughter, Princess Dagmar, became engaged to Tsarevich Nicholas of Russia, son and heir of Tsar Alexander II. Following the untimely death of her fiancé Dagmar married Nicholas's younger brother, the Tsarevich Alexander, in 1866, taking the Russian name Maria Feodorovna. Between 1881 and 1894 she was empress-consort of Russia. Her son, Nicholas II of Russia, married Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, yet another granddaughter of Queen Victoria, on 26 November 1894, and she became empress-consort as Alexandra Feodorovna.

Other grandchildren became monarchs in their own right or consorts. Christian X of Denmark was the elder brother of Haakon VII of Norway and thus another grandson of Christian IX of Denmark. William II, German Emperor and King of Prussia, was the elder brother of Sophia of Prussia and thus another reigning grandson of Victoria. Lastly, Victoria had two more granddaughters who became queens: Marie of Edinburgh, who married Ferdinand I of Romania, and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, who married Alfonso XIII of Spain.

Christian IX was therefore the grandfather of an emperor and two kings who all married granddaughters of Victoria, one of whom (Maud of Wales) was also a granddaughter of Christian IX. In total five of his grandsons were reigning sovereigns.

Victoria, meanwhile, was the grandmother of an emperor, a king-emperor, four queens consort and an empress consort.

First World War

During the First World War (1914–1918) many monarchs of countries from both sides were closely related owing to their descent from either Queen Victoria, Christian IX or both. The most commonly cited example is the fact that Constantine I of Greece and Nicholas II of Russia (through Christian IX), as well as Nicholas' wife, Alexandra Feodorovna, and Wilhelm II of Germany (through Victoria) were all first cousins of George V of the United Kingdom.[1] Shortly before the end of the war, Nicholas, his wife and children were executed by the Bolsheviks.

Other countries who fought against Germany in addition to Russia and the United Kingdom were Romania, whose queen-consort, Marie, wife of Ferdinand I, was a cousin of Wilhelm II, and Greece, whose queen-consort, Sophia, wife of Constantine I, was Wilhelm II's sister.

Other first cousins of George V, whose countries were neutral during the war, were Christian X of Denmark, Victoria Eugenie of Spain (queen-consort of Alfonso XIII) and Haakon VII of Norway (who was also George's brother-in-law via his marriage to George's sister, Maud).

Family tree of sovereign and consort grandchildren

The family tree below shows the relationships between the monarch grandchildren of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX.

Family tree of sovereign and consort grandchildren
Christian IX
of Denmark		Victoria of the United Kingdom
Dagmar
of Denmark		George I
of the Hellenes		Frederick VIII
of Denmark		Alexandra
of Denmark		Edward VII of the United KingdomVictoria
Princess Royal
Empress of Germany		The Princess
Alice
Grand Duchess of Hesse		Alfred
Duke of Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha		The Princess
Beatrice
Nicholas II
of Russia		Constantine I
of the Hellenes		Christian X
of Denmark		Haakon VII
of Norway		Maud of
Wales
Queen of Norway		George V of the United KingdomWilliam II
German Emperor		Sophia
of Prussia
Queen of the Hellenes		Alix
of Hesse
Empress of all the Russias		Marie
of Edinburgh
Queen of Romania		Victoria
Eugenie
of Battenberg
Queen of Spain

Present-day reigning descendants

The unions between descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX did not end with the First World War, despite the overthrows of both the German and Russian monarchies (along with the House of Habsburg in Austria-Hungary). On the contrary, nearly all European reigning kings and queens today are most closely related through their descent from Victoria, Christian or both.

King Charles III of the United Kingdom, King Harald V of Norway, King Frederik X of Denmark and King Felipe VI of Spain are all descended from both Queen Victoria and King Christian IX.[2] The first two monarchs are descendants of the aforementioned union between Alexandra of Denmark (daughter of King Christian IX) and Edward VII (son of Queen Victoria). Harald V of Norway is actually descended from Christian IX three ways, twice through his father and once through his mother. Frederik X of Denmark is descended once each from Victoria and Christian IX. Felipe VI is descended from Victoria three ways and Christian IX twice. His father, King Juan Carlos I, is descended from Victoria and not Christian IX, while Juan Carlos' consort, Queen Sofía, is twice a descendant of Victoria and twice a great-great-granddaughter of Christian IX. Charles III is descended from both Christian IX and Queen Victoria twice, as his parents, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, were descendants of both monarchs.

King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is descended from Victoria twice, his parents being second cousins because they were both great-grandchildren of Victoria. In addition Carl XVI Gustaf also descends on his maternal side from Victoria's half-sister Feodora. Carl XVI Gustaf is not a descendant of Christian IX; however he descends on his maternal side from the parents of Christian IX through Christian IX's elder brother, Friedrich.

Conversely, Philippe, King of the Belgians is descended from King Christian IX but not Queen Victoria, although he is a descendant of Victoria's maternal uncle (as well as her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha's paternal uncle), Leopold I, King of the Belgians. Philippe's father, King Albert II, who abdicated in the summer of 2013, is a first cousin to Harald V of Norway through their grandfather Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland, married to Princess Ingeborg of Denmark, a granddaughter of Christian IX.

In summation:

  • The monarchs of Norway, Denmark, Spain and the United Kingdom are descended from both Victoria and Christian IX, with the King of Spain and the King of the United Kingdom having more than one line of descent from both.
  • The King of Sweden is descended twice from Victoria (and from her half-sister) but not from Christian IX (although from one of his brothers).
  • The King of the Belgians and the Grand Duke of Luxembourg are descended from Christian IX but not from Victoria, although they are descendants of Leopold I of the Belgians, uncle of both Victoria and Albert.
  • The King of the Netherlands is the only European monarch (along with the princes of Liechtenstein and Monaco) descended from neither Victoria nor Christian IX. He is, however, a sixth cousin twice removed of Harald V and Carl XVI Gustaf through descent from Frederick, Prince of Wales; a sixth cousin four times removed of Felipe VI and sixth cousin thrice times removed of Charles III and Frederik X also via descent from Frederick; and a fourth cousin thrice removed of Philippe of Belgium through descent from William I of the Netherlands. Furthermore William I of the Netherlands was also second cousin once removed of both Queen Victoria and King Christian IX, since he was the great-grandson of George II of Great Britain. Hence all current reigning kings and queens in Europe, including the Netherlands, are related through the line of George II of Great Britain.

Monarchs descended from Queen Victoria

Monarchs descended from Queen Victoria
Queen
Victoria
King
Edward VII		Alice
Grand Duchess
of Hesse
and by Rhine		Prince Arthur
Duke of Connaught
and Strathearn		Prince Leopold
Duke of Albany		Princess Beatrice
Princess
of Battenberg		Victoria
German Empress
& Queen of Prussia		Duke
Alfred of
Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha
King
George V		Victoria
Marchioness
of Milford Haven
[N 1]		Alix
Empress consort of Russia		Maud
Queen consort
of Norway		Margaret
Crown Princess
consort of Sweden		Duke
Charles Edward
of Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha		Victoria Eugenie
Queen consort
of Spain		William II
German Emperor
King of Prussia		Sophia
Queen of the Hellenes		Marie
Queen consort
of Romania
[N 2]
King
George VI
[N 3]		Alice
Princess
of Greece
and Denmark		Louise
Queen consort
of Sweden		King
Olav V
of Norway		Ingrid
Queen consort
of Denmark		Prince
Gustaf Adolf
of Sweden		Sibylla
Princess of Sweden		Victoria Louise
Duchess of Brunswick		King
Carol II
of Romania		Maria
Queen consort
of Yugoslavia
Queen
Elizabeth II		Prince Philip
Duke of Edinburgh		King
Harald V
of Norway		Queen
Margrethe II
of Denmark		King
Carl XVI Gustaf
of Sweden		Infante Juan
Count of
Barcelona		Frederica
Queen consort		King
Paul of
the Hellenes
[N 4]		King
Michael I
of Romania
[N 5]
King
Charles III		Crown Prince
Haakon
of Norway		King
Frederik X
of Denmark		Crown Princess
Victoria
of Sweden		King
Juan Carlos I
of Spain		Sophia
Queen consort		King
Constantine II
of the Hellenes
[N 6]		King
Peter II of
Yugoslavia
[N 7]
William
Prince of Wales		Princess
Ingrid Alexandra
of Norway		Crown Prince
Christian
of Denmark		Princess
Estelle
of Sweden		King
Felipe VI
of Spain
Prince George of WalesLeonor
Princess of Asturias
Notes
  1. ↑ Victoria's brother, Ernest Louis was Grand Duke of Hesse.
  2. ↑ Marie's sister, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was formerly Grand Duchess consort of Hesse.
  3. ↑ George VI had an older brother, Edward VIII, who was king of the United Kingdom as well.
  4. ↑ Paul had two elder brothers, George II and Alexander, who were also kings of Greece.
  5. ↑ Michael's mother, Helen of Greece and Denmark, was the sister of Paul of Greece.
  6. ↑ Constantine II's wife, Anne-Marie of Denmark, is Margrethe II's younger sister.
  7. ↑ Peter II's wife, Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, was the daughter of Alexander of Greece.

Monarchs descended from King Christian IX

Monarchs descended from King Christian IX
King
Christian IX
King
Frederick VIII		Alexandra
Queen consort
of the United Kingdom		King
George I
of the Hellenes		Dagmar
Empress consort
of Russia		Thyra
Princess
of Hanover
King
Christian X		Ingeborg
Princess
of Sweden		King
Haakon VII
of Norway		Maud
Queen consort		King
George V
of the United Kingdom		Prince Andrew
of Greece
and Denmark		King
Constantine I
of the Hellenes		Emperor
Nicholas II
of All Russia
Duke
Ernest Augustus
of Brunswick
[N 1]
King
Frederick IX		Astrid
Queen consort
of the Belgians		Märtha
Crown Princess		King
Olav V
of Norway		King
George VI
of the United Kingdom
[N 2]		Helen
Queen consort
of Romania		King
Paul
of the Hellenes
[N 3]		Frederica
Queen consort
Queen
Margrethe II		Joséphine
Charlotte
Grand Duchess consort
of Luxembourg		King
Albert II of
the Belgians
[N 4]		King
Harald V
of Norway		Queen
Elizabeth II
of the United Kingdom		Prince Philip
Duke of
Edinburgh		King
Michael I
of Romania
[N 5]		King
Constantine II
of the Hellenes
[N 6]		Sophia
Queen consort
of Spain
King
Frederik X		Grand Duke
Henri of
Luxembourg		King
Philippe of
the Belgians		Crown Prince
Haakon
of Norway		King
Charles III
of the United Kingdom		King
Felipe VI
of Spain
Crown Prince
Christian of Denmark		Hereditary
Grand Duke
Guillaume
of Luxembourg		Crown Princess
Elisabeth
of Belgium		Princess
Ingrid Alexandra
of Norway		William
Prince of Wales		Leonor
Princess
of Asturias
Prince
Charles of
Luxembourg		Prince
George of Wales
Notes
  1. ↑ Ernest Augustus' sister Princess Alexandra of Hanover was Grand Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
  2. ↑ George VI had an older brother, Edward VIII, who was king of the United Kingdom as well.
  3. ↑ Paul had two elder brothers, George II and Alexander, who were also kings of Greece, the latter of whom was also the father of Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, Queen consort of Yugoslavia.
  4. ↑ Albert II had an older brother, Baudouin, who was king of the Belgians as well.
  5. ↑ Michael's wife, Anne of Bourbon-Parma, was also descended from Christian IX as her mother Princess Margaret of Denmark was the daughter of Christian IX's youngest child Prince Valdemar of Denmark.
  6. ↑ Constantine II's wife, Anne-Marie of Denmark, is Margrethe II's younger sister.

Common ancestry between Victoria and Christian IX

Because so many monarchs descend from both Queen Victoria and King Christian IX of Denmark, the relationship between these two monarchs is of some interest. These monarchs were third cousins through their mutual descent from King George II of Great Britain. This relationship occurs twice because the maternal grandparents of King Christian IX of Denmark, Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (1744–1836) and Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831), were both children of daughters of King George II of Great Britain (1660–1727) and thus first cousins. Louise of Hesse-Kassel, wife of King Christian IX of Denmark, was a granddaughter of Prince Frederick of Hesse (1747–1837), the brother of the aforementioned Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel.

Thus King Christian IX of Denmark and his wife Louise of Hesse-Kassel were both second and third cousins to each other and third cousins to Queen Victoria.

Common ancestry between Victoria and Christian IX
George II of Great Britain
Frederick, Prince of WalesPrincess Mary of Great BritainPrincess Louise of Great Britain
George III of the United KingdomPrince Frederick of Hesse-KasselPrince Charles of Hesse-KasselPrincess Louise of Denmark
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and StrathearnPrince William of Hesse-KasselPrincess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel
Queen VictoriaPrincess Louise of Hesse-KasselChristian IX of Denmark

The longest lived descendants of Victoria and of Christian IX

Longest living descendants

     Living

Name of descendants Born Died Age Descended from Through
Christian, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt 1923 2023 100 years, 3 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Louise of Denmark
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 1921 2021 99 years, 303 days Christian IX of Denmark Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Alice of Battenberg
Andrew Andreevich, Prince of Russia 1923 2021 98 years, 311 days Christian IX of Denmark Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia
Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone 1883 1981 97 years, 313 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Christian Castenskjold 1926 Alive 97 years, 187 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Dagmar of Denmark
Margaret, Princess René of Bourbon-Parma 1895 1992 97 years, 1 day Christian IX of Denmark Prince Valdemar of Denmark
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom 1926 2022 96 years, 140 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Christian IX of Denmark Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Michael I of Romania 1921 2017 96 years, 41 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Carol II of Romania
Princess Sophie of Prussia
Christian IX of Denmark Constantine I of Greece
Count Lennart Bernadotte of Wisborg 1909 2004 95 years, 227 days Christian IX of Denmark Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg 1916 2012 95 years, 187 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Margaret of Connaught
Lady Pamela Hicks 1929 Alive 94 years, 269 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Count Sigvard Bernadotte of Wisborg 1907 2002 94 years, 244 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Margaret of Connaught
Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark 1913 2007 94 years, 151 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Sophie of Prussia
Christian IX of Denmark Constantine I of Greece
Olga, Princess Paul of Yugoslavia 1903 1997 94 years, 127 days Christian IX of Denmark Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark
Infanta Beatriz, Princess of Civitella-Cesi 1909 2002 93 years, 153 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma 1924 2017 93 years, 119 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Anne, Queen of Romania 1923 2016 92 years, 318 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Margaret of Denmark
Prince Wolfgang of Hesse 1896 1989 92 years, 247 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Margaret of Prussia
Prince Carl Bernadotte 1911 2003 92 years, 168 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Ingeborg of Denmark
Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma 1926 2018 92 years, 125 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Margaret of Denmark
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner 1932 Alive 91 years, 335 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Christian IX of Denmark Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Haakon VII of Norway
Princess Märtha of Sweden
Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia 1924 2016 91 years, 273 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 1850 1942 91 years, 260 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Queen Victoria (son & daughter)
Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll 1848 1939 91 years, 260 days Victoria of the United Kingdom
Princess Louise Viktoria of Prussia 1917 2009 91 years, 212 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Louise of Denmark
Count Bertram of Castell-Rüdenhausen 1932 Alive 91 years, 185 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Anne Liddell-Grainger 1932 Alive 91 years, 169 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Lady May Abel Smith
Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1910 2001 91 years, 100 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Alexandra of Hanover
Countess Birgitta Bernadotte of Wisborg 1933 Alive 90 years, 316 days Christian IX of Denmark Lennart Bernadotte
Prince George William of Hanover 1915 2006 90 years, 289 days Christian IX of Denmark Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia
Marianne von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha 1933 Alive 90 years, 283 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Ingrid, Queen of Denmark 1910 2000 90 years, 224 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Margaret of Connaught
Prince David Chavchavadze 1924 2014 90 years, 138 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia

Oldest living descendants

     Currently part of a reigning royal family

Name of descendants Born Age Descended from Through
Christian Castenskjold 10 July 1926 97 years, 187 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Dagmar of Denmark
Lady Pamela Hicks 19 April 1929 94 years, 269 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner 12 February 1932 91 years, 335 days Christian IX of Denmark Haakon VII of Norway
Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Princess Märtha of Sweden
Victoria of the United Kingdom Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Count Bertram of Castell-Rüdenhausen 12 July 1932 91 years, 185 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Anne Liddell-Grainger 28 July 1932 91 years, 169 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Lady May Abel Smith
Countess Birgitta Bernadotte of Wisborg 3 March 1933 90 years, 316 days Christian IX of Denmark Lennart Bernadotte
Marianne von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha 5 April 1933 90 years, 283 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Albert II of Belgium 6 June 1934 89 years, 221 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Astrid of Sweden
Princess Dorothea of Hesse 24 July 1934 89 years, 173 days Christian IX of Denmark Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Victoria of the United Kingdom Prince Christoph of Hesse
Princess Alice of Battenberg
Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler 31 October 1934 89 years, 74 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Hans Veit, Count of Toerring-Jettenbach 1 January 1935 89 years, 2 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark
Countess Victoria of Castell-Rüdenhausen 26 February 1935 88 years, 321 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Archduchess Alexandra of Austria 21 May 1935 88 years, 237 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Ileana of Romania
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent 9 October 1935 88 years, 96 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
Victoria of the United Kingdom Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia 7 April 1936 87 years, 281 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark
Elizabeth Abel Smith 5 September 1936 87 years, 130 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Lady May Abel Smith
Princess Christa of Prussia 31 October 1936 87 years, 74 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Prince Wilhelm of Prussia
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy 25 December 1936 87 years, 19 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
Victoria of the United Kingdom Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Princess Birgitta of Sweden 19 January 1937 86 years, 359 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Harald V of Norway 21 February 1937 86 years, 326 days Christian IX of Denmark Haakon VII of Norway
Princess Märtha of Sweden
Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Victoria of the United Kingdom Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Prince Ludwig of Baden 16 March 1937 86 years, 303 days Christian IX of Denmark Berthold, Margrave of Baden
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Alice of Battenberg
Countess Helene of Toerring-Jettenbach 20 May 1937 86 years, 238 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark
Archduke Dominic of Austria 4 July 1937 86 years, 193 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Ileana of Romania
Juan Carlos I of Spain 5 January 1938 86 years, 8 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
Countess Amélie of Castell-Castell 25 May 1938 85 years, 233 days Christian IX of Denmark Princess Alexandrine-Louise of Denmark
Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld 2 June 1938 85 years, 225 days Victoria of the United Kingdom Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Countess Madeleine Bernadotte 8 October 1938 85 years, 97 days Christian IX of Denmark Prince Carl Bernadotte
Queen Sofía of Spain 2 November 1938 85 years, 72 days Christian IX of Denmark Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
Constantine I of Greece
Victoria of the United Kingdom Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia
Princess Sophia of Prussia
Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark 7 January 1939 85 years, 6 days Christian IX of Denmark Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "The Family Relationships that Couldn't Stop World War I". 20 December 2013.
  2. ↑ Flantzer, Susan. "How are current European monarchs related to each other?". Unofficial Royalty. Retrieved 4 January 2023.

References

  • Aronson, Theo. Crowns in Conflict: The Triumph and the Tragedy of European Monarchy 1910–1918
  • Aronson, Theo. A Family of Kings: The Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark
  • Aronson, Theo. Grandmama of Europe: The Crowned Descendants of Queen Victoria, 1973
  • Carter, Miranda. Three Emperors: Three Cousins, Three Empires and the Road to the First World War. London, Penguin. 2009. ISBN 978-0-670-91556-9
  • Gelardi, Julia P. Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria
  • Potts, D. M. and W. T. W. Queen Victoria's Gene: Haemophilia and the Royal Family
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.