Mohammad Haneef Atmar
محمد حنیف اتمر
Atmar in meeting with Ali Shamkhani in Tehran, August 2016
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
4 April 2020 – 15 August 2021
Acting: 4 April 2020 – 4 February 2021
PresidentAshraf Ghani
Preceded byMohammad Haroon Chakhansuri (acting)[1][2]
Succeeded byAmir Khan Muttaqi (acting)
National Security Adviser of Afghanistan
In office
1 November 2014 – 25 August 2018
PresidentAshraf Ghani
Preceded byShaida Mohammad Abdali
Succeeded byHamdullah Mohib
Minister of Interior
In office
11 October 2008 – 6 June 2010
PresidentHamid Karzai
Preceded byAhmad Moqbel Zarar
Succeeded byBismillah Khan Mohammadi
Minister of Education
In office
2 May 2006[3] – 1 October 2008
PresidentHamid Karzai
Preceded byNoor Mohammad Qarqin
Succeeded byGhulam Farooq Wardak
Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development
In office
2002[3]–2008
Succeeded byMohammad Ehsan Zia
Personal details
Born (1968-09-10) 10 September 1968
Laghman, Afghanistan
Political partyPDPA (until 1992)
Truth and Justice (since 2011)
Military service
AllegianceAfghanistan Afghanistan
Branch/serviceKhAD
Battles/warsSoviet-Afghan War
Afghan Civil War (1989-1992)
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Mohammad Haneef Atmar (Pashto: محمد حنیف اتمر; born 10 September 1968)[4] is a Afghan politician and former KhAD agent.[5] He served as the Minister of interior until he was removed from the Ministry by Hamid Karzai in the wake of attacks on the June 2010 Afghan Peace Jirga.[6][7] Before that he worked with several international humanitarian organisations and served as Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development and Minister of Education. In 2011, he was part of the Right and Justice party. During his time in office, he has visited several countries to get funding to stabilise Afghanistan.

Atmar served as the National Security Advisor to Ashraf Ghani from 2014 to 2018, when he resigned due to disagreement with Ghani on certain issues. In late 2018, Atmar announced his candidacy for the April 2019 presidential elections, indicating he firmly believes a peace deal with the Taliban is possible.[8] He later withdrew his candidature. On 4 April 2020, he was appointed as the acting foreign minister,[9] and approved on a permanent basis by the Wolesi Jirga on 21 November 2020.[10] He was sworn in on 4 February 2021.[11] He fled to Turkey after the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021.[12]

Early life

Atmar was born in 1968 as son of Mohammad Asef Atmar in Laghman Province of Afghanistan to a aristocratic Pashtun Family.[4][5][13] As a young adult, he was part of a KHAD special operations-unit [5] (KhAD was the Afghan security and intelligence agency with strong ties to the Soviet KGB),[14] During the Soviet–Afghan War he fought against Mujahids, and lost a leg defending Jalalabad in 1988.[5] Atmar left for the United Kingdom after the fall of Kabul.[5]

Studies and humanitarian work

In the UK he earned two degrees at the University of York: a diploma in Information Technology and Computers, and an M.A. in Public Policy, International Relations and Post-war Reconstruction studies, which he studied for from 1996 to 1997.[3] He speaks fluent Pashto, Dari, English, Urdu, and Hindi.[4] In 1992 Atmar began advising on Afghanistan and Pakistan for humanitarian agencies, which he would continue for two years.[3] Following that he went to the Norwegian Church Aid, where he served as Program Manager for six years until 2001.[3] That same year he was hired as the Deputy Director General of the International Rescue Committee for Afghanistan,[3] but after the September 11th attacks, the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, and the Bonn Agreement creating an Afghan Transitional Authority under Hamid Karzai, Atmar left to join the new government.

Political career

Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development

Mohammad Hanif Atmar, arrives at the graduation of Afghan National Police Academy cadets

In 2002, Atmar was invited to join the Transitional Government as the Minister of Rural Rehabilitation & Development and was confirmed with the same portfolio in the cabinet of the newly elected President Hamid Karzai in December 2004. As one of the youngest members of cabinet and a technocrat, he directed his energies into transforming a dysfunctional and non-descript ministry into one of national significance that reached into every province of the country, overseeing an annual budget of nearly 500 million dollars at the end of his four-year tenure.

Ercan Murat, Country Director for UNDP in Afghanistan described Atmar in 2004 as a human development champion.[15] As head of a ministry that was considered a key consumer of international funds, his task entailed providing food security for the rural population, safe drinking water, alternatives for the drug-economy and building the necessary infrastructure for the economy in rural areas to develop.[16]

Minister of Education

In May 2006, Atmar was sworn in as the Minister of Education after being approved by an overwhelming majority of the National Assembly.

Atmar with Afghan well-known poet, author-writer and Director of the ECAR Massoud Nawabi at the Education Ministry of Afghanistan in Kabul

He was a member of the Presidential Oversight Committee.

Minister of Interior

Atmar with U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and U.S. Navy admiral Michael Mullen at the Pentagon in Washington, D.C.

In October 2008, Atmar was sworn in as the Minister of Interior after being approved by a majority of the National Assembly.[17]

Later career

When the Truth and Justice party was founded in 2011, he became a member of the party.

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Atmar was appointed as the acting minister of foreign affairs by President Ashraf Ghani on 4 April 2020. Ghani also nominated him as minister on permanent basis, pending approval by the National Assembly.[9] His nomination was approved by 197 of the 246 lawmakers present in the Wolesi Jirga on 21 November, with 24 opposing, nine votes being blank and 16 being invalid.[10] He was sworn in on 4 February 2021.[11]

Collapse of the Afghan government

The 2021 Taliban offensive culminated in the fall of Kabul to the Taliban. Atmar was evacuated from Afghanistan on 16 August 2021 to Turkey, alongside Turkish citizens and other Afghan officials by the Turkish government.[12]

Because no foreign government accorded diplomatic recognition to the Taliban, diplomats appointed by the previous government continued to operate most of Afghanistan's 65 embassies abroad, which rejected Taliban demands to allow them to take control of Afghan foreign policy.[18][19] In exile, Atmar continued to identify himself as Afghan foreign minister.[19][20] The United Nations removed his name from its list of foreign ministers on 15 February 2022.[21]

Works

  • Development of Non-Governmental Organisations in Developing Countries
  • From rhetoric to reality: The role of aid in local peacebuilding in Afghanistan. York: University of York. 1998. (with Arne Strand and Sultan Barakat)
  • Humanitarian Aid, War and Peace in Afghanistan: What to Learn?
  • Politics and Humanitarian Aid in Afghanistan and its Aftermath for the People of Afghanistan
  • Afghanistan or a Stray War in Afghanistan.
  • The Challenge of Winning the Peace, chapter written together with Jonathan Goodhand. published in: Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia, 2002

References

  1. ↑ "Haneef Atmar Appointed as Acting Foreign Minister". TOLOnews. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  2. ↑ "Chakhansuri Officially Takes Charge as Acting FM". TOLOnews. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Minister of Education Makes First Trip to the U.S. for Global Literacy Conference". USAID. 18 September 2006. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 "Ministers of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Mohammad Hanif Atmar". Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, DC. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Burns, John F. (11 October 2008). "Afghan President, Pressured, Reshuffles Cabinet". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
  6. ↑ "Afghan officials resign over attack". 6 June 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  7. ↑ "Afghan interior, intel chiefs replaced over attack"
  8. ↑ "Afghanistan's Most Powerful Person Announces Bid for April Presidential Elections". The Diplomat. 28 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  9. 1 2 "Haneef Atmar appointed acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan". uniindia.com. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  10. 1 2 "House of Representatives Gives Ten Ministerial Nominees Vote of Confidence". 8am.af. 21 November 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  11. 1 2 "Foreign Minister Takes the Oath of Office". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Press release). 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  12. 1 2 Atilla, Toygun (5 February 2021). "Turkey helps senior Afghan officials leave country". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  13. ↑ "Database". www.afghan-bios.info. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  14. ↑ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The World Was Going Our War: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. Basic Books. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-465-00311-2.
  15. ↑ Murat, Ercan. "NAtional human Development Report 2004" (PDF). UNDP. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  16. ↑ "Interview with rural development minister". IRIN. 4 July 2005. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  17. ↑ "Minister of Interior". Embassy of Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  18. ↑ Margherita Stancati, Taliban Intensify Efforts to Take Control of Afghanistan's Overseas Embassies, Wall Street Journal (18 January 2022).
  19. 1 2 Jack Detsch & Robbie Gramer, Afghanistan's Diplomats Refuse to Represent a Terrorist Group, Foreign Policy (7 January 2022).
  20. ↑ Dispute Over Afghanistan's Seat at UN Continue, TOLOnews (8 February 2022).
  21. ↑ Taieb, Rajab (22 February 2022). "Ghani Removed From UN Heads of State List". TOLOnews. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
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